Page 2 - Description of Change
Highlights Page 1 of 1 August 2003 HoneywellAerospace Electronic SystemsCES–PhoenixP.O. Box 21111Phoenix, Arizona 85036–1111U.S.A. TO: HOLDERS OF THE PRIMUS R 660 DIGITAL WEATHER RADAR SYSTEM PILOT’S MANUAL, HONEYWELL PUB.NO. A28–1146–111 REVISION NO. 3 DATED AUGUST 2003 HIGHLIGHTS Pages that have b...
Page 4 - PROPRIETARY NOTICE
ASSOCIATE MEMBER Member of GAMA General Aviation Manufacturer’s Association E PRIMUS and LASEREF are U.S. registered trademarks of HoneywellDATA NAV is a U.S. trademarks of Honeywell E 2003 Honeywell International Inc. PROPRIETARY NOTICE This document and the information disclosed herein are proprie...
Page 5 - Record of Revisions
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 3 RR–1/(RR–2 blank) Record of Revisions Record of Revisions Upon receipt of a revision, insert the latest revised pages and disposeof superseded pages. Enter revision number and date, insertion date,and the incorporator ’s initials on the Re...
Page 6 - Record of Temporary Revisions
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 RTR–1/(RTR–2 blank) Record of Temporary Revisions Record of Temporary Revisions Upon receipt of a temporary revision, insert the yellow temporaryrevision pages according to the filing instructions on each page. Then,enter the temporary revi...
Page 7 - List of Effective Pages
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 3 LEP–1 List of Effective Pages List of Effective Pages Original 0 . . . . Feb 1998 Revision 1 . . . . Aug 1999 Revision 2 . . . . Dec 1999 Revision 3 . . . . Aug 2003 Subheading and Page Revision Subheading and Page Revision Title Page H 3 ...
Page 10 - Table of Contents; Section
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 Table of Contents TC–1 Table of Contents Section Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS 2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. OPERATING CONTROLS 3-1 . . . . . . . . . ....
Page 12 - A FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA); B ENHANCED GROUND–PROXIMITY WARNING; List of Illustrations; Figure
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 Table of Contents TC–3 Table of Contents (cont) A FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA) ADVISORY CIRCULARS ( CONT ) Subject: Thunderstorms A–3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purpose A–3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
Page 15 - List of Tables; Table
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Table of ContentsTC–6 Table of Contents (cont) List of Illustrations (cont) Figure Page B–1 EHSI Display Over KPHX Airport With the EGPWS Display B–5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–2 EGPWS Test Display B–6 . . . ...
Page 17 - Introduction; The PRIMUS; WARNING; 60 Digital Weather Radar System.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 1-1 Introduction 1. Introduction The PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System is a lightweight, X–band digital radar with alphanumerics designed for weather detection(WX) and ground mapping (GMAP). The primary purpose of the system is to d...
Page 19 - System Configurations
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 2-1 System Configurations 2. System Configurations The PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System can be operated in many configurations to display weather or ground mapping informationon a radar indicator, electronic flight instrument syste...
Page 20 - PRIMUS
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 System Configurations2-2 NOTES: 1. When WAIT, SECTOR SCAN, or FORCED STANDBYare activated, the radar operates as if in singlecontroller configuration. This is an exception to theability of each pilot to independently select modes. 2. In th...
Page 22 - Weather Radar Indicator
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 System Configurations2-4 Equipment covered in this manual is listed in table 2–2 and shown infigure 2–2. Model Unit Part No. Cockpit Mounted Options WI–650/660 Weather Radar Indicator 7007700–VAR WC–660 Weather Radar Controller 7008471–VAR...
Page 23 - Typical PRIMUS
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 2-5/(2-6 blank) System Configurations WC–660 WEATHER RADAR CONTROLLER WI–650/660 WEATHER RADAR INDICATOR WU–660 RECEIVER/ TRANSMITTER/ANTENNA AD–51768@ Typical PRIMUS R 660 Weather Radar Components Figure 2–2
Page 24 - Operating Controls; WC–660 Weather Radar Controller.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 3-1 Operating Controls 3. Operating Controls There are two basic controllers that are described in this section. Theyare (in order of description): WI–650/660 Weather Radar Indicator WC–660 Weather Radar Controller. WI–650/660 WEATHER RADAR...
Page 25 - WI–650/660 Weather Radar Indicator Front Panel View; Alphanumerics are white, and WX is displayed in the mode field.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Operating Controls3-2 WI–650/660 Weather Radar Indicator Front Panel View Figure 3–2 1 WX (WEATHER) The WX button is used to select the weather mode of operation. WhenWX is pushed, the system is fully operational and all internalparameters...
Page 27 - on each side of the aircraft heading. If a return; Selected Range
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Operating Controls3-4 4 TGT (TARGET) The TGT button is an alternate–action switch that enables anddisables the radar target alert feature. Target alert is selectable in all butthe 300–mile range. When selected, target alert monitors beyond...
Page 28 - DISPLAY AREA; A rotary switch is used to select the following functions:; OFF– This position turns off the radar system.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 3-5 Operating Controls 5 DISPLAY AREA See figure 3–3 and the associated text that explains the alphanumericdisplay. AD–51771@ WI–650/660 Weather Radar Indicator Display Screen Features Figure 3–3 6 FUNCTION SWITCH A rotary switch is used to...
Page 29 - Rainfall Rate
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Operating Controls3-6 ON – Places the system in the operational mode selected by the WXor MAP (GMP) button. When WX is selected, the system is fullyoperational and all internal parameters are set for enroute weatherdetection. The alphanume...
Page 30 - of the aircraft heading. No radar
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 3-7 Operating Controls The TGT alert mode can be used in the FP mode. With target alerton and the FP mode selected, the target alert armed annunciation(green TGT) is displayed. The RTA searches for a hazardoustarget from 5 to 55 miles and ±...
Page 31 - GAIN; TILT; ccw rotation tilts beam downward to –15
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Operating Controls3-8 7 GAIN The GAIN knob is a single–turn rotary control and push/pull switch thatis used to control the receiver gain. Push in on the GAIN switch to enterthe system into the preset calibrated gain mode. Calibrated gain i...
Page 32 - OFF – This position removes all power from the LSS.; scan or the faster update 24; RANGE
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 3-9 Operating Controls 9 BRT (Brightness) or BRT/LSS (Lightning Sensor System) The BRT knob is a single–turn control that adjusts the brightness of thedisplay. CW rotation increases display brightness and ccw rotationdecreases brightness. A...
Page 33 - WC–660 WEATHER RADAR CONTROLLER OPERATION; WC–660 Weather Radar Controller Configurations
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Operating Controls3-10 WC–660 WEATHER RADAR CONTROLLER OPERATION The controls and display features of the WC–660 Weather RadarController are indexed and identified in figure 3–4. Brightness levels forall legends and controls on the indicat...
Page 34 - This switch position turns on RCT.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 3-11 Operating Controls 1 RANGE The RANGE switches are two momentary contact buttons that are usedto select the operating range of the radar (and LSS if installed). Thesystem permits selection of ranges in WX mode from 5 to 300 NM fullscale...
Page 35 - on each side of the aircraft heading. If a return with certain
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Operating Controls3-12 4 TGT (TARGET) The TGT switch is an alternate–action, button that enables and disablesthe radar target alert feature. Target alert is selectable in all but the300–mile range. When selected, target alert monitors beyo...
Page 36 - ccw rotation tilts beam downward 0; OFF – In this position all power is removed from the LSS.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 3-13 Operating Controls 6 TILT The TILT knob is a rotary control that is used to select the tilt angle ofantenna beam with relation to the horizon. CW rotation tilts beam upward0 to 15 ; ccw rotation tilts beam downward 0 to –15 . The range...
Page 37 - RADAR
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Operating Controls3-14 9 RADAR This rotary switch is used to select one of the following functions. OFF – This position turns off the radar system. STBY (Standby) – This position places the radar system instandby; a ready state, with the a...
Page 38 - When displaying checklist, the TGT function is inoperative.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 3-15 Operating Controls As a constant reminder that GMAP is selected, the GMAP legend isdisplayed in the mode field, and the color scheme is changed to cyan,yellow, and magenta. Cyan represents the least reflective return,yellow is a modera...
Page 41 - Normal Operation; PRELIMINARY CONTROL SETTINGS; Table 4–1 gives the power–up procedure for the PRIMUS; Step; Preset Position
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 4-1 Normal Operation 4. Normal Operation PRELIMINARY CONTROL SETTINGS Table 4–1 gives the power–up procedure for the PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System. Step Procedure 1 Verify that the system controls are in the positionsdescribed b...
Page 42 - OUTPUT POWER IS RADIATED IN TEST MODE.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Normal Operation4-2 Step Procedure 5 When power is first applied, the radar is in WAIT forapproximately 90 seconds to allow the magnetron to warmup. Power interruptions lasting less than 3 seconds resultin a 6–second wait period. NOTE: If ...
Page 43 - Scan Shown
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 4-3 Normal Operation AD–51774@ VOR1 VOR2 TEST+11 HDG 319 2515 DTRK 315 GSPD MAG1 321 TGT FMS1 130 NM V 260 KTS 50 GRAY MAGENTA BLUE WX RANGE ANNUNCIATOR (WHITE) P660 WX MODE ANNUNCIATIONS RED WX RANGE RINGS (WHITE) TGT OR VAR ANNUNCIATOR : ...
Page 44 - Standby
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Normal Operation4-4 NOTES: 1. Refer to the specific EFIS manual for a detaileddescription. 2. The example shown is for installations with TEXTFAULT disabled. Standby When Standby is selected, and the radar is not in dual control mode(refer...
Page 45 - of the aircraft centerline.; Radar Mode – Ground Mapping
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 4-5 Normal Operation In the absence of intervening targets, the range at which the cyan fieldstarts is approximately 290 NM with a 12–inch antenna. For the 18–inchantenna, the cyan field starts beyond 300 NM and therefore is not seenif ther...
Page 46 - Test Mode; - TEXT FAULT – A plain English text indicating the failure is placed
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Normal Operation4-6 Test Mode The PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System has a self–test mode and a maintenance function. In the self–test (TST) mode a special test pattern is displayed asillustrated earlier in this section. The functio...
Page 47 - Radar Facts; RADAR OPERATION
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-1 Radar Facts 5. Radar Facts RADAR OPERATION The PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar works on an echo principle. The radar sends out short bursts of electromagnetic energy that travelthrough space as a radio wave. When the traveling wave o...
Page 48 - Positional Relationship of an Airplane and
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-2 AD–12055–R2@ 40 20 100 WX AIRCRAFT HEADING 80 60 +0.6 Positional Relationship of an Airplane and Storm Cells Ahead as Displayed on Indicator Figure 5–1 The drawing is laid out to simulate the face of the indicator with these...
Page 49 - Antenna Beam Slicing Out Cross Section of Storm
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-3 Radar Facts SWEEP ORIGIN ANTENNA AD–17716–R2@ THUNDERSTORM THUNDERSTORM TRANSMITTER INDICATOR SCAN Antenna Beam Slicing Out Cross Section of Storm During Horizontal Scan Figure 5–2 Weather radar can occasionally detect other aircraft, b...
Page 50 - Sea Returns
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-4 When the antenna is tilted downward for ground mapping, twophenomena can occur that can confuse the pilot. The first is called ”TheGreat Plains Quadrant Effect” that is seen most often when flying overthe great plains of cen...
Page 51 - TILT MANAGEMENT; Radar Beam Illumination High Altitude
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-5 Radar Facts TILT MANAGEMENT The pilot can use tilt management techniques to minimize groundclutter when viewing weather targets. Assume the aircraft is flying over relatively smooth terrain that isequivalent to sea level in altitude. Th...
Page 52 - Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-6 Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude 12–Inch Radiator Figure 5–6 AD54258@ Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude 18–Inch Radiator Figure 5–7
Page 53 - When ground targets are displayed, move the tilt angle upward in 1
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-7 Radar Facts Tables 5–1 and 5–2 give the approximate tilt settings that the groundtargets begin to be displayed on the image periphery for 12– and18–inch radiators. The range that the ground targets can be observedis affected by the curv...
Page 54 - Approximate Tilt Setting for Minimal Ground Target Display
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-8 RANGE SCALE (NM) ALTITUDE (FEET) 25 50 100 200 300 LINE OF SIGHT (NM) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 +3 –0 +2 +2 +3 +3 +3 +2 +2 +2 +3 +3 +1 +2 0 +1 –1 +1 0 +1 +1 0 +1 –1 246 23...
Page 56 - Ideal Tilt Angle
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-10 Tilt management is often misunderstood. It is crucial to safe operationof airborne weather radar. If radar tilt angles are not properly managed,weather targets can be missed or underestimated. The upper levels of convective...
Page 57 - Convective Thunderstorms; Unaltered Tilt
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-11 Radar Facts D Convective thunderstorms become much less reflective above thefreezing level. This reflectivity decreases gradually over the first5000 to 10,000 feet above the freezing level, as shown in figure5–10. AD–35696@ FREEZING LE...
Page 58 - Proper Tilt Technique
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-12 D Proper tilt management demands that tilt be changed continuallywhen approaching hazardous weather so that ground targets arenot painted by the radar beam, as shown in figure 5–12. AD–35698@ FREEZINGLEVEL Proper Tilt Techn...
Page 59 - Fast Developing Thunderstorm; Low Altitude Tilt Management
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-13 Radar Facts D Under the right conditions, a dangerous thunder bumper candevelop in 10 minutes, and can in fact spawn and mature under theradar beam as the aircraft approaches it, as shown in figure 5–14. If flying at 400 kt groundspeed...
Page 60 - shown in figure 5–16.; Antenna Size and Impact on Tilt Management; look down angle looks down 100 ft per mile.; Rules of Thumb
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-14 D The antenna size used on the aircraft alters the best tilt settings byabout 1 _ . However, tilt management is the same for either size, as shown in figure 5–16. AD–46703@ Antenna Size and Impact on Tilt Management Figure ...
Page 61 - STABILIZATION; Several sources of error exist in any stabilization system.; Dynamic Error; can be detected and compensated. However, the point is; Accelerative Error; LASEREF
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-15 Radar Facts STABILIZATION The purpose of the stabilization system is to hold the elevation of theantenna beam relative to the earth’s surface constant at all azimuths,regardless of aircraft bank and pitch maneuvers. The stabilizationsy...
Page 62 - ) to reduce the effect of lateral; Antenna Mounting Error
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-16 A vertical gyroscope contains a gravity–sensitive element, aheavily dampened pendulous device that enables the gyro to erectitself to earth gravity at the rate of approximately 2 _ /min. The pendulous device is unable to di...
Page 63 - LEVEL FLIGHT STABILIZATION CHECK; Select the 50–mile range.; Stabilization in Straight and Level Flight Check Procedure
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-17 Radar Facts LEVEL FLIGHT STABILIZATION CHECK Check stabilization in level flight using the procedure in table 5–3. Step Procedure ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ 1 ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ Trim the aircraft for straight ...
Page 64 - Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Upper Right); wx; Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Upper Left)
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-18 AD–17721–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Upper Right) Figure 5–19 AD–17722–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Upper Left) Figure 5–20
Page 65 - Roll Gain Error; Place the aircraft in 20; Stabilization in Turns Check Procedure
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-19 Radar Facts Wallowing (Wing Walk and Yaw) Error A condition where the greatest intensity of ground targets wandersaround the screen over a period of several minutes should not beconfused with antenna mounting error. This phenomenon is ...
Page 66 - Symmetrical Ground Returns – Good Roll Stabilization; Understabilization in a Right Turn
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-20 Symmetrical Ground Returns – Good Roll Stabilization Figure 5–21 AD–17721–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Understabilization in a Right Turn Figure 5–22
Page 67 - Overstabilization in a Right Turn; Roll Stabilization Inoperative in a Turn
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-21 Radar Facts AD–17722–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Overstabilization in a Right Turn Figure 5–23 AD–17723–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Roll Stabilization Inoperative in a Turn Figure 5–24
Page 68 - Pitch Gain Error; PITCH STABILIZATION CHECK; Complete the steps listed in table 5–3.; Pitch Stabilization In–Flight Check Procedure
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-22 Pitch Gain Error If the aircraft is in a pitch maneuver and you see ground returns that arenot present in level flight, the pitch gain is most likely misadjusted. Theprocedure in table 5–5 and figures 5–25, 5–26, and 5–27 c...
Page 69 - Understabilized in Pitch–Up; Overstabilized in Pitch–Up
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-23 Radar Facts AD–53797@ 60 GMAP 40 20 100 80 Understabilized in Pitch–Up Figure 5–26 AD–53798@ 60 GMAP 40 20 100 80 Overstabilized in Pitch–Up Figure 5–27 Refer to Section 7, In–Flight Adjustments, for adjustment procedures.
Page 70 - INTERPRETING WEATHER RADAR IMAGES; Weather Radar Images
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-24 INTERPRETING WEATHER RADAR IMAGES From a weather standpoint, hail and turbulence are the principalobstacles to a safe and comfortable flight. Neither of these conditionsis directly visible on radar. The radar shows only the...
Page 71 - This meeting can form a thunderstorm.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-25 Radar Facts The following are some truths about weather and flying, as shown infigure 5–29. D Turbulence results when two air masses at different temperaturesand/or pressures meet. D This meeting can form a thunderstorm. D The thunders...
Page 72 - Radar and Visual Cloud Mass
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-26 RED LEVEL* NAUTICAL MILES RAINF ALL RA TE 60 80 40 20 0 VISIBLE CLOUD MASS RAIN AREA (ONLY THIS IS VISIBLE ON RADAR) RED ZONE WITHIN RAIN AREA AD–12057–R3@ Radar and Visual Cloud Mass Figure 5–29 As masses of warm, moist ai...
Page 73 - Squall Line
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-27 Radar Facts To find a safe and comfortable route through the precipitation area,study the radar image of the squall line while closing in on thethunderstorm area. In the example shown in figure 5–30, radarobservation shows that the rai...
Page 74 - WEATHER DISPLAY CALIBRATION; airborne radars and color families in a Nexrad display. To
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-28 WEATHER DISPLAY CALIBRATION Ground based Nexrad radars of the National Weather Service displayrainfall levels in dBZ, a decibel scaling of an arbitrary reflectivity factor(Z). The formula for determining dBZ is: dBZ = 16 lo...
Page 75 - Display Levels Related to dBZ Levels (Typical)
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-29 Radar Facts 300 NAUTICAL MILES DISPLAY LEVEL RAINFALL RATE MM/HR RAINFALL RATE IN./HR dBZ MAXIMUM CALIBRATE D RANGE (NM) 10–IN AND 12–IN FLAT–PLATE MAXIMUM CALIBRATE D RANGE (NM) 18–IN FLAT–PLATE MAXIMUM CALIBRATE D RANGE (NM) 24–IN FL...
Page 76 - VARIABLE GAIN CONTROL
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-30 VIP Level Rainfall rate in mm/hr Storm Category dBZ Level ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ 6 ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ Greater than 125 ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ Extreme ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ Greater than 57 ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ 5 ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ 50 – 125...
Page 79 - With REACT Selected
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-33 Radar Facts AD–51778–R1@ With REACT Selected AD–54262@ Without REACT REACT ON and OFF Indications Figure 5–31
Page 80 - Shadowing; DO NOT FLY INTO THE SHADOW BEHIND THE CELL.; Turbulence Probability
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-34 Shadowing An operating technique similar to the REACT blue field is shadowing.To use the shadowing technique, tilt the antenna down until ground isbeing painted just in front of the storm cell(s). An area of no groundreturn...
Page 81 - Probability of Turbulence Presence
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-35 Radar Facts Although penetrating a storm with a red (level three) core appears to bean acceptable risk, it is not. At the lower end of the red zone, there isno chance of extreme turbulence, a slight chance of severe turbulence,and a 40...
Page 82 - Turbulence levels are listed and described in table 5–8.; Turbulence Levels (From Airman’s Information Manual); Hail Size Probability
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-36 Turbulence levels are listed and described in table 5–8. INTENSITY AIRCRAFT REACTION REACTION INSIDE AIRCRAFT ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ LIGHT ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ Turbulence that moment...
Page 83 - Spotting Hail
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-37 Radar Facts RELA TIVE FREQUENCY 60% 40% 20% 0% 80% 100% 1/2” HAIL 1/4” HAIL 3/4” AND LAGER HAIL AD–15358–R1@ LEVEL 2 YELLOW LEVEL 3 RED LEVEL 4 MAGENTA Hail Size Probability Figure 5–33 Spotting Hail As previously stated, dry hail is a...
Page 84 - Rain Coming From Unseen Dry Hail; Familiar Hailstorm Patterns
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-38 Using a tilt setting that has the radar look into the area of maximumreflectivity (5000 to 20,000 ft) gives the strongest radar picture.However the tilt setting must not be left at this setting. Periodically, thepilot shoul...
Page 85 - . Assuming that a storm has dissipated during; Overshooting a Storm
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-39 Radar Facts The more that is learned about radar, the more the pilot is anall–important part of the system. The proper use of controls is essentialto gathering all pertinent weather data. The proper interpretation of thatdata (the disp...
Page 86 - to the right. Always switch to long range before entering such; Short– and Long–Blind Alley
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-40 Another example of the pilot’s importance in helping the radar serve itssafety/comfort purpose is shown in figure 5–37. This is the blind alleyor box canyon situation. Pilots can find themselves in this situation ifthey hab...
Page 87 - Azimuth Resolution; Azimuth Resolution in Weather Modes
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-41 Radar Facts Azimuth Resolution When two targets, such as storms, are closely adjacent at thesame range, the radar displays them as a single target, as shown infigure 5–38. However, as the aircraft approaches the targets, theyappear to ...
Page 88 - RADOME
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-42 RADOME Ice or water on the radome does not generally cause radar failure, butit hampers operation. The radome is constructed of materials that passthe radar energy with little attenuation. Ice or water increases theattenuat...
Page 89 - WEATHER AVOIDANCE; Weather Display; Severe Weather Avoidance Procedures
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-43 Radar Facts WEATHER AVOIDANCE Figure 5–39 illustrates a typical weather display in WX mode.Recommended procedures when using the radar for weatheravoidance are given in table 5–9. The procedures are given in bold face,explanations of t...
Page 92 - Three of the most common erratic motions are:; Right Turning Echo. This is the most frequently
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-46 Step Procedure ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ 10 (cont) ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ...
Page 94 - Typical Hook Pattern
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-48 N AD–15560–R1@ Typical Hook Pattern Figure 5–40 The hooks are located at the right rear side of the thunderstorm echo’sdirection of movement (usually the southwest quadrant). The hook is not the tornado echo! A small scale ...
Page 95 - AVOID V–NOTCH BY 20 MILES; echo movement; V–Notch Echo, Pendant Shape
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-49 Radar Facts AVOID V–NOTCH BY 20 MILES A large isolated echo sometimes has the configuration that is shownin figure 5–41. This echo is called V–notch or flying eagle althoughsome imagination may be needed by the reader to see the eagle....
Page 96 - AVOID PENDANT BY 20 MILES; Sixty percent produce funnel clouds or tornadoes.; STORM MOTION; The Classic Pendant Shape
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-50 AVOID PENDANT BY 20 MILES The pendant shape shown in figure 5–42, represents one of themost severe storms – the supercell. One study concluded that, insupercells: D The average maximum size of hail is over 2 inches (5.3 cm)...
Page 97 - AVOID STEEP RAIN GRADIENTS BY 20 MILES
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-51 Radar Facts AVOID STEEP RAIN GRADIENTS BY 20 MILES Figure 5–43 shows steep rain gradients. Refer to the paragraph,Interpreting Weather Radar Images, in this section, for a detailedexplanation of weather images. AD–51781–R1@ Rain Gradie...
Page 98 - Crescent Shape; Line Configurations
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-52 10 20 30 40 50 AD–22161–R1@ Crescent Shape Figure 5–44 Line Configurations AVOID THUNDERSTORM ECHOES AT THE SOUTH END OF ALINE OR AT A BREAK IN A LINE BY 20 MILES The echo at the south end of a line of echoes is often sever...
Page 99 - AVOID LINE ECHO WAVE PATTERNS (LEWP) BY 20 MILES
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-53 Radar Facts AVOID LINE ECHO WAVE PATTERNS (LEWP) BY 20 MILES One portion of a line can accelerate and cause the line toassume a wave–like configuration. Figure 5–45 is an example of anLEWP. The most severe weather is likely at S. LEWPs...
Page 100 - AVOID BOW–SHAPED LINE OF ECHOES BY 20 MILES
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-54 AVOID BOW–SHAPED LINE OF ECHOES BY 20 MILES Sometimes a fast moving, broken to solid thunderstorm line becomesbow–shaped, as shown in figure 5–46. Severe weather is mostlikely along the bulge and at the north end, but sever...
Page 101 - Additional Hazards; TURBULENCE VERSUS DISTANCE FROM STORM CORE
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-55 Radar Facts Additional Hazards TURBULENCE VERSUS DISTANCE FROM STORM CORE The stronger the return, the further the turbulence is encountered fromthe storm core at any altitude. Severe turbulence is often found in thetenuous anvil cloud...
Page 102 - GROUND MAPPING; Ground Mapping Display
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-56 GROUND MAPPING Ground mapping operation is selected with the GMAP button. Anexample of ground map display is shown in figure 5–47. Turn the TILTcontrol down until the desired amount of terrain is displayed. Thedegree of dow...
Page 103 - TILT Setting for Maximal Ground Target Display
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-57 Radar Facts RANGE SCALE (NM) ALTITUDE (FEET) 10 25 50 100 200 LINE OF SIGHT (NM) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 –5 –4 –13 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –5 –5 –5 –5 –6 –8 –6 –6 –5 –10 –7 –6 –11 –8 –6 ...
Page 105 - , the limit recommended; MPEL Boundary
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 3 6-1/(6-2 blank) Maximum Permissible Exposure Level (MPEL) 6. Maximum Permissible ExposureLevel (MPEL) Heating and radiation effects of weather radar can be hazardous to life.Personnel should remain at a distance greater than R from the rad...
Page 106 - PITCH AND ROLL TRIM ADJUSTMENTS; Trim
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 7-1 In–Flight Adjustments 7. In–Flight Adjustments PITCH AND ROLL TRIM ADJUSTMENTS The PRIMUS R 660 is delivered from the Honeywell factory or repair facility adjusted for correct pitch and roll stabilization and should beready for use. How...
Page 108 - Level Fight Stabilization Check; Select the 50–mile range and GMAP mode.
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 7-3 In–Flight Adjustments Level Fight Stabilization Check Follow the procedure in table 7–2 to determine if you need to performthe roll offset adjustment. Step Procedure ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ 1 ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ...
Page 109 - Symmetrical Ground Returns; Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Right)
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Adjustments7-4 Symmetrical Ground Returns Figure 7–1 AD–17721–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Right) Figure 7–2
Page 110 - Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Left); ROLL OFFSET ADJUSTMENT
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 7-5 In–Flight Adjustments AD–17722–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Left) Figure 7–3 ROLL OFFSET ADJUSTMENT You can make an in–flight adjustment when level flight stabilizationerrors are detected. This procedure...
Page 111 - and is adjustable by the GAIN knob.; In–Flight Roll Offset Adjustment Procedure
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Adjustments7-6 Step Procedure 4 Adjust the tilt down until a solid band of ground returns areshown on the screen. Then adjust the tilt until the greenregion of the ground returns start at about 40 NM. 5 Select STAB (STB) 4 times ...
Page 112 - Roll Offset Adjustment Display – Initial; Roll Offset Adjustment Display – Final
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 7-7 In–Flight Adjustments AD–51776@ WX Roll Offset Adjustment Display – Initial Figure 7–4 WX AD–51777–R1@ Roll Offset Adjustment Display – Final Figure 7–5
Page 113 - PITCH OFFSET ADJUSTMENT; Fly to an altitude of 10,000 feet AGL or greater.; Pitch Offset Adjustment Procedure
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Adjustments7-8 PITCH OFFSET ADJUSTMENT This in–flight adjustment is made in straight and level flight when theground returns do not follow the contours of the radar display rangearcs. The procedure is listed in table 7–4. Step Pr...
Page 114 - ROLL STABILIZATION CHECK; Roll Stabilization (While Turning) Check Procedure
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 7-9 In–Flight Adjustments ROLL STABILIZATION CHECK Once proper operation in level flight has been established, you canverify correct roll stabilization using the procedures in table 7–5. Step Procedure ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ 1 ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ...
Page 115 - Symmetrical Ground Returns, Level Flight; Understabilization in a Right Roll
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Adjustments7-10 Symmetrical Ground Returns, Level Flight and Good Roll Stabilization Figure 7–6 AD–17721–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Understabilization in a Right Roll Figure 7–7
Page 116 - Overstabilization in a Right Roll; ROLL GAIN ADJUSTMENT; Roll Gain Adjustment Procedure
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 7-11 In–Flight Adjustments AD–17722–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Overstabilization in a Right Roll Figure 7–8 ROLL GAIN ADJUSTMENT This in–flight adjustment is made in a bank when the ground returns donot remain symmetrical during turns. The proc...
Page 117 - While flying with a steady roll angle of at least 20
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Adjustments7-12 Step Procedure ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ 6 ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ From the roll offset entry menu, push the STAB (STB)button twice more to bring up the roll gain entry menu. ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ 7 ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ...
Page 119 - Understabilized in Pitch Up
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Adjustments7-14 60 WX 40 20 100 80 AD–53802@ Understabilized in Pitch Up Figure 7–10 Overstabilized in Pitch Up Figure 7–11
Page 120 - PITCH GAIN ADJUSTMENT; Pitch Gain Adjustment Procedure
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 7-15/(7-16 blank) In–Flight Adjustments PITCH GAIN ADJUSTMENT This in–flight adjustment is made in a bank when the ground returns donot follow the contours of the range arcs during turns. The procedureis listed in table 7–8. Step Procedure ...
Page 121 - In–Flight Troubleshooting
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 8-1 In–Flight Troubleshooting 8. In–Flight Troubleshooting The PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System can provide troubleshooting information on one of two formats: D Fault codes D Text faults. The selection is made at the time of instal...
Page 122 - TEST MODE WITH TEXT FAULTS ENABLED; Description; Pilot message; Fault Data Fields
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Troubleshooting8-2 TEST MODE WITH TEXT FAULTS ENABLED When airborne, if the radar is switched to TEST mode, any currentfaults are displayed. When on the ground (weight on wheels active) and the radar is switchedto TEST mode, any ...
Page 123 - Fault Annunciation on Weather Indicator
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 8-3 In–Flight Troubleshooting 100 60 40 20 TEST WEATHER INDICATOR 1 2 3 4 AD–46709@ PILOT MESSAGE FIELD FAULT CODE/ POWER ON COUNT TRANSMIT ON/OFF FAULTDISPLAYMESSAGEDIVIDER LINEMAINTENANCEMESSAGE FAULTNAME STRAPCODE 80 Fault Annunciation o...
Page 124 - Radar Indication With Text Fault Enabled (On Ground); PILOT EVENT MARKER; 60 System Description and
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Troubleshooting8-4 Radar Indication With Text Fault Enabled (On Ground) Figure 8–3 PILOT EVENT MARKER At any time a full set of BITE parameters can be recorded by going inand out of variable gain four times (pull GAIN knob for VA...
Page 125 - FAULT CODE AND TEXT FAULT RELATIONSHIPS; Table 8–2 lists the relationship between:; Text Faults
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 8-5 In–Flight Troubleshooting FAULT CODE AND TEXT FAULT RELATIONSHIPS Table 8–2 lists the relationship between: D Fault codes (FC) D Pilot/Maintenance (MAINT) Messages D Fault Name/type/description/cross reference (XREF). FC XREF FAULT DESC...
Page 128 - Table 8–3 describes the pilot messages.; Pilot MSG; Pilot Messages
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Troubleshooting8-8 Table 8–3 describes the pilot messages. Pilot MSG Description ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ RADAR FAIL ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ The radar is currently inoperable and should not berelied upon. I...
Page 129 - Honeywell Product Support
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 9-1 Honeywell Product Support 9. Honeywell Product Support Honeywell SPEX R program for corporate operators provides an extensive exchange and rental service that complements a worldwidenetwork of support centers. An inventory of more than ...
Page 130 - 4–HOUR EXCHANGE/RENTAL SUPPORT CENTERS
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Honeywell Product Support9-2 The Honeywell Support Centers listed below will assist with processingexchange/rental orders. 24–HOUR EXCHANGE/RENTAL SUPPORT CENTERS U.S.A. – DALLAS 800–872–7739972–402–4300 CANADA – OTTAWA 800–267–9947613–728...
Page 131 - CUSTOMER SUPPORT CENTERS – NORTH AMERICA (; CUSTOMER SUPPORT CENTERS – REST OF THE WORLD
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 9-3 Honeywell Product Support CUSTOMER SUPPORT CENTERS – NORTH AMERICA ( CONT ) ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ Miami Support CenterHoneywell Inc.Commercial Aviation Systems7620 N.W. 25th ...
Page 132 - PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION; Additional copies of this manual can be obtained by contacting:; E–MAIL
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Honeywell Product Support9-4 PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION Additional copies of this manual can be obtained by contacting: Honeywell Inc.P.O. Box 29000Business and Commuter Aviation SystemsPhoenix, Arizona 85038–9000Attention: Publicati...
Page 133 - TERMS
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 10-1 Abbreviations 10. Abbreviations Abbreviations used in this manual are defined as follows: TERMS DEFINITION AC Advisory Circular ADC Air Data Computer AFC Automatic Flight Control AGC Automatic Gain Control AGL Above Ground Level AHRS A...
Page 136 - Federal Aviation Administration
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 A–1 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circulars Appendix A Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circulars NOTE: This section contains a word–for–word transcription of thecontents of the following FAA advisory circular...
Page 137 - Precautions; GENERAL
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory CircularsA–2 Precautions Management and supervisory personnel should establish proceduresfor advising personnel of dangers from operating airborne weatherradars on the ground. Precautionary si...
Page 138 - COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS; SUBJECT: THUNDERSTORMS
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 A–3 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circulars COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS To prevent possible fuel ignition, an insulated airborne weather radarshould not be operated while an aircraft is being refueled or defueled. M.C. BeardDirec...
Page 139 - Hazards; SQUALL LINES
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory CircularsA–4 Hazards A thunderstorm packs just about every weather hazard known toaviation into one vicious bundle. Although the hazards occur innumerous combinations, let us look at the most ...
Page 140 - C, much of the remaining water
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 A–5 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circulars TURBULENCE D Potentially hazardous turbulence is present in all thunderstorms,and a severe thunderstorm can destroy an aircraft. Strongestturbulence within the cloud occurs with s...
Page 141 - Schematic Cross Section of a Thunderstorm; As hailstones fall through air whose temperature is above 0
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory CircularsA–6 0 5 10 15 COLD Schematic Cross Section of a Thunderstorm Figure A–1 HAIL D Hail competes with turbulence as the greatest thunderstorm hazardto aircraft. Supercooled drops above th...
Page 142 - LOW CEILING AND VISIBILITY
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 A–7 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circulars LOW CEILING AND VISIBILITY Generally, visibility is near zero within a thunderstorm cloud. Ceiling andvisibility may also be restricted in precipitation and dust between thecloud ...
Page 143 - DO’S AND DON’TS OF THUNDERSTORM FLYING
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory CircularsA–8 The National Weather Service (NWS) radar observer is able toobjectively determine storm intensity levels with VIP equipment. Theseradar echo intensity levels are on a scale of one...
Page 145 - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURBULENCE AND REFLECTIVITY
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory CircularsA–10 D If using airborne radar, tilt the antenna up and down occasionally.This will permit you to detect other thunderstorm activity at altitudesother than the one being flown. Follow...
Page 147 - TURBULENCE ABOVE STORM TOPS
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory CircularsA–12 TURBULENCE ABOVE STORM TOPS Flight data shows a relationship between turbulence above storm topsand the airspeed of upper tropospheric winds. WHEN THE WINDS ATSTORM TOP EXCEED 10...
Page 148 - EXTRAPOLATION TO DIFFERENT CLIMBS
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 A–13/(A–14 blank) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circulars MODIFICATION OF CRITERIA WHEN SEVERE STORMS ANDRAPID DEVELOPMENT ARE EVIDENT During severe storm situations, radar echo intensities may grow by afactor of ten each m...
Page 149 - Appendix B; Enhanced Ground–Proximity; SYSTEM OPERATION
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 B–1 Enhanced Ground–Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) Appendix B Enhanced Ground–Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) The AlliedSignal Mark VII EGPWS combines information from aircraftnavigation equipment (i.e. flight management system (FMS), in...
Page 150 - PUSH BUTTON CONTROLS
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Enhanced Ground–Proximity Warning System (EGPWS)B–2 PUSH BUTTON CONTROLS The following remotely mounted push buttons control the EGPWSdisplay: D INHIB (Inhibit) Button – When active, the push on/push off INHIBbutton prevents terrain data f...
Page 151 - Related EGPWS System Operation; The
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 B–3 Enhanced Ground–Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) Related EGPWS System Operation Some installations may have a DATA–NAV (navigation display, and/orchecklist), lightning sensor system (LSS), and/or traffic alert and crewalerting system (T...
Page 152 - EGPWS Display; green
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Enhanced Ground–Proximity Warning System (EGPWS)B–4 EGPWS Display The EGPWS displays is shown as variable dot patterns in green , yellow , or red . The density and color is a function of how close the terrain is relative to the aircraft al...
Page 153 - EHSI Display Over KPHX Airport
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 B–5 Enhanced Ground–Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) Figure B–1 shows the EGPWS over KPHX airport at 2000 feet meansea level heading north. The terrain shows the mountains to the northof Phoenix. AD–62964@ EHSI Display Over KPHX Airport Wit...
Page 154 - EGPWS Test; EGPWS Test Display
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Enhanced Ground–Proximity Warning System (EGPWS)B–6 EGPWS Test When the EGPWS is selected for display, it can be tested. Push theremote mounted EGPWS TEST button to display the test format shownin figure B–2. AD–63056@ EGPWS Test Display F...
Page 155 - Index
PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 Index Index–1 Index A Abbreviations, 10-1Accelerative Error, 5-15Additional hazards, 5-55 turbulence versus distance from storm core, 5-55 turbulence versus distance from storm edge, 5-55 Altitude, A–10 relationship between turbulence and a...