Honeywell AD-54257@ - Manuals

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 RTR–1/(RTR–2 blank) Record of Temporary Revisions Record of Temporary Revisions Upon receipt of a temporary revision, insert the yellow temporaryrevision pages according to the filing instructions on each page. Then,enter the temporary revi...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 3 LEP–1 List of Effective Pages List of Effective Pages Original 0 . . . . Feb 1998 Revision 1 . . . . Aug 1999 Revision 2 . . . . Dec 1999 Revision 3 . . . . Aug 2003 Subheading and Page Revision Subheading and Page Revision Title Page H 3 ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 Table of Contents TC–1 Table of Contents Section Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS 2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. OPERATING CONTROLS 3-1 . . . . . . . . . ....

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 Table of Contents TC–3 Table of Contents (cont) A FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA) ADVISORY CIRCULARS ( CONT ) Subject: Thunderstorms A–3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purpose A–3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Table of ContentsTC–6 Table of Contents (cont) List of Illustrations (cont) Figure Page B–1 EHSI Display Over KPHX Airport With the EGPWS Display B–5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B–2 EGPWS Test Display B–6 . . . ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 1-1 Introduction 1. Introduction The PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System is a lightweight, X–band digital radar with alphanumerics designed for weather detection(WX) and ground mapping (GMAP). The primary purpose of the system is to d...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 2-1 System Configurations 2. System Configurations The PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System can be operated in many configurations to display weather or ground mapping informationon a radar indicator, electronic flight instrument syste...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 System Configurations2-2 NOTES: 1. When WAIT, SECTOR SCAN, or FORCED STANDBYare activated, the radar operates as if in singlecontroller configuration. This is an exception to theability of each pilot to independently select modes. 2. In th...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 System Configurations2-4 Equipment covered in this manual is listed in table 2–2 and shown infigure 2–2. Model Unit Part No. Cockpit Mounted Options WI–650/660 Weather Radar Indicator 7007700–VAR WC–660 Weather Radar Controller 7008471–VAR...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 2-5/(2-6 blank) System Configurations WC–660 WEATHER RADAR CONTROLLER WI–650/660 WEATHER RADAR INDICATOR WU–660 RECEIVER/ TRANSMITTER/ANTENNA AD–51768@ Typical PRIMUS R 660 Weather Radar Components Figure 2–2

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 3-1 Operating Controls 3. Operating Controls There are two basic controllers that are described in this section. Theyare (in order of description): WI–650/660 Weather Radar Indicator WC–660 Weather Radar Controller. WI–650/660 WEATHER RADAR...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Operating Controls3-2 WI–650/660 Weather Radar Indicator Front Panel View Figure 3–2 1 WX (WEATHER) The WX button is used to select the weather mode of operation. WhenWX is pushed, the system is fully operational and all internalparameters...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Operating Controls3-4 4 TGT (TARGET) The TGT button is an alternate–action switch that enables anddisables the radar target alert feature. Target alert is selectable in all butthe 300–mile range. When selected, target alert monitors beyond...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 3-5 Operating Controls 5 DISPLAY AREA See figure 3–3 and the associated text that explains the alphanumericdisplay. AD–51771@ WI–650/660 Weather Radar Indicator Display Screen Features Figure 3–3 6 FUNCTION SWITCH A rotary switch is used to...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Operating Controls3-6 ON – Places the system in the operational mode selected by the WXor MAP (GMP) button. When WX is selected, the system is fullyoperational and all internal parameters are set for enroute weatherdetection. The alphanume...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 3-7 Operating Controls The TGT alert mode can be used in the FP mode. With target alerton and the FP mode selected, the target alert armed annunciation(green TGT) is displayed. The RTA searches for a hazardoustarget from 5 to 55 miles and ±...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Operating Controls3-8 7 GAIN The GAIN knob is a single–turn rotary control and push/pull switch thatis used to control the receiver gain. Push in on the GAIN switch to enterthe system into the preset calibrated gain mode. Calibrated gain i...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 3-9 Operating Controls 9 BRT (Brightness) or BRT/LSS (Lightning Sensor System) The BRT knob is a single–turn control that adjusts the brightness of thedisplay. CW rotation increases display brightness and ccw rotationdecreases brightness. A...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Operating Controls3-10 WC–660 WEATHER RADAR CONTROLLER OPERATION The controls and display features of the WC–660 Weather RadarController are indexed and identified in figure 3–4. Brightness levels forall legends and controls on the indicat...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 3-11 Operating Controls 1 RANGE The RANGE switches are two momentary contact buttons that are usedto select the operating range of the radar (and LSS if installed). Thesystem permits selection of ranges in WX mode from 5 to 300 NM fullscale...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Operating Controls3-12 4 TGT (TARGET) The TGT switch is an alternate–action, button that enables and disablesthe radar target alert feature. Target alert is selectable in all but the300–mile range. When selected, target alert monitors beyo...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 3-13 Operating Controls 6 TILT The TILT knob is a rotary control that is used to select the tilt angle ofantenna beam with relation to the horizon. CW rotation tilts beam upward0 to 15 ; ccw rotation tilts beam downward 0 to –15 . The range...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Operating Controls3-14 9 RADAR This rotary switch is used to select one of the following functions. OFF – This position turns off the radar system. STBY (Standby) – This position places the radar system instandby; a ready state, with the a...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 3-15 Operating Controls As a constant reminder that GMAP is selected, the GMAP legend isdisplayed in the mode field, and the color scheme is changed to cyan,yellow, and magenta. Cyan represents the least reflective return,yellow is a modera...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 4-1 Normal Operation 4. Normal Operation PRELIMINARY CONTROL SETTINGS Table 4–1 gives the power–up procedure for the PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System. Step Procedure 1 Verify that the system controls are in the positionsdescribed b...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Normal Operation4-2 Step Procedure 5 When power is first applied, the radar is in WAIT forapproximately 90 seconds to allow the magnetron to warmup. Power interruptions lasting less than 3 seconds resultin a 6–second wait period. NOTE: If ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 4-3 Normal Operation AD–51774@ VOR1 VOR2 TEST+11 HDG 319 2515 DTRK 315 GSPD MAG1 321 TGT FMS1 130 NM V 260 KTS 50 GRAY MAGENTA BLUE WX RANGE ANNUNCIATOR (WHITE) P660 WX MODE ANNUNCIATIONS RED WX RANGE RINGS (WHITE) TGT OR VAR ANNUNCIATOR : ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Normal Operation4-4 NOTES: 1. Refer to the specific EFIS manual for a detaileddescription. 2. The example shown is for installations with TEXTFAULT disabled. Standby When Standby is selected, and the radar is not in dual control mode(refer...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 4-5 Normal Operation In the absence of intervening targets, the range at which the cyan fieldstarts is approximately 290 NM with a 12–inch antenna. For the 18–inchantenna, the cyan field starts beyond 300 NM and therefore is not seenif ther...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Normal Operation4-6 Test Mode The PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System has a self–test mode and a maintenance function. In the self–test (TST) mode a special test pattern is displayed asillustrated earlier in this section. The functio...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-1 Radar Facts 5. Radar Facts RADAR OPERATION The PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar works on an echo principle. The radar sends out short bursts of electromagnetic energy that travelthrough space as a radio wave. When the traveling wave o...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-2 AD–12055–R2@ 40 20 100 WX AIRCRAFT HEADING 80 60 +0.6 Positional Relationship of an Airplane and Storm Cells Ahead as Displayed on Indicator Figure 5–1 The drawing is laid out to simulate the face of the indicator with these...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-3 Radar Facts SWEEP ORIGIN ANTENNA AD–17716–R2@ THUNDERSTORM THUNDERSTORM TRANSMITTER INDICATOR SCAN Antenna Beam Slicing Out Cross Section of Storm During Horizontal Scan Figure 5–2 Weather radar can occasionally detect other aircraft, b...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-4 When the antenna is tilted downward for ground mapping, twophenomena can occur that can confuse the pilot. The first is called ”TheGreat Plains Quadrant Effect” that is seen most often when flying overthe great plains of cen...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-5 Radar Facts TILT MANAGEMENT The pilot can use tilt management techniques to minimize groundclutter when viewing weather targets. Assume the aircraft is flying over relatively smooth terrain that isequivalent to sea level in altitude. Th...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-6 Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude 12–Inch Radiator Figure 5–6 AD54258@ Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude 18–Inch Radiator Figure 5–7

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-7 Radar Facts Tables 5–1 and 5–2 give the approximate tilt settings that the groundtargets begin to be displayed on the image periphery for 12– and18–inch radiators. The range that the ground targets can be observedis affected by the curv...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-8 RANGE SCALE (NM) ALTITUDE (FEET) 25 50 100 200 300 LINE OF SIGHT (NM) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 +3 –0 +2 +2 +3 +3 +3 +2 +2 +2 +3 +3 +1 +2 0 +1 –1 +1 0 +1 +1 0 +1 –1 246 23...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-10 Tilt management is often misunderstood. It is crucial to safe operationof airborne weather radar. If radar tilt angles are not properly managed,weather targets can be missed or underestimated. The upper levels of convective...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-11 Radar Facts D Convective thunderstorms become much less reflective above thefreezing level. This reflectivity decreases gradually over the first5000 to 10,000 feet above the freezing level, as shown in figure5–10. AD–35696@ FREEZING LE...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-12 D Proper tilt management demands that tilt be changed continuallywhen approaching hazardous weather so that ground targets arenot painted by the radar beam, as shown in figure 5–12. AD–35698@ FREEZINGLEVEL Proper Tilt Techn...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-13 Radar Facts D Under the right conditions, a dangerous thunder bumper candevelop in 10 minutes, and can in fact spawn and mature under theradar beam as the aircraft approaches it, as shown in figure 5–14. If flying at 400 kt groundspeed...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-14 D The antenna size used on the aircraft alters the best tilt settings byabout 1 _ . However, tilt management is the same for either size, as shown in figure 5–16. AD–46703@ Antenna Size and Impact on Tilt Management Figure ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-15 Radar Facts STABILIZATION The purpose of the stabilization system is to hold the elevation of theantenna beam relative to the earth’s surface constant at all azimuths,regardless of aircraft bank and pitch maneuvers. The stabilizationsy...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-16 A vertical gyroscope contains a gravity–sensitive element, aheavily dampened pendulous device that enables the gyro to erectitself to earth gravity at the rate of approximately 2 _ /min. The pendulous device is unable to di...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-17 Radar Facts LEVEL FLIGHT STABILIZATION CHECK Check stabilization in level flight using the procedure in table 5–3. Step Procedure ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ 1 ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ Trim the aircraft for straight ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-18 AD–17721–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Upper Right) Figure 5–19 AD–17722–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Upper Left) Figure 5–20

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-19 Radar Facts Wallowing (Wing Walk and Yaw) Error A condition where the greatest intensity of ground targets wandersaround the screen over a period of several minutes should not beconfused with antenna mounting error. This phenomenon is ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-20 Symmetrical Ground Returns – Good Roll Stabilization Figure 5–21 AD–17721–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Understabilization in a Right Turn Figure 5–22

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-21 Radar Facts AD–17722–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Overstabilization in a Right Turn Figure 5–23 AD–17723–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Roll Stabilization Inoperative in a Turn Figure 5–24

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-22 Pitch Gain Error If the aircraft is in a pitch maneuver and you see ground returns that arenot present in level flight, the pitch gain is most likely misadjusted. Theprocedure in table 5–5 and figures 5–25, 5–26, and 5–27 c...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-23 Radar Facts AD–53797@ 60 GMAP 40 20 100 80 Understabilized in Pitch–Up Figure 5–26 AD–53798@ 60 GMAP 40 20 100 80 Overstabilized in Pitch–Up Figure 5–27 Refer to Section 7, In–Flight Adjustments, for adjustment procedures.

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-24 INTERPRETING WEATHER RADAR IMAGES From a weather standpoint, hail and turbulence are the principalobstacles to a safe and comfortable flight. Neither of these conditionsis directly visible on radar. The radar shows only the...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-25 Radar Facts The following are some truths about weather and flying, as shown infigure 5–29. D Turbulence results when two air masses at different temperaturesand/or pressures meet. D This meeting can form a thunderstorm. D The thunders...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-26 RED LEVEL* NAUTICAL MILES RAINF ALL RA TE 60 80 40 20 0 VISIBLE CLOUD MASS RAIN AREA (ONLY THIS IS VISIBLE ON RADAR) RED ZONE WITHIN RAIN AREA AD–12057–R3@ Radar and Visual Cloud Mass Figure 5–29 As masses of warm, moist ai...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-27 Radar Facts To find a safe and comfortable route through the precipitation area,study the radar image of the squall line while closing in on thethunderstorm area. In the example shown in figure 5–30, radarobservation shows that the rai...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-28 WEATHER DISPLAY CALIBRATION Ground based Nexrad radars of the National Weather Service displayrainfall levels in dBZ, a decibel scaling of an arbitrary reflectivity factor(Z). The formula for determining dBZ is: dBZ = 16 lo...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-29 Radar Facts 300 NAUTICAL MILES DISPLAY LEVEL RAINFALL RATE MM/HR RAINFALL RATE IN./HR dBZ MAXIMUM CALIBRATE D RANGE (NM) 10–IN AND 12–IN FLAT–PLATE MAXIMUM CALIBRATE D RANGE (NM) 18–IN FLAT–PLATE MAXIMUM CALIBRATE D RANGE (NM) 24–IN FL...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-30 VIP Level Rainfall rate in mm/hr Storm Category dBZ Level ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ 6 ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ Greater than 125 ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ Extreme ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ Greater than 57 ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ 5 ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ 50 – 125...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-33 Radar Facts AD–51778–R1@ With REACT Selected AD–54262@ Without REACT REACT ON and OFF Indications Figure 5–31

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-34 Shadowing An operating technique similar to the REACT blue field is shadowing.To use the shadowing technique, tilt the antenna down until ground isbeing painted just in front of the storm cell(s). An area of no groundreturn...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-35 Radar Facts Although penetrating a storm with a red (level three) core appears to bean acceptable risk, it is not. At the lower end of the red zone, there isno chance of extreme turbulence, a slight chance of severe turbulence,and a 40...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-36 Turbulence levels are listed and described in table 5–8. INTENSITY AIRCRAFT REACTION REACTION INSIDE AIRCRAFT ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ LIGHT ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ Turbulence that moment...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-37 Radar Facts RELA TIVE FREQUENCY 60% 40% 20% 0% 80% 100% 1/2” HAIL 1/4” HAIL 3/4” AND LAGER HAIL AD–15358–R1@ LEVEL 2 YELLOW LEVEL 3 RED LEVEL 4 MAGENTA Hail Size Probability Figure 5–33 Spotting Hail As previously stated, dry hail is a...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-38 Using a tilt setting that has the radar look into the area of maximumreflectivity (5000 to 20,000 ft) gives the strongest radar picture.However the tilt setting must not be left at this setting. Periodically, thepilot shoul...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-39 Radar Facts The more that is learned about radar, the more the pilot is anall–important part of the system. The proper use of controls is essentialto gathering all pertinent weather data. The proper interpretation of thatdata (the disp...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-40 Another example of the pilot’s importance in helping the radar serve itssafety/comfort purpose is shown in figure 5–37. This is the blind alleyor box canyon situation. Pilots can find themselves in this situation ifthey hab...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-41 Radar Facts Azimuth Resolution When two targets, such as storms, are closely adjacent at thesame range, the radar displays them as a single target, as shown infigure 5–38. However, as the aircraft approaches the targets, theyappear to ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-42 RADOME Ice or water on the radome does not generally cause radar failure, butit hampers operation. The radome is constructed of materials that passthe radar energy with little attenuation. Ice or water increases theattenuat...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-43 Radar Facts WEATHER AVOIDANCE Figure 5–39 illustrates a typical weather display in WX mode.Recommended procedures when using the radar for weatheravoidance are given in table 5–9. The procedures are given in bold face,explanations of t...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-46 Step Procedure ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ 10 (cont) ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-48 N AD–15560–R1@ Typical Hook Pattern Figure 5–40 The hooks are located at the right rear side of the thunderstorm echo’sdirection of movement (usually the southwest quadrant). The hook is not the tornado echo! A small scale ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-49 Radar Facts AVOID V–NOTCH BY 20 MILES A large isolated echo sometimes has the configuration that is shownin figure 5–41. This echo is called V–notch or flying eagle althoughsome imagination may be needed by the reader to see the eagle....

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-50 AVOID PENDANT BY 20 MILES The pendant shape shown in figure 5–42, represents one of themost severe storms – the supercell. One study concluded that, insupercells: D The average maximum size of hail is over 2 inches (5.3 cm)...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-51 Radar Facts AVOID STEEP RAIN GRADIENTS BY 20 MILES Figure 5–43 shows steep rain gradients. Refer to the paragraph,Interpreting Weather Radar Images, in this section, for a detailedexplanation of weather images. AD–51781–R1@ Rain Gradie...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-52 10 20 30 40 50 AD–22161–R1@ Crescent Shape Figure 5–44 Line Configurations AVOID THUNDERSTORM ECHOES AT THE SOUTH END OF ALINE OR AT A BREAK IN A LINE BY 20 MILES The echo at the south end of a line of echoes is often sever...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-53 Radar Facts AVOID LINE ECHO WAVE PATTERNS (LEWP) BY 20 MILES One portion of a line can accelerate and cause the line toassume a wave–like configuration. Figure 5–45 is an example of anLEWP. The most severe weather is likely at S. LEWPs...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-54 AVOID BOW–SHAPED LINE OF ECHOES BY 20 MILES Sometimes a fast moving, broken to solid thunderstorm line becomesbow–shaped, as shown in figure 5–46. Severe weather is mostlikely along the bulge and at the north end, but sever...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-55 Radar Facts Additional Hazards TURBULENCE VERSUS DISTANCE FROM STORM CORE The stronger the return, the further the turbulence is encountered fromthe storm core at any altitude. Severe turbulence is often found in thetenuous anvil cloud...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Radar Facts5-56 GROUND MAPPING Ground mapping operation is selected with the GMAP button. Anexample of ground map display is shown in figure 5–47. Turn the TILTcontrol down until the desired amount of terrain is displayed. Thedegree of dow...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 5-57 Radar Facts RANGE SCALE (NM) ALTITUDE (FEET) 10 25 50 100 200 LINE OF SIGHT (NM) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 –5 –4 –13 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –5 –5 –5 –5 –6 –8 –6 –6 –5 –10 –7 –6 –11 –8 –6 ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 3 6-1/(6-2 blank) Maximum Permissible Exposure Level (MPEL) 6. Maximum Permissible ExposureLevel (MPEL) Heating and radiation effects of weather radar can be hazardous to life.Personnel should remain at a distance greater than R from the rad...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 7-1 In–Flight Adjustments 7. In–Flight Adjustments PITCH AND ROLL TRIM ADJUSTMENTS The PRIMUS R 660 is delivered from the Honeywell factory or repair facility adjusted for correct pitch and roll stabilization and should beready for use. How...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 7-3 In–Flight Adjustments Level Fight Stabilization Check Follow the procedure in table 7–2 to determine if you need to performthe roll offset adjustment. Step Procedure ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ 1 ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Adjustments7-4 Symmetrical Ground Returns Figure 7–1 AD–17721–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Right) Figure 7–2

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 7-5 In–Flight Adjustments AD–17722–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Ground Return Indicating Misalignment (Left) Figure 7–3 ROLL OFFSET ADJUSTMENT You can make an in–flight adjustment when level flight stabilizationerrors are detected. This procedure...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Adjustments7-6 Step Procedure 4 Adjust the tilt down until a solid band of ground returns areshown on the screen. Then adjust the tilt until the greenregion of the ground returns start at about 40 NM. 5 Select STAB (STB) 4 times ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 7-7 In–Flight Adjustments AD–51776@ WX Roll Offset Adjustment Display – Initial Figure 7–4 WX AD–51777–R1@ Roll Offset Adjustment Display – Final Figure 7–5

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Adjustments7-8 PITCH OFFSET ADJUSTMENT This in–flight adjustment is made in straight and level flight when theground returns do not follow the contours of the radar display rangearcs. The procedure is listed in table 7–4. Step Pr...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 7-9 In–Flight Adjustments ROLL STABILIZATION CHECK Once proper operation in level flight has been established, you canverify correct roll stabilization using the procedures in table 7–5. Step Procedure ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ 1 ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Adjustments7-10 Symmetrical Ground Returns, Level Flight and Good Roll Stabilization Figure 7–6 AD–17721–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Understabilization in a Right Roll Figure 7–7

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 7-11 In–Flight Adjustments AD–17722–R2@ 60 wx 40 20 100 80 Overstabilization in a Right Roll Figure 7–8 ROLL GAIN ADJUSTMENT This in–flight adjustment is made in a bank when the ground returns donot remain symmetrical during turns. The proc...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Adjustments7-12 Step Procedure ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ 6 ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ From the roll offset entry menu, push the STAB (STB)button twice more to bring up the roll gain entry menu. ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ 7 ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Adjustments7-14 60 WX 40 20 100 80 AD–53802@ Understabilized in Pitch Up Figure 7–10 Overstabilized in Pitch Up Figure 7–11

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 7-15/(7-16 blank) In–Flight Adjustments PITCH GAIN ADJUSTMENT This in–flight adjustment is made in a bank when the ground returns donot follow the contours of the range arcs during turns. The procedureis listed in table 7–8. Step Procedure ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 8-1 In–Flight Troubleshooting 8. In–Flight Troubleshooting The PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System can provide troubleshooting information on one of two formats: D Fault codes D Text faults. The selection is made at the time of instal...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Troubleshooting8-2 TEST MODE WITH TEXT FAULTS ENABLED When airborne, if the radar is switched to TEST mode, any currentfaults are displayed. When on the ground (weight on wheels active) and the radar is switchedto TEST mode, any ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 8-3 In–Flight Troubleshooting 100 60 40 20 TEST WEATHER INDICATOR 1 2 3 4 AD–46709@ PILOT MESSAGE FIELD FAULT CODE/ POWER ON COUNT TRANSMIT ON/OFF FAULTDISPLAYMESSAGEDIVIDER LINEMAINTENANCEMESSAGE FAULTNAME STRAPCODE 80 Fault Annunciation o...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Troubleshooting8-4 Radar Indication With Text Fault Enabled (On Ground) Figure 8–3 PILOT EVENT MARKER At any time a full set of BITE parameters can be recorded by going inand out of variable gain four times (pull GAIN knob for VA...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 8-5 In–Flight Troubleshooting FAULT CODE AND TEXT FAULT RELATIONSHIPS Table 8–2 lists the relationship between: D Fault codes (FC) D Pilot/Maintenance (MAINT) Messages D Fault Name/type/description/cross reference (XREF). FC XREF FAULT DESC...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 In–Flight Troubleshooting8-8 Table 8–3 describes the pilot messages. Pilot MSG Description ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ RADAR FAIL ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ The radar is currently inoperable and should not berelied upon. I...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 9-1 Honeywell Product Support 9. Honeywell Product Support Honeywell SPEX R program for corporate operators provides an extensive exchange and rental service that complements a worldwidenetwork of support centers. An inventory of more than ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Honeywell Product Support9-2 The Honeywell Support Centers listed below will assist with processingexchange/rental orders. 24–HOUR EXCHANGE/RENTAL SUPPORT CENTERS U.S.A. – DALLAS 800–872–7739972–402–4300 CANADA – OTTAWA 800–267–9947613–728...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 9-3 Honeywell Product Support CUSTOMER SUPPORT CENTERS – NORTH AMERICA ( CONT ) ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ Miami Support CenterHoneywell Inc.Commercial Aviation Systems7620 N.W. 25th ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Honeywell Product Support9-4 PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION Additional copies of this manual can be obtained by contacting: Honeywell Inc.P.O. Box 29000Business and Commuter Aviation SystemsPhoenix, Arizona 85038–9000Attention: Publicati...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 10-1 Abbreviations 10. Abbreviations Abbreviations used in this manual are defined as follows: TERMS DEFINITION AC Advisory Circular ADC Air Data Computer AFC Automatic Flight Control AGC Automatic Gain Control AGL Above Ground Level AHRS A...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 A–1 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circulars Appendix A Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circulars NOTE: This section contains a word–for–word transcription of thecontents of the following FAA advisory circular...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory CircularsA–2 Precautions Management and supervisory personnel should establish proceduresfor advising personnel of dangers from operating airborne weatherradars on the ground. Precautionary si...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 A–3 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circulars COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS To prevent possible fuel ignition, an insulated airborne weather radarshould not be operated while an aircraft is being refueled or defueled. M.C. BeardDirec...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory CircularsA–4 Hazards A thunderstorm packs just about every weather hazard known toaviation into one vicious bundle. Although the hazards occur innumerous combinations, let us look at the most ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 A–5 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circulars TURBULENCE D Potentially hazardous turbulence is present in all thunderstorms,and a severe thunderstorm can destroy an aircraft. Strongestturbulence within the cloud occurs with s...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory CircularsA–6 0 5 10 15 COLD Schematic Cross Section of a Thunderstorm Figure A–1 HAIL D Hail competes with turbulence as the greatest thunderstorm hazardto aircraft. Supercooled drops above th...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 A–7 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circulars LOW CEILING AND VISIBILITY Generally, visibility is near zero within a thunderstorm cloud. Ceiling andvisibility may also be restricted in precipitation and dust between thecloud ...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory CircularsA–8 The National Weather Service (NWS) radar observer is able toobjectively determine storm intensity levels with VIP equipment. Theseradar echo intensity levels are on a scale of one...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory CircularsA–10 D If using airborne radar, tilt the antenna up and down occasionally.This will permit you to detect other thunderstorm activity at altitudesother than the one being flown. Follow...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory CircularsA–12 TURBULENCE ABOVE STORM TOPS Flight data shows a relationship between turbulence above storm topsand the airspeed of upper tropospheric winds. WHEN THE WINDS ATSTORM TOP EXCEED 10...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 A–13/(A–14 blank) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circulars MODIFICATION OF CRITERIA WHEN SEVERE STORMS ANDRAPID DEVELOPMENT ARE EVIDENT During severe storm situations, radar echo intensities may grow by afactor of ten each m...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 B–1 Enhanced Ground–Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) Appendix B Enhanced Ground–Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) The AlliedSignal Mark VII EGPWS combines information from aircraftnavigation equipment (i.e. flight management system (FMS), in...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Enhanced Ground–Proximity Warning System (EGPWS)B–2 PUSH BUTTON CONTROLS The following remotely mounted push buttons control the EGPWSdisplay: D INHIB (Inhibit) Button – When active, the push on/push off INHIBbutton prevents terrain data f...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 B–3 Enhanced Ground–Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) Related EGPWS System Operation Some installations may have a DATA–NAV (navigation display, and/orchecklist), lightning sensor system (LSS), and/or traffic alert and crewalerting system (T...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Enhanced Ground–Proximity Warning System (EGPWS)B–4 EGPWS Display The EGPWS displays is shown as variable dot patterns in green , yellow , or red . The density and color is a function of how close the terrain is relative to the aircraft al...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 B–5 Enhanced Ground–Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) Figure B–1 shows the EGPWS over KPHX airport at 2000 feet meansea level heading north. The terrain shows the mountains to the northof Phoenix. AD–62964@ EHSI Display Over KPHX Airport Wit...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111 REV 2 Enhanced Ground–Proximity Warning System (EGPWS)B–6 EGPWS Test When the EGPWS is selected for display, it can be tested. Push theremote mounted EGPWS TEST button to display the test format shownin figure B–2. AD–63056@ EGPWS Test Display F...

PRIMUS R 660 Digital Weather Radar System A28–1146–111REV 2 Index Index–1 Index A Abbreviations, 10-1Accelerative Error, 5-15Additional hazards, 5-55 turbulence versus distance from storm core, 5-55 turbulence versus distance from storm edge, 5-55 Altitude, A–10 relationship between turbulence and a...