Page 3 - Contents
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 3 About this guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Intended audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Page 7 - Figures
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 7 Figures 1 Relationship between a master volume and its snapshots and snap pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2 Rolling back a master volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
Page 9 - Tables
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 9 Tables 1 Document conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2 SMU communication status icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Page 11 - About this guide; Intended audience
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 11 About this guide This guide provides information about managing an 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array storage system by using its web interface, Storage Management Utility (SMU). Intended audience This guide is intended for storage system admin...
Page 12 - HP web sites
12 CAUTION: Indicates that failure to follow directions could result in damage to equipment or data. NOTE: Provides additional information. TIP: Provides helpful hints and shortcuts. HP technical support Telephone numbers for worldwide technical support are listed on the HP support web site: http://...
Page 13 - Getting started; Configuring and provisioning a new storage system; Browser setup
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 13 1 Getting started Storage Management Utility (SMU) is a web-based application for configuring, monitoring, and managing the storage system.Each controller module in the storage system contains a web server, which you access when you sign...
Page 14 - Tips for signing in and signing out; Tips for using the main window
14 Getting started 3. Click Sign In . If the system is available, the System Overview page is displayed; otherwise, a message indicates that the system is unavailable. Tips for signing in and signing out • Do not include a leading zero in an IP address. For example, enter 10.1.4.6 not 10.1.4. 0 6. •...
Page 15 - Tips for using the help window
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 15 Tips for using the help window • In the main panel, click the help icon to display help for the last-selected item, whether it is a component in the Configuration View panel or a subpanel in the main panel. • In the help window, click th...
Page 16 - About vdisks; About spares
16 Getting started • Locale. The user’s preferred display language, which overrides the system’s default display language. Installed language sets include Chinese-simplified, Chinese-traditional, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, and Spanish. NOTE: To secure the storage syst...
Page 17 - About volumes; About hosts; iSCSI host security
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 17 When a disk fails, the system looks for a dedicated spare first. If it does not find a properly sized dedicated spare, it looks for a global spare. If it does not find a properly sized global spare and the dynamic spares option is enable...
Page 18 - About volume mapping
18 Getting started • Define CHAP secret in the host iSCSI initiator. • Request host login to the storage system. The host should be displayable by the system, as well as the ports through which connections were made. If it becomes necessary to add more hosts after CHAP is enabled, additional CHAP no...
Page 19 - About volume cache options; Using write-back or write-through caching
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 19 About volume cache options You can set options that optimize reads and writes performed for each volume. Using write-back or write-through caching NOTE: Only disable write-back caching if you fully understand how the host operating syste...
Page 20 - About the Snapshot feature
20 Getting started • The Maximum option lets the controller dynamically calculate the maximum read-ahead cache size for the volume. For example, if a single volume exists, this setting enables the controller to use nearly half the memory for read-ahead cache. Only use Maximum when disk latencies mus...
Page 21 - About the Volume Copy feature
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 21 The snapshot service has two features for reverting data back to original data: • Deleting only modified data on a snapshot. For snapshots that have been made accessible as read-write, you can delete just the modified (write) data that w...
Page 25 - About size representations
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 25 About size representations In SMU panels, parameters such as names of users and volumes have a maximum length in bytes. ASCII characters are 1 byte; most Latin (Western European) characters with diacritics are 2 bytes; most Asian charact...
Page 27 - About data protection in a single-controller storage system
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 27 About data protection in a single-controller storage system A 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array storage system can be purchased or operated with a single controller. Because single-controller mode is not a redundant configuration, this section...
Page 29 - Configuring the system; Using the Configuration Wizard; Step 1: Starting the wizard; Step 3: Configuring network ports; To use DHCP to obtain IP values for network ports; Step 4: Enabling system-management services
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 29 2 Configuring the system Using the Configuration Wizard The Configuration Wizard helps you initially configure the system or change system configuration settings. The wizard has several steps, which are highlighted at the bottom of the p...
Page 30 - To change management interface settings; Step 5: Setting system information; Step 6: Configuring event notification
30 Configuring the system • File Transfer Protocol (FTP). A secondary interface for installing firmware updates, downloading logs, and installing a license. • Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Used for remote monitoring of the system through your network. • Service Interface. Used for techn...
Page 31 - Step 7: Configuring host ports; To change FC host-interface settings
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 31 3. Click Next to continue. Step 7: Configuring host ports In order for hosts to properly access the system, you must configure the system's host-interface options.For FC ports you can set these options: • Speed can be set to auto, which ...
Page 32 - To change iSCSI host-interface settings; Step 8: Confirming configuration changes; Installing a license; To view information about system licenses
32 Configuring the system To change iSCSI host-interface settings 1. For each iSCSI port, set the IP address, netmask, and gateway. 2. For all iSCSI ports, set the authentication, jumbo frames, link speed, and iSNS options. 3. Click Next to continue. Step 8: Confirming configuration changes Confirm ...
Page 33 - To install a permanent license; Configuring system services; Changing management interface settings
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 33 To install a permanent license 1. Ensure that:• The license file is saved to a network location that SMU can access.• You are signed into the controller enclosure that the file was generated for. 2. In the Configuration View panel, right...
Page 34 - Configuring email notification; To configure email notification of events; Configuring SNMP notification; To configure SNMP notification of events; Configuring user accounts; Adding users; To add a user
34 Configuring the system Configuring email notification To configure email notification of events 1. In the Configuration View panel, right-click the system and select Configuration > Services > Email Notification . 2. In the main panel, set the options:• Notification Level. Select the minimu...
Page 35 - Modifying users; To modify a user
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 35 • User Type. Select Standard to allow access to standard functions, or Advanced to allow access to all functions except diagnostic functions, or Diagnostic to allow access to all functions. NOTE: This release has no functions that requir...
Page 36 - Removing users; To remove a user; Configuring system settings; Changing the system date and time; To use manual date and time settings
36 Configuring the system • Temperature Preference. Specifies to use either the Celsius scale or the Fahrenheit scale for temperature values. • Auto Sign Out. Select the amount of time that the user's session can be idle before the user is automatically signed out: 5, 15, or 30 minutes, or Never (99...
Page 37 - Changing host interface settings; To change FC host interface settings; To change iSCSI host interface settings
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 37 Changing host interface settings In order for hosts to properly access the system, you must configure the system's host-interface options. There are options for FC and iSCSI ports but not for SAS ports. To change FC host interface settin...
Page 38 - Changing network interface settings; Setting system information; To set system information
38 Configuring the system • Link Speed. Sets the link speed to auto, which allows the system to negotiate the proper speed, or forces it to 1 Gbit/sec (1g). The default is auto. • iSNS. Enables or disables registration with a specified Internet Storage Name Service server, which provides name-to-IP-...
Page 39 - Configuring advanced settings; Changing disk settings; Configuring SMART; To change the SMART setting; Configuring dynamic spares; To change the dynamic spares setting; Configuring the EMP polling rate; To change the EMP polling rate
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 39 Configuring advanced settings Changing disk settings Configuring SMART Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART) provides data that enables you to monitor disks and analyze why a disk failed. When SMART is enabled, the sy...
Page 40 - Changing cache settings; Changing the synchronize-cache mode; To change the synchronize-cache mode; Changing the missing LUN response; To change the missing LUN response; Controlling host access to the system's write-back cache setting; To change host access to the write-back cache setting
40 Configuring the system Changing cache settings Changing the synchronize-cache mode You can control how the storage system handles the SCSI SYNCHRONIZE CACHE command. Typically you can use the default setting. However, if the system has performance problems or problems writing to databases or othe...
Page 41 - Changing auto-write-through cache triggers and behaviors; To change auto-write-through cache triggers and behaviors; Configuring partner firmware update; To change the partner firmware update setting; Configuring system utilities; Configuring background scrub
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 41 Changing auto-write-through cache triggers and behaviors You can set conditions that cause (“trigger”) a controller to change the cache mode from write-back to write-through, as described in About volume cache options on page 19. You can...
Page 42 - To change the background scrub setting; Configuring utility priority; To change the utility priority; Configuring a vdisk; Managing dedicated spares; To change a vdisk's spares
42 Configuring the system TIP: If you choose to disable background scrub, you can still scrub selected vdisks by using Media Scrub Vdisk. To change the background scrub setting 1. In the Configuration View panel, right-click the system and select Configuration > Advanced Settings > System Util...
Page 43 - Changing a vdisk's name; To change a vdisk's name; Changing a vdisk's owner; To change a vdisk's owner; Configuring a volume; Changing a volume's name or OpenVMS UID; To change a volume's name
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 43 Changing a vdisk's name To change a vdisk's name 1. In the Configuration View panel, right-click a vdisk and select Configuration > Modify Vdisk Name . The main panel shows the vdisk's name. 2. Enter a new name. A vdisk name is case s...
Page 44 - Changing a volume's cache settings; To change a volume's cache settings
44 Configuring the system Changing a volume's cache settings CAUTION:• Only disable write-back caching if you fully understand how the host operating system, application, and adapter move data. If used incorrectly, you might hinder system performance. • Only change read-ahead cache settings if you f...
Page 45 - Provisioning the system; Using the Provisioning Wizard; Step 2: Specifying the vdisk name and RAID level; To create a vdisk
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 45 3 Provisioning the system Using the Provisioning Wizard The Provisioning Wizard helps you create a vdisk with volumes and to map the volumes to hosts. The wizard has several steps, which are highlighted at the bottom of the panel as you ...
Page 46 - Step 3: Selecting disks; To select disks and spares; Step 4: Defining volumes; To define volumes; Step 5: Setting the default mapping; To specify the default mapping
46 Provisioning the system Step 3: Selecting disks Select disks to include in the vdisk. The Disk Selection Sets table has one row for each sub-vdisk in a RAID-10 or RAID-50 vdisk, or a single row for a vdisk having another RAID level. The table also has a SPARE row where you can assign dedicated pa...
Page 47 - Step 6: Confirming vdisk settings; Creating a vdisk; Deleting vdisks; To delete vdisks
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 47 4. Select the access level that hosts will have to the volumes: read-write, read-only, or no-access (masked). 5. Click Next to continue. Step 6: Confirming vdisk settings Confirm that the values listed in the wizard panel are correct. • ...
Page 48 - Expanding a vdisk; Before expanding a vdisk; To expand a vdisk; Managing global spares; To change the system's global spares
48 Provisioning the system Expanding a vdisk You can expand the capacity of a vdisk by adding disks to it. Host I/O to the vdisk can continue while the expansion proceeds. You can then create or expand a volume to use the new free space, which becomes available when the expansion is complete. You ca...
Page 49 - Creating a volume set; To create a volume set; Creating a volume; To create a volume in a vdisk
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 49 Creating a volume set In a vdisk that has sufficient free space, you can create multiple volumes with the same base name, size, and default mapping settings. To create a volume set 1. In the Configuration View panel, right-click a vdisk ...
Page 50 - Deleting volumes; To delete volumes; Changing a volume's default mapping; To view the default mapping
50 Provisioning the system Deleting volumes CAUTION: Deleting a volume removes its mappings and deletes its data. To delete volumes 1. Verify that hosts are not accessing the volumes that you want to delete. 2. In the Configuration View panel, either:• Right-click the system or Vdisks or a vdisk and...
Page 51 - Changing a volume's explicit mappings; To view volume mappings; Expanding a volume; To expand a volume
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 51 Changing a volume's explicit mappings CAUTION: Volume mapping changes take effect immediately. Make changes that limit access to volumes when the volumes are not in use. Be sure to unmount a mapped volume from a host system before changi...
Page 52 - Creating multiple snapshots; To create multiple snapshots; Creating a snapshot; To create a snapshot now
52 Provisioning the system Creating multiple snapshots You can select multiple volumes and immediately create a snapshot of each volume. To create multiple snapshots 1. In the Configuration View panel, right-click the system or Vdisks or a vdisk and then select Provisioning > Create Snapshots . 2...
Page 53 - Deleting a snapshot; To delete a snapshot; Resetting a snapshot; To reset a snapshot now
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 53 Deleting a snapshot When you delete a snapshot, all data uniquely associated with that snapshot is deleted and associated space in the snap pool is freed for use. Snapshots can be deleted in any order, irrespective of the order in which ...
Page 54 - Creating a volume copy; To create a volume copy now; To schedule a volume copy task
54 Provisioning the system Creating a volume copy With the appropriate license, you can copy a volume or a snapshot to a new standard volume. The destination volume must be in a vdisk owned by the same controller as the source volume. If the source volume is a snapshot, you can choose whether to inc...
Page 55 - Aborting a volume copy; To abort a volume copy; Rolling back a volume
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 55 • With Modified Data . If the source volume is a snapshot, select this option to include the snapshot’s modified data in the copy. Otherwise, the copy will contain only the data that existed when the snapshot was created. • Start Schedul...
Page 56 - To roll back a volume; Adding a host; To add a host; Removing hosts; To remove hosts
56 Provisioning the system To roll back a volume 1. Unmount the volume from hosts. 2. If the roll back will include snapshot modified data, unmount the snapshot from hosts. 3. In the Configuration View panel, right-click a volume and select Provisioning > Roll Back Volume . 4. In the main panel, ...
Page 57 - Changing a host's name; To change a host's name; Changing host mappings; To view host mappings
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 57 Changing a host's name To change a host's name 1. In the Configuration View panel, right-click a host and select Provisioning > Rename Host . 2. Enter a new name that helps you easily identify the host; for example, MailServer_P1. A h...
Page 58 - Configuring CHAP; To add or modify a CHAP entry; Deleting schedules; To delete task schedules
58 Provisioning the system Configuring CHAP For iSCSI, you can use Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) to perform authentication between the initiator and target of a login request.To perform this identification, a database of CHAP entries must exist on each device. Each CHAP entry ca...
Page 59 - Using system tools; Updating firmware; Updating controller module firmware; To update controller module firmware; Updating expansion module firmware
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 59 4 Using system tools Updating firmware You can view the current versions of firmware in controller modules, expansion modules (in drive enclosures), and disks, and install new versions. TIP: To ensure success of an online update, select ...
Page 60 - To update expansion module firmware; Updating disk firmware; To update disk firmware
60 Using system tools To update expansion module firmware 1. Obtain the appropriate firmware file and download it to your computer or network. 2. Stop I/O to vdisks before starting the firmware update. 3. In the Configuration View panel, right-click the system and select Tools > Update Firmware ....
Page 61 - Saving logs; To save logs; Resetting a host port; To reset a host port
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 61 7. If the updated disks must be power cycled: a. Shut down both controllers; see Restarting or shutting down controllers on page 62. b. Power cycle all enclosures as described in your product’s user guide. NOTE: If you loaded firmware to...
Page 62 - Rescanning disk channels; To rescan disk channels; Clearing disk metadata; To clear metadata from leftover disks; Restarting
62 Using system tools Rescanning disk channels A rescan forces a rediscovery of disks and enclosures in the storage system. If two Storage Controllers are online, rescan also reassigns the enclosure IDs of attached enclosures based on controller A's enclosure cabling order. A manual rescan may be ne...
Page 63 - To perform a restart; Shutting down; To perform a shut down
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 63 To perform a restart 1. In the Configuration View panel, right-click the local system and select Configuration > Shut Down or Restart Controller. 2. In the main panel, set the options: • Select the Restart operation. • Select the type...
Page 64 - Verifying a vdisk; To verify a vdisk; Scrubbing a vdisk; To scrub a vdisk
64 Using system tools Verifying a vdisk If you suspect that a redundant (mirror or parity) vdisk has a problem, you can run the Verify utility to check the vdisk's integrity. For example, if the storage system was operating outside the normal temperature range, you might want to verify its vdisks. T...
Page 65 - Removing a vdisk from quarantine; To remove a vdisk from quarantine
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 65 Removing a vdisk from quarantine A previously fault-tolerant vdisk becomes quarantined when not all of its disks are detected after a restart or rescan. A quarantined vdisk is shown with health Critical and status QTCR or QTOF. Quarantin...
Page 67 - Viewing system status; Viewing information about the system; System properties
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 67 5 Viewing system status Viewing information about the system In the Configuration View panel, right-click the system and select View > Overview . The System Overview table shows: • The system’s health: OK. The system is operating norm...
Page 68 - Snapshot properties; Schedule properties; Viewing the system event log
68 Viewing system status Snapshot properties When you select the Snapshots component a table shows each snapshot's name, serial number, source volume, snap-pool name, amounts of snap data, unique data, and shared data, and vdisk name. • Snap data is the total amount of data associated with the speci...
Page 69 - Viewing information about all vdisks
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 69 NOTE: If you are having a problem with the system or a vdisk, check the event log before calling technical support. Event messages might enable you to resolve the problem. When reviewing events, do the following: 1. For any critical or w...
Page 70 - Viewing information about a vdisk; Vdisk properties
70 Viewing system status • Current Owner. Either the preferred owner during normal operation or the partner controller when the preferred owner is offline. • Disks. • Spares. Viewing information about a vdisk In the Configuration View panel, right-click a vdisk and select View > Overview . The Vd...
Page 71 - Disk properties
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 71 • OFFL: The vdisk is offline because it is using offline initialization, or because disks are down and data may be lost. • QTCR: The vdisk is in a critical state and has been quarantined because some disks are missing.• QTOF: The vdisk i...
Page 72 - Viewing information about a volume; Volume properties
72 Viewing system status Volume properties When you select the Volumes component, the Volumes table shows: • The volume’s name, serial number, and size • The name of the vdisk containing the volume Snap-pool properties When you select the Snap Pools component, the Snap Pools table shows: • The snap ...
Page 73 - Viewing information about a snapshot
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 73 Schedule properties If any schedules exist for this volume, when you select the Schedules component, the Schedules table shows information about each schedule. For the selected schedule, the Schedule Details table shows: • Schedule Name....
Page 74 - Viewing information about all hosts; Viewing information about a host
74 Viewing system status Mapping properties When you select the Maps component, the Maps for Volume table shows: • Type. Explicit or Default. Settings for an explicit mapping override the default mapping. • Host ID. WWPN or IQN. • Name. Host name. • Ports. Controller host ports through which the vol...
Page 75 - Host properties; Viewing information about an enclosure
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 75 Host properties When you select the Host component, the Properties for Host table shows: • Host ID. WWPN or IQN. • Name. • Discovered. If the host was discovered and its entry was automatically created, Yes. If the host entry was manuall...
Page 77 - SNMP reference; Standard MIB-II behavior; Enterprise traps
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 77 A SNMP reference This appendix describes the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) capabilities that 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array storage systems support. This includes standard MIB-II, the FibreAlliance SNMP Management Information Ba...
Page 78 - FA MIB 2.2 SNMP behavior
78 SNMP reference FA MIB 2.2 SNMP behavior The FA MIB 2.2 objects are in compliance with the FibreAlliance MIB v2.2 Specification (FA MIB2.2 Spec). For a full description of this MIB, go to: http://www.emc.com/microsites/fibrealliance . FA MIB 2.2 is a subset of FA MIB 4.0, which is included with HP...
Page 83 - External details for certain FA MIB 2.2 objects; External details for connUnitRevsTable
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 83 External details for certain FA MIB 2.2 objects Tables in this section specify values for certain objects described in Table 10 . External details for connUnitRevsTable trapRegRowState Specifies the state of the row • READ: rowActive[3] ...
Page 84 - External details for connUnitSensorTable
84 SNMP reference External details for connUnitSensorTable Table 12 connUnitSensorTable index, name, type, and characteristic values connUnitSensorIndex connUnitSensorName connUnitSensorType connUnitSensor Characteristic 1 CPU Temperature (Controller A) board [8] temperature[3] 2 CPU Temperature (Co...
Page 85 - External details for connUnitPortTable; Configuring SNMP event notification in SMU; SNMP management; Enterprise trap MIB
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 85 External details for connUnitPortTable Configuring SNMP event notification in SMU 1. Verify that the storage system’s SNMP service is enabled; see Changing management interface settings on page 33. 2. Configure and enable SNMP traps; see...
Page 107 - Using FTP to download logs and update firmware; Downloading system logs; To download logs to a file
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 107 C Using FTP to download logs and update firmware Although SMU is the preferred interface for downloading logs, updating firmware, and installing a license, you can also use FTP to do these tasks. Downloading system logs To help service ...
Page 110 - To prepare for update
110 Using FTP to download logs and update firmware Updating disk firmware You can update disk firmware by loading a firmware file obtained from the HP web download site, http://www.hp.com/go/msa , or from the disk manufacturer. To install an HP ROM Flash Component or firmware Smart Component, follow...
Page 111 - Installing a license file
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 111 6. Quit the FTP session. 7. If the updated disks must be power cycled: a. Shut down both controllers by using SMU. b. Power cycle all enclosures as described in your product’s user guide. NOTE: If you loaded firmware to a Seagate 750-Gb...
Page 113 - Glossary
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 113 Glossary CHAP Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol. chunk size The amount of contiguous data that is written to a vdisk member before moving to the next member of the vdisk. dedicated spare A disk that is reserved for use by a sp...
Page 115 - Index; Symbols
HP StorageWorks 2000 G2 Modular Smart Array Reference Guide 115 Index Symbols * (asterisk) in option name 14 A asterisk (*) in option name 14 audience 11 B browser buttons to avoid 14 setup 13 bytes versus characters 25 C cache configuring auto-write-through triggers and behaviors 41 configuring hos...
