Leica GPS System 500 - Technical Reference Manual- Manuals

5 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Chapter 1 - Introduction Chapter 2 - Equipment Setup and Connection Chapter 3 - Using System 500 without a Terminal Chapter 4 - TR500 Terminal Overview Chapter 5 - Configuring the Receiver Chapter 6 - Jobs and Points Chapter 7 - Measuring with System 500 Chapter ...

6 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Contents Contents 1. Introduction .............................................. 11 1.1 The GPS Antenna ............................................... 121.2 The GPS Receiver ............................................... 131.3 The TR500 Terminal ..................

7 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Contents, continued Contents 5. Configuring the Receiver ........................ 86 5.1 Configuring the Receiver for Static and Rapid Static Operations .......................................................... 88 5.1.1 Advanced Operation Mode for Static and Rap...

20 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 2. Equipment Set Up and Connection The type of equipment set up that isused will vary with the type of siteoccupation and the measuring mode.This also applies to the way in whichthe various components are con-nected together. There are o...

21 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en ON OFF LEICA SR530 TERMINAL PORT 3 PWR PORT 1 PORT 2/PWR ANT PPS EVENT2 EVENT1 2.1 GPS Receiver ports All other components of System 500connect to the GPS Receiver. The TR500 Terminal fits eitherdirectly on the Receiver or can beconnecte...

23 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Equipment Checklist 1. GPS Antenna AT501, 502, 503, 504 or 505 2. GRT146 Carrier3. GDF122 or GDF112 Tribrach4. Pillar Plate (if required)5. GEV120 2.8m Antenna Cable6. 2, GEB121 Batteries7. SR510/520/530 GPS Receiver8. TR500 Terminal (if...

26 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Equipment Checklist 1. GPS Antenna AT501 or AT5022. GRT146 Carrier3. GDF122 or GDF112 Tribrach4. GST20, GST05 or GST05L Tripod 5. GZS4 Height Hook6. GEV120 2.8m Antenna Cable7. 2, GEB121 Batteries8. SR510/520/530 GPS Receiver9. TR500 Ter...

28 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Use Post Processed Kinematic Rover. The Receiver is placed in the Minipack. Connections aremade to the Antenna and TR500. Recommended forextended periods of use in the field. Assumptions 1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fit...

29 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Equipment Checklist 1. GPS Antenna AT501 or 5022. GLS21 Upper half aluminium pole with screw 3. GHT25 Grip for pole4. GHT27 Holder for TR5005. GLS20 Lower half aluminium pole 6. GEV141 1.2m Antenna cable7. GEV142 1.6m Antenna cable8. TR5...

31 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The Next Steps If the Receiver has been pre-pro-grammed and the TR500 is beingused, further guidance is available inChapter 7. If the Receiver requires programmingwith the TR500, further guidance isavailable in Chapter 5. Ensure a dry pl...

36 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 1 2 3 5 9 11 10 L 4 8 6 7 Equipment Checklist 1. GPS Antenna AT501 or 5022. GLS18 Upper half aluminium pole with screw 3. GHT25 Grip for pole4. GHT27 Holder for TR5005. GLS17 Lower half aluminium pole 6. GHT37 Holder piece for GPS Receiv...

37 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en How to set up the equipment 1. Screw the two halves of the pole together. 2. Slide the grip onto the pole. Attach the TR500 holder to thegrip and tighten the screw. 3. Slide the holder piece for the GPS Receiver onto the pole.Attach the ...

39 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Equipment Checklist 1. GPS Antenna AT501, 5022. GRT146 Carrier3. GDF122 or GDF112 Tribrach4. SR510/520/530 GPS Receiver5. TR500 Terminal (if required)6. GEV141 1.2m Antenna Cable7. GST20/GST05/05L Tripod8. GAT1/GAT2 Radio Antenna9. GAD33...

43 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en How to set up the equipment Follow steps 1-10 as described insection 2.3. 11. Attach the Radio Modem in its housing to the GPS Receiver. 12. Set up the second Tripod nearby. Screw the Base onto theTripod. Push the Telescopic Rodinto the ...

45 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Equipment Checklist 1. GPS Antenna AT501 or 5022. GLS21 Upper half aluminium pole with screw or stub 3. GHT25 Grip for pole4. GHT27 Holder for TR5005. GLS20 Lower half aluminium pole 6. GEV141 1.2m Antenna cable7. GEV142 1.6m Antenna cab...

53 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en How to set up the equipment Follow steps 1-9 described in section2.6. 10. Attach the Radio Modem in its housing to the GPS Receiver. 11. Screw the Radio Antenna onto the housing. 12. Switch on the system using the ON/OFF button on the TR...

55 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Equipment Checklist 1. Combined RTB (or RTS)/GPS antenna 2. GAD32 Telescopic Rod3. GEV141 1.2m Antenna Cable4. RTB (or RTS) differential receiver module 5. 0.3m GPS receiver to RTB (or RTS) module cable 6. MCF XMB-3 PC Card7. GEV97 1.8m,...

56 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en How to set up the equipment 1. Insert the PC Card into the Receiver and plug in theGEB121 batteries. 2. Place the Receiver front panel up in the Minipack with thebatteries facing outwards.Fasten the strap around theReceiver 3. Connect th...

58 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 2.13 Equipment Setup - Repeater Station and Repeater Box Use The repeater box attaches to a tripod and the radio modemto the repeater box. An external battery also attaches to thetripod. The Radio Antenna is mounted on the tripod. Onecon...

61 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 2.14 Using the Minipack The Minipack has several featureswhich may not be readily apparent atfirst. These features help to makeusing System 500 more comfortable. 2. Hip BeltThe Hip Belt transfers most of theweight from the shoulders to t...

63 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 2.15 Measuring Antenna Heights The height of the GPS Antenna above the point consistsof several components - the Height Reading, the VerticalOffset and the Phase Center Eccentricities. When astandard System 500 Antenna mounted on standar...

65 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 1. Pillar Setup 2.15.2 Antenna Height components VO=0 VR MRP VE 1 VE 2 VO Vertical Offset VR Vertical Height Reading VE1 Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L1. VE2 Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L2 MRP Mechanical Reference Pl...

67 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 2. Tripod Setup VO VR MRP VE 1 VE 2 VO Vertical OffsetVR Vertical Height ReadingVE1 Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L1. VE2 Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L2 MRP Mechanical Reference Plane Although an AT501/502 Antenna is ...

69 2. Set-up and Connection Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 2.15.3 Measuring Slope Heights VE1 -VO SR VE2 HO MRP VO Vertical Offset HO Horizontal Offset SR Slope Height Reading VE1 Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L1. VE2 Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L2 MRP Mechanical Reference Pl...

70 3. Using System 500 without a Terminal Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The SR510, 520 and 530 receiverscan be used without the TR500attached. Applications and set ups most suitedto this type of configuration areReference Stations for Post-Process-ing and Real-Time and Static/RapidStatic measur...

71 3. Using System 500 without a Terminal Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The Receiver and Antenna willusually be mounted on a tripod orpillar. Refer to Chapter 2 for detailsof equipment set up and connec-tions. Measure the Antenna Height usingthe Height Hook. Note this valuedown. You will need t...

73 3. Using System 500 without a Terminal Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 3.4.3 Memory Status LED Memory StatusLED off - MemoryDevice notavailable (PCCard not insertedor InternalMemory notfitted). Memory StatusLED Green -Memory capacityOK on selecteddevice Memory StatusLED flashinggreen - Memoryc...

74 4. TR500 Terminal Overview Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 4. TR500 Terminal Overview The TR500 Terminal performs three main functions: 1. Program the GPS Receiver2. Enable input of information to the GPS Receiver3. Display information from the GPS Receiver The Terminal must be connected to th...

76 4. TR500 Terminal Overview Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en On certain screens a shift symbol willappear in the bottom right cornerabove the softkey. It indicates thatfurther choices are available on thesoftkeys. At this time, the shift key appears so: When it is pressed, it appears so: Pressin...

77 4. TR500 Terminal Overview Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Accuracy Status High Precision Navigation (cm level) Precision Navigation (0.5 - 5m level) Navigation (<100m) When no position is available, no icon is shown. 4.2 Status Icons Accuracy Status Position Mode No. visible Satellites No....

79 4. TR500 Terminal Overview Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Radio Status Radio Transmitting (blinks) Radio Receiving (blinks) If two radio modems are being usedsimultaneaously, the icon will alter-nate between each modem. GSM Status The GSM phone is connectedto the network. If this icon blinks,...

81 4. TR500 Terminal Overview Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Battery Status Battery Voltage OK Battery supplying 2/3 peakvoltage Battery supplying 1/3 peakvoltage Battery empty The battery being used is denoted bythe letter next to it. A and B are theplug-in camcorder batteries, E is theexternal...

83 4. TR500 Terminal Overview Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 4.4 General Operating Principles There are several conventions usedin the user interface of System 500. 2. Entering DataAt times you will have to enter PointIds, Names etc. Enter the data usingthe keyboard and press the Enter key. Spec...

84 4. TR500 Terminal Overview Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Working Example Application - Entering a special character. Technique - N/A Requirement - You need to enter the Job name “Cézanne”. All the charac-ters are contained on the keyboard except “é”. Field Procedure - The “C” is entered. To ...

86 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 5. Configuring the Receiver The receiver has numerousparameters and functions which canbe configured by the user. Different Configuration Sets are usedfor different measuring techniques.Several default Configuration Setsare programmed...

87 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The following screen will appear thefirst time you switch on. The most frequently used functionsare displayed. Use SHOW/HIDE (F4)to reveal/hide all of the functions. This chapter covers configurationusing the sequential configuration(...

92 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Formats You can configure the way in whichinformation is presented whensurveying. Format Grid - The format of gridcoordinates if they are being used. Format Geodetic - The format ofgeodetic coordinates if they are beingused. Quality T...

93 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Real-TimeFor Static or Rapid Static post-processing operations select Noneand press CONT (F1). Logging Log Static Obs - Switches logging onor off when the Receiver is in Staticmode. The receiver has to bestationary. Obs Rate - The rat...

95 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The Advanced Mode contains extraconfigurable parameters that may berequired for certain specializedapplications. Select Advanced inCONFIGURE\Operation Mode. Only the screens that differ fromthose seen in Standard Mode aredescribed her...

98 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Working Example Application - Post Processed Rapid Static Observation Recording Technique - Rapid Static Requirement - You wish to view the Stop and Go Indicator on the MainSurvey screen but do not want to automatically stop the surve...

105 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en key is pressed. During post-processing, A coordinate will beinterpolated between the positions atthe neighboring two epochs. For post-processed kinematicsurveys, it is possible to use either ofthe settings. Auto Store - Allows you to...

108 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en You are completing a survey where you will require many different point IDs. Most point IDs willneed an incrementing number behind the text. The first points you measure will need the point ID“Bolt ###”. In CONFIG\ OCUPY Pts set up a...

110 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Working Example 2 Field Proc - You are completing a survey where you need only one point ID that needs an incrementing numberbehind the text. These points will need the point ID “Point####”. However you will also surveysome individua...

116 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 5.3 Configuring the Receiver for Real-Time Reference Operations This section covers configuration ofthe receiver for Real-Time ReferenceOperations. Note that Real TimeReference Operations are onlypossible with an SR530 (Real-Time toc...

124 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 5.3.1 Advanced Operation Mode for Real Time Reference Stations The Advanced Mode contains extraconfigurable parameters that may berequired for certain specializedapplications. Select Advanced inCONFIGURE\Operation Mode. Only the scre...

127 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 5.4 Configuring the Receiver for Real-Time Rover Operations This section covers configuration ofthe receiver for Real-TimeRover Operations. Note that RealTime Rover Operations are onlypossible with an SR530 (Real-Time tocentimeter le...

131 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en CodingIf you wish to select a coding systempress ENTER and choose fromThematical or Free coding. Completedescriptions of the coding systemsused by System 500 are given inChapter 8. Press CODES (F3) to review thecodes in the chosen co...

137 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Instantaneous means that a time tagwill be recorded when the OCUPYkey is pressed. A coordinate will beinterpolated between the positions atthe neighbouring two epochs. More details about Normal andInstantaneous occupy modes aregiven ...

138 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Id Templates An Id template is used to pre-define aPoint Id. This feature is mainly usedin post-processed kinematic and real-time kinematic operations wheremany points are collected quickly.When set up correctly it will save youhavin...

144 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Threshold Settings These settings are used as checks ifmore than one set of measuredcoordinates are recorded for thesame point. Avg. Limits Pos - Only available ifAvg is selected. Sets the averaginglimit for position. When two or mor...

145 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en If Abs is chosen then the Avg. LimitsPos and Avg. Limits Height are notshown but the ABS (F6) key be-comes available. Press ABS (F6) to set the limits forthe absolute position difference in E,N, H and X, Y, Z. Stakeout Stake from - S...

148 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The Advanced Mode contains extraconfigurable parameters that may berequired for certain specializedapplications. Select Advanced inCONFIGURE\Operation Mode. Only the screens that differ fromthose seen in Standard Mode aredescribed he...

149 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Height Smoothing and Filter techniques with kinematic GPS Due to the nature of GPS, the heightis the weakest part in GPS measure-ments. Height information can onlybe received from satellites above theantenna. Signals from the satelli...

153 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Threshold SettingsIn addition to the functionality given inStandard mode you can also specifya DOP limit. If the limit is exceededno position will be recorded. Press DOP (F3). Limit - Select the type of DOP limit. Ifno limit shall be...

154 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Pressing DEVCE (F5) allows thedevice to be chosen. System 500 supports several devicessuch as Leica Disto memo, Disto pro,Disto TM pro 4 and Disto TM pro 4 a. All of them are hand held lasermeter thatcan be used to record otherwisein...

155 5. Configuring the Receiver Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en EAO (F3) allows the default methodto be set that will be used to enter anExternal Angle Offset whenmeasuring hidden points using a device that measures azimuths. The options are None, Permanent orNew For Each Point. If permanent isch...

156 6. Jobs Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 6.1 Management of Jobs Jobs are managed from the Joboption in the Main Menu. PressSHOW (F4) to reveal all of the MainMenu choices. Select Job and press ENTER. The currently available Jobs aredisplayed together with the date theywere created or last edit...

158 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Application Post-Processed Static/R. Static Post-Processed Kinematic Reference Post-Processed Kinematic (Static Initialisation) Post-Processed Kinematic on the Fly Real-Time DGPS (1-5 m) Real-Time RTK (1-5cm) SR510 ✓ ✓ SR520 ✓ ✓ ✓ S...

160 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The Main Survey Panel appears. From here you can add Point Id, andAntenna Height and observe theDOP. If configured, you will also be able toadd a Code. If configured, you will also be able toenter a start time for the pointoccupatio...

161 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en To break the auto numbering pressShift INDIV (F5) and enter an indi-vidual Point Id. After this point hasbeen stored it will return to the previ-ously suggested Point Id. If you define a Point Id Template inthe Configuration Set you...

162 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 2. Press ENTER and select the codefrom the list.or3. Type in the first few characters ofthe code until the desired code isdisplayed. The Code Name will be displayed forthe Point Code that you have cho-sen. Enter any attributes for t...

168 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The Main Survey screen appears. From here you can add Point Id,Code, Antenna Height and observethe DOP. If configured, you will also be able toenter a start time for the pointoccupation. As soon as the receiver has enoughinformation...

196 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Bearing and Distance, heightexcluded Point A - GPS point on whichbearing α is measured. Bearing - Bearing Angle to theHidden Point in units configured.Distance - Horizontal distance fromPoint A to the Hidden Point in unitsconfigured...

198 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Double Bearing, height excluded Point A - The point from whichBearing A is measured.Bearing A - Bearing Angle α to Hidden Point in units configured.Point B - The point from whichBearing B is measuredBearing B - Bearing Angle β to Hi...

199 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Double Bearing, height included If the height computation for ahidden point has been enabledwithin the configuration, thefollowing options apply in addition tothose on the previous page. Delta Hgt - Height differencebetween the cent...

200 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Double Distance, heightexcluded Point A - Point from which Dis-tance A is measured.Distance A - Horizontal distancefrom Point A to the hidden point inunits configured.Point B - Point from which Dis-tance B is measured.Distance B - H...

201 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Double Distance, height included If the height computation for ahidden point has been enabledwithin the configuration, the followingoptions apply in addition to those onthe previous page. Delta Hgt - Height differencebetween the cen...

204 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Backward Bearing & Distance,height excluded Point A - GPS point towards whichbearing α is measured. Bearing - Bearing Angle to Point Ain units configured.Distance - Horizontal distance fromthe Hidden Point to Point A in unitscon...

206 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 7.4.10 Using the NEAR key Search for the nearest point to thecurrent sensor position by pressingSHIFT and then NEAR (F2). Thecurrent sensor position is the positionat the time when the NEAR key ispressed. Stop the search with ABORT ...

208 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 7.5 Real-Time Rover, Staking Out 7.5.1 Entering Stakeout Stake-Out is the staking out ofpredetermined points. These pointsmay have been surveyed earlier anduploaded through SKI Pro, mayalready exist in a Job on the Receiveror may ha...

210 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 7.5.3 The Stake-Out Screen When Stake-Out has been started, the following screen appears: 1 2 3 4 5 1. Orientation - Defines the directionon which the Range Information (3) isbased. 2. Target Point - The current point forwhich the R...

211 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The Orientation defines a referencedirection from which allmeasurements to target points aremade. The orientation is defined by a pointor a line. To select a method of Orientation,highlight the Orient field and use theleft or right ...

213 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Start+EndpointThe Line is defined between twopoints. Either: 1. Enter the coordinates and height of each point. or 2. Use the IMPRT (F3) key to import any point contained in theJob you are using. Make surethat one of the entry field...

218 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 7.5.10 Using the NEAR key The nearest point to the currentsensor position for staking out can befound by pressing SHIFT and thenNEAR (F2). The current sensorposition is the position at the timewhen the NEAR key is pressed. It may al...

223 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 1. Measurement/Stakeout of transi-tion points of slopes for cross-sections. S - Startpoint of slope - Transition point to be measured/ staked The Line is defined as the sectionline through the terrain. You ensurethat you follow this...

228 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Station Inc - The distance betweeneach grid point in the direction of theReference Line.Scale - Depending on thetransformation method used and thestake out design criteria, you mayspecify a scale factor to be applied tothe increment...

229 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en If you simply wish to add aditional textto the suggested point Id, pressEnter. The point Id in the displayremains and the cursor will be in theposition defined in the current Point Idtemplate. You may also enter a completelydifferen...

230 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 2. Increase the offset and start the next row in either directionadjacent to the first grid point. To use option 1, highlight the Line andpress ENTER. Press PARAM (F5) toenter the Grid parameters. Input the new Horizontal Offset (Ho...

231 7. Measuring with System 500 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en If a point within the grid is obstructed(E.g. a car is parked over it or it isheavily shaded by trees), there is afunction that allows you to skip thatpoint and carry on to the next one. Enter the Line definition screen. Press SHIFT...

232 8. Coding Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 8. Coding There are two types of CodingSystem available on System 500 -Thematical Coding and Free Coding. Thematical Codes are point-basedinformation recorded together with theother point information. Free Codes are time-basedinformation, independent ...

233 8. Coding Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Codelists can be transferred to thePC Card or Internal Memory using theTransfer function in SKI-Pro.Codelists on the PC Card or InternalMemory must then be transferred tothe Receiver using the Transferfunction. The Codelist is then selected for usein ...

236 8. Coding Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 8.1.4 Adding a Thematical Code to a Point When a Thematical Codelist hasbeen selected for use within a Con-figuration Set, it will be possible toadd a Thematical Code to a pointwhen measuring. The fields Point Code and CodeName will be displayed as ab...

246 9. The CONFIG Key Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en It is recommended for possible slowdrop in voltage or an abrupt powerfailure. The option ExtPowerLow/PowerFail is not recommend for systems running with batteries!This option could then effect a deepdischarge on the battery and coulddestroy th...

249 9. The CONFIG Key Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Use - Choose Yes to output themessage. Output Time - A message may besent either at an exact epoch orimmediately.At Epoch means that the messagewill be sent at the exact epoch asdefined by the Rate.Immediately means that themessage is sent as ...

251 9. The CONFIG Key Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Working Example 1 You need to complete a survey on asmall lake and wish to record thedepth of the lake that is measured bya 3 rd party depth sounder at certain locations. This depth sounderconstantly streams data at a rate of1Hz and sends the ...

254 9. The CONFIG Key Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The Remote interface enables you toconfigure the Remote control modeand the device connected to thesensor. In most of the cases thesensor will be controlled via theTR500 connected to the Terminalport. Alternatively a remote computercan be used...

258 9. The CONFIG Key Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The ASCII message takes the following format: $PLEIR,EIX,ssssssss,tttttttt,nnnn,cccc,dddd*hh<CR><LF> Format Content $PLEIR, Header EIX, Message identifier = event input “1” or “2” sssssssss, GPS time of week of event (in msec) tttt...

261 10. Status Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 2. Real-Time Reference Data Format - The data format beingsent.Sats L1/L2 - The number of satelliteson L1/L2 being used in thecomputation.Last sent - The amount of time sincethe last message was sent. The DATA (F3) and REF (F6) keysare available. The...

263 10. Status Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Moving Mode 5 Sats since - The length of time that5 satellites have been observed for. InKinematic on the Fly operations, it isimportant to observe 5 satellites forabout three minutes or so withoutinterruption at the beginning of thechain. GDOP - The...

267 10. Status Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Information about the satellites isgiven. Sat - The PRN number of eachobserved satellite is given. Elev - The elevation of the satelliteabove the horizon is given togetherwith the direction in which it is moving(rising or setting). Azi - The azimuth ...

268 10. Status Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en HELTH (F4) Press cursor down key. The PRN numbers of Bad (unhealthy)satellites, OK (healthy) satellites andsatellites for which no data is avail-able are listed. SKY (F5) Displays a sky plot showing positionsof the satellites and related informa-tion...

269 10. Status Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en A log of all points in the currentlyselected job is displayed in order oftime. Further information is available bypressing the INFO (F5) key. The column Crd Source appears anddisplays the source of the coordinatesfor each point. Calculated - calculat...

270 10. Status Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The last 5 codes that have been usedfrom the current codelist aredisplayed. Should you select adifferent codelist for use, this log willbe cleared. Pressing INFO (F5) reveals the timeat which the code was recorded. The last 100 messages displayed ont...

271 10. Status Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Battery Ext - Amount of chargeremaining in the external battery. Bat PC-Card - Battery status of theSRAM PC Card battery. The threestatus levels are OK, Low and Error.Note that you should change the PC-Card Battery when it becomes Low.Failure to do s...

273 11. Applications Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 11. Applications Applications contains a number ofmiscellaneous functions that are notnecessarily related. From within this menu item you maydetermine coordinate systems, carryout point management functions,access an on-board calculator, define...

278 11. Applications Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Defining a map projection Most map projections conform to astandard type and will need to bedefined before being used for thefirst time. From the COORDSYS\ TypeSelection screen, open theProjection list. Press DEFLT (F5) to reveal all of theavai...

280 11. Applications Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The residuals of the transformationare displayed. This is the differencebetween the transformed WGS84coordinates and the originalcoordinates in the local system. Values that are marked with a starindicate where the highest residualslie. Use INF...

283 11. Applications Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Select the Coordinate System thatyou wish to include new points in.Press CONT (F1). Now you have two choices. You mayeither automatically match the newpoints and calculate the newparameters by pressing AUTO (F5).Alternatively, you may proceedma...

284 11. Applications Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Enables you to manage the pointscontained in the currently selectedJob. You may also set a point filteraccording to varying criteria. Select Point Management and pressCONT (F1). 11.3 Point Management Each point is displayed with the timeand dat...

291 11. Applications Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Inverse This function enables you to calculatethe inverse between two grid or twogeodetic points. All coordinates usedin the program can be enteredmanually, selected from the databaseor measured. Enter the start point and the endpoint of the li...

292 11. Applications Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Input:P1 - Start point of line (E, N, h / Lat, Long, h) P2 - End point of line (E, N, h / Lat, Long, h) Output: α αα αα - Grid Bearing / Geodetic Azimuth d - Grid Distance / Ellipsoidal Distance - Height Difference

293 11. Applications Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Traverse This function enables you to calculateone or more new points by defining astart point and entering its distanceand azimuth from the start point. Enter the start point of the line orpress NEWOC (F5) to measure anew point. Enter the Bear...

294 11. Applications Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Multiple point computation: Press TRAV (F3) to start a sequentialtraverse. Easting, Northing and Height of thefirst new point are displayed. Press COORD (F2) to togglebetween coordinate types. Press STAKE (F5) to switch to thestakeout screen an...

295 11. Applications Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Input:P1 - Start point of line (E, N, h) α αα αα - Bearings (Azimuths) d - Horizontal Distances Output:P2 - First traverse point (E, N, h)P3 - Second traverse point (E, N, h)P4 - Third traverse point (E, N, h)...Side1 - Side point (E, N, h)

301 11. Applications Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 3 Point Arc This function enables you to calculatethe centre point and the radius of anarc defined by three points Enter the three points on the arc orpress NEWOC (F5) to measure newpoints. Press COMP (F1) to start thecomputation. Easting, Nort...

302 11. Applications Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Distance on Arc This function enables you to calculatea point on an arc defined by threepoints and based on the arc distance. Enter the three points on the arc orpress NEWOC (F5) to measure newpoints. Enter the Arc Distance startingfrom the fir...

307 12. Utilities Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 12. Utilities The Utilities menu item is revealed bypressing SHOW (F4) from the MainMenu. Utilities contains file, memory andsecurity utilities. The directory of the currently se-lected memory device is displayed. If an internal memory is fitted,D...

308 12. Utilities Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en GSI - Contains any GSI files createdthrough the Transfer command on theReceiver. IDEX - Contains any IDEX filescreated through the Transfercommand on the Receiver. LOG - Contains any log filesgenerated from the optionalapplication programs. See Ap...

309 12. Utilities Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 12.3 Enter Security Code The security code is required toactivate optional applicationprograms. Select the application program youwish to activate and then enter thesecurity code supplied by LeicaGeosystems when you purchasedthe option. Instructio...

310 13. Transfer Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 13. Transfer Transfer enables you to transfer alltypes of data between different datadevices on the Receiver. Transfer ofdata to SKI-Pro is carried out fromwithin SKI-Pro. Select Transfer from the Main Menu. The following screen appears. 13.1 Job E...

311 13. Transfer Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Enables you to transfer CoordinateSystems between Sensors and PCCards. Select From where you wish totransfer the Coordinate System. Thedevice To which the CoordinateSystem will be transferred will beautomatically selected. Coord Sys - Select the Co...

312 13. Transfer Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Enables you to convert an ASCII fileinto a Job. The reason to convert an ASCII file toa job is mainly for Stake Out. Whenstaking points there are many advan-tages to stake out points stored in ajob rather than staking from an ASCIIfile. For example...

316 13. Transfer Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Enables you to transfer Geoid FieldFiles between Sensors and PCCards. Select From where you wish totransfer the Geoid Field File. Thedevice To which the Geoid Field Filewill be transferred will beautomatically selected. If you transfer a Geoid Fiel...

321 Appendix A Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Appendix A - Operating and Storage Temperatures ComponentReceiverTerminalAntennaPC Flash CardsInternal Memory Operation-20°C to +55°C-20°C to +55°C-40°C to +75°C-20°C to +75°C-20°C to +55°C Storage-40°C to +70°C-40°C to +70°C-40°C to +75°C-40°C to +7...

322 Appendix B Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Appendix B - Observation Times Obs. Method No. sats. GDOP< 8 Baseline Length Approximate observation timeBy day By night Rapid Static 4 or more Up to 5 km 5 to 10 mins 5 mins 4 or more 5 to 10 km 10 to 20 mins 5 to 10 mins 5 or more 10 to 15 km Ov...

323 Appendix C Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Appendix C - Seismic Record Format Seismic records may be generated and saved along withthe point information. They take the following format: @,GSE,V,M,gg.g,pp.p,hh.h,vv.v,aaa.aaa,ss,eee,ii,REC,RSN Example @GSE12 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.220 5 1 2SR530 001...

324 Appendix D Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Appendix D - Defined Line File Format Lines that have been defined in Stakeout are stored in thefile STK_Line.txt in the data directory of the memorydevice. Up to 100 lines may be stored in this file. Line records take the following format, separator...

325 Appendix E Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Appendix E - NMEA Message Formats The Receiver can output a variety of NMEA messages.These can be set using the CONFIG key or may besteered from a connected device using a query message. Note that a Talker ID appears at the beginning of theheader. Th...

326 Appendix E Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en In the listing of NMEA messages, certain symbols areused as identifier for the field types. They are: Special Format Fields A Status Single character field:A = Yes, Data Valid, Warning Flag ClearV = No, Data Invalid, Warning Flag Set llll.ll Latitude...

327 Appendix E Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Numeric Value Fields x.x Variable numbers Varaible length integer or floatingnumeric field. Optional leading and trailing zeros.(example: 73.10 = 73.1 = 073.1 = 73) hh_ Fixed HEX field Fixed length HEX numbers only Information Fields c--c Variable te...

328 Appendix E Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Format $GPGGK, hhmmss.ss, mmddyy, llll.ll, a, yyyyy.yy, a, x, xx, x.x, EHT x.x, M *hh <CR> <LF> Content Header, incl. Talker ID,message sent fromReceiverGGK Sentence FormatterUTC of Position Fix UTC dateLatitudeHemisphere “N”/“S”Longitude...

330 Appendix E Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Format $XXGNS, hhmmss.ss, llll.ll, a, yyyyy.yy, a, c--c, xx, x.x, x.x, x.x, x.x, xxxx *hh <CR> <LF> GNS - GNSS Fix Data Content Header, message sent from Receiver. XX=GP- GPS only, XX=GL - GLONASS only, XX=GN-Combined GPS/GLONASSUTC time ...

331 Appendix E Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Format $GPGSV, x, x, xx, xx, xx, xxx, xx ....., xx, xx, xxx, xx *hh <CR> <LF> GSV - GPS Satellites in View Content Header, incl. Talker ID, message sent fromReceiverTotal number of messages, 1 to 3Message number, 1 to 3Total number of sat...

332 Appendix E Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Format $GPLLQ, hhmmss.ss, mmddyy, eeeeee.eee, M, nnnnnn.nnn, M, x, xx, x.x, x.x, M *hh <CR> <LF> Content Header, incl. Talker ID,message sent fromReceiverUTC time of positionUTC dateGrid Easting, metersMeter (fixed text “M”)Grid Northing,...

334 Appendix F Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Port 1Pin Function 1 RTS 2 CTS 3 GND 4 Rx 5 Tx 6 Vmod 7 Bat 1) 8 +12V 2) Port2/PWRPin Function 1 Bat 1) 2 +12V 2) 3 GND 4 Rx 5 Tx Port 3Pin Function 1 RTS 2 CTS 3 GND 4 Rx 5 Tx 6 Vmod 7 Bat 1) 8 +12V 2) TerminalPin Function 1 KDU_ON 2 KDU_PWR 3 GND 4...

335 Appendix F Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 1) Input into sensor 2) Output out from sensor Sockets Port 1 and 3:Lemo FGA.1B.308.CLCD.x2Z Port 2, PWR:Lemo FGG.1B.305.CLCx.xxZ Event:Lemo ERN.0S.250.CTL PPS:Lemo HGP.00.250.CTL

336 Appendix G Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en CODE CONVERT DATA DTM GEODB Alamanac files GEOID CSCS RINGBUF Appendix G - Data Device Directory Structure The following structure refers to PC Cards and Internal Memory. It shows where files are stored for transfer to and fromthe System RAM and wher...

337 Appendix G Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Antenna Info Record Filesbeacon.txt (Beacon Station List)Stations.bin (Modem / GSM Station List) CONF PROG SERVICES GSI Files IDEX Files Log Files from Application Programs GPS GSI IDEX LOG Configuration Sets Firmware FilesLanguage FilesSysram.sys (S...

338 Appendix H Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Appendix H - External Devices InterfacesAn interface should be considered asa function of the sensor. For example,Real-Time is one function that can beactivated on the sensor, Hidden Pointis another function and so on. System 500 supports the followi...

340 Appendix H Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Radio and Repeaters Radio devices are normally used totransmit or receive Real-Time data.Additionally a Radio device may alsobe used to steer and communicatewith the Sensor e.g. to download rawdata from a remote location etc. The following radio devi...

341 Appendix H Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Radio Modems and ChannelSwitchingChannel switching is supported withSatelline 2ASx, 2ASxE, 3AS/3ASdand Pacific Crest RFM96 modems. Itoffers you the ability to set the chan-nel on the radio modem. This changes the frequency at whichthe radio operates ...

344 Appendix H Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Configuring the GSM Phone From CONFIGURE\ Interfaceshighlight the interface (e.g. Real-Time) you want to use with a GSMphone and press EDIT (F3). Press DEVCE (F5) to access thedevice list. GSM devices are normally used totransmit or receive Real-Time...

350 Appendix H Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Modem A Modem device is normally used tocommunicate with the Sensor e.g. todownload data or to transmit NMEAmessages etc.The following modem communicationsettings are as standard included withSystem 500: U.S. Robotics 56KSprint PCS Motorola Timeport ...

352 Appendix H Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en RTB Module (CSI) The RTB (Real Time Beacon) Modulereceives DGPS corrections from U.S.Coast Guard or other differentialcorrection beacons. It is used for Real-Time applicationsin the meter or submeter accuracyrange. The module consists of acombined GP...

356 Appendix H Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Two different services are available.RTCM corrections from the closestreference can be received or yourown position can be sent to thedevice which then receives correc-tions based on a virtual referencestation. In CONFIGURE\ Interfaces highlightthe R...

358 Appendix H Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Ref Select - Choose the criterion bywhich the Reference Station shall beselected.Choose Profile to select the refer-ence station according to the givenprofile. Choose Frequency to select thereference station according to afrequency different to the g...

360 Appendix H Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Using Telemax Once you have set the configurationfor your GSM phone or the Modemand selected the Telemax service youcan establish the connection to theSAPOS station by pressing SHIFT-CONEC (F4) in the MAIN, SURVEYor STAKE-OUT panel. Based upon the Ac...

361 Appendix H Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Hidden Point Hidden Point devices are specialdevices to measure distances, anglesand azimuths to points which are notaccessible by means of GPS e.g.house corners or trees. These mea-surements can be used to feed theHidden Point application which isac...

362 Appendix H Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Hgt Offset - Available if Use Devicein the current panel and Include Hgtin the panel CONFIGURE\ HiddenPoint in the current configuration set(see chapter 5.4.1.) are set to YES.The options are: None - Neither instrument nor targetheight is considered....

364 Appendix I Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Appendix I - MC500 IntroductionThe MC500 is an OEM GPS receiver,that can be integrated into completepositioning systems. The MC500 receiver has a ruggedhousing that meets high shock andvibration environmental specifica-tions. This makes the receiver ...

365 Appendix I Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Standard Features The MC500 includes as standard thefollowing features: PPS Output functionality installed.Event Input functionality installed.Met / Tilt Interface.Ring Buffer Functionality.Ground Stud.Environmental shock absorbers.Dust caps for exte...

368 Appendix I Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Documentation PackagesPlease see the following documenta-tion to learn more about the MC500 MC500 User manual OWI Manual Dozer 2000 Installation and Mainte-nance Manual Dozer 2000 User Manual Dozer 2000 Equipment List

369 Appendix J Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Appendix J - RS500 IntroductionThe RS500 receiver has been de-signed specifically for use as areference station. The RS500 uses the same housingand meets the same environmentalspecifications as the SR5xx sensors,which are detailed in Appendix A.Gener...

370 Appendix J Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Outside World Interface (OWI)External control of the RS500 viaremote interface is achieved throughuse of the Outside World Interface(OWI) command language. TheASCII/NMEA-type message formatfrom Leica as well as the compactLeica Binary 2 format can be...

371 Appendix J Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Using the TR500 with the RS500 When the RS500 is turned on usingthe TR500, the following screen willappear. The RS500 has the same main menupanel as the SR5xx sensors exceptthat the first three menu options areremoved. It is also not possible toperfo...

372 Appendix J Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en This required space will be reserved,so that it cannot be used by otherapplications e.g. standard / primarylogging. Ring buffer functionality is primarilydesigned to be configured usingremote control commands fromexternal software and this is howmost...

374 Appendix J Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The ring buffer data will be stored onthe chosen memory device in thefollowing directory: \DATA\GPS\RINGBUF The static point which is stored intothe ring buffer has the following pointId automatically assigned: RBxxxxff where:xxxx - 4 character senso...

375 Appendix J Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Configuring Meteo Devices Press the CONFIG button and thenchoose 4 Interfaces and then 6Meteo. Use Device – Set to YES, to activateusing a Meteo device and access theconfiguration options. Port - defines the port to where theMeteo device will be conn...

376 Appendix J Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Configuring Tilt Devices Press the CONFIG button and thenchoose 4 Interfaces and then 7 Tilt. Use Device – Set to YES, to activateusing a Tilt device and access theconfiguration options. Port - defines the port to where theTilt device will be connect...

377 Appendix K Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Appendix K- GS50 / GS50+ and GIS DataCollection Leica GIS DataPRO Hardware GS50 / GS50+ TR500 Antenna Software GIS DataPRO After the data is collected in the field, the GIS DataPROoffice software allows you to import, edit and export thedata to your ...

378 Appendix K Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The GS50 Receiver The GS50 tracks the L1 C/A codeand uses it to reconstruct the carrierphase. Data can be stored for post-processing in SKI-PRO or GISDataPRO. Baselines can becalculated up to a precision of10-20mm +/-2ppm.With a radio modem or other ...

379 Appendix K Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en DGPS For real-time DGPS positioning, thestandard equipment employs eitherpublic coastguard beacon or satellitedifferential signal provided by Racal-Landstar for differential corrections.Both equipment set-ups are shown toyou in the Equipment Setup ch...

382 Appendix K Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en If the PCMCIA card has been format-ted on the sensor (Please refer to theH/W user manual), then the followingdirectory structure should appear onthe card. Real Time Beacon StationsIt is possible to select a beacon ser-vice from a list that can be pla...

383 Appendix K Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The GS50 / GS50+ Receiver The GS50 and GS50 + receivers arespecifically designed for GIS datacollection. It uses a different ap-proach, measure coordinates in atopological format, relating attributeinformation to geographic location.Like all GIS syst...

384 Appendix K Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en The CONFIG Key Described below are the changes thatapply to the use of the CONFIG keyin the GS50 and GS50+. For example, the main configurationmenu uses the wording GIS DataCollection instead of Survey. Configuration: Satellite The Satellite configur...

385 Appendix K Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Configuration: Coding The GS50 / GS50+ only allowsthematical coding. For this reason, the panel cannot beexited with CONT (F1) if no codelist isavailable. You can define a newcodelist or load a configuration filefrom the PC-Card. This change applies ...

386 Appendix K Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en If a user defined point template maskis used on GS50 / GS50+, forexample “Point ###” with anincrement value 1, the Point Id isshown in the first line of the attributionpanel. Assume the last measured point was“Point 202”, then the next proposedid is ...

387 Appendix K Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Configuration: Formats The line for configuration of OCUPYcounter used in the SR510/20/30survey program is removed. This isbecause there is no such counter inthe GIS Data Collection Program. This change applies from chapter 5.1to 5.4. Configuration: ...

388 Appendix K Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Configuration: Hidden Point The full Hidden Point Configuration isavailable under the different nameOffset. This applies to chapters 5.4.1 and9.13. Described below are the changes thatrefer to the use of the STATUS key. The main status menu uses thew...

389 Appendix K Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en GIS Navigation/Update: Chapter 7.5, describing Staking Out,is similar for most operations. Thesmall differences are described here. The PCKUP button is replaced by theNESTD button, which is also used inthe GIS Data Collection program. Itsimply leads ...

390 Appendix K Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en Codelist administration on GS50: From chapter 8, Coding, only thechapters up to 8.1.2 apply to theGS50 / GS50+. The GIS thematical coding does notuse layers, but differentiates codingtypes for points, lines and areas.Therefore defining a new code on ...