Honeywell KLN 94 - Manual

APPENDIX A - NAVIGATION TERMS .........................................A-1 APPENDIX B - MESSAGE PAGE MESSAGES ..........................B-1 APPENDIX C - SCRATCHPAD MESSAGES ..............................C-1 APPENDIX D - ABBREVIATIONS ................................................D-1 STATE ABBREVIA...

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Introduction i INTRODUCTION Congratulations for choosing the Bendix/King KLN 94 GPS! Celestialnavigation will now be a way of life for you. The phenomenal accuracy ofGPS, along with the KLN 94’s user-friendly operation and color graphicsdisplay will make flying a delight. Not on...

KLN 94 SNEAK PREVIEW If you absolutely can’t wait to use your KLN 94 until you’ve read this Pilot’sGuide, this section is for you. This short section will teach you just enoughto get going and then learn by doing. This operational preview assumesthe KLN 94 has been properly installed, the unit was p...

Chapter 1 System Components 1-0 AIRCRAFT POWER AL TITUDE 11-33V GRA Y CODE WPT ALER T MESSAGE KA 92 GPS ANTENNA HSI CDI AUTOPILOT REMOTE ANNUNCIA TORS RS-232 OUTPUT KLN 94 SYSTEM REQUIRED FOR ALL INST ALLA TIONS INST ALLA TION DEPENDENT OR KI 525A K I 206 COMP A T IBLE FUEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM REQUIRE...

1. KLN 94 SYSTEM COMPONENTS A basic KLN 94 system consists of a panel mounted KLN 94 GPS and aKA 92 GPS antenna. An altitude input is required to obtain full navigationand operational capabilities. Additional system components may be addedor interfaced to the KLN 94 which increase its features and c...

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 1 System Components 1-3 This page intentionally left blank

Chapter 2 Data Base 2-0 CANADA USA LATIN AM P ACIFIC SOUTH P A C SOUTH AM EUROPE EAST EUR MID EAST AFRICA SOUTH P A C P ACIFIC 75 ° 60 ° 45 ° 30 ° 15 ° 0 ° 15 ° 30 ° 45 ° 60 ° 75 ° 60 ° 45 ° 30 ° 15 ° 0 ° 15 ° 30 ° 45 ° 60 ° 165 ° 150 ° 135 ° 120 ° 105 ° 90 ° 75 ° 60 ° 45 ° 30 ° 15 ° 0 ° 15 ° 30 ° 4...

2. DATABASE 2.1. FUNCTIONS OF THE DATABASE The database provides four primary functions. First, it makes pilot inter-face with the GPS sensor much easier. Rather than having to manuallylook up and then enter the latitude and longitude for a specific waypoint, itallows you to merely enter a simple wa...

The following is a listing of the KLN 94 database contents: AERONAUTICAL DATAAIRPORTS IdentifierNameCity, State or CountryUse type (if heliports, military, or private)Latitude and LongitudeElevationRunway numbers, lengths, surfaces, and lightingFuel availabilityApproach types available (precision, n...

NDBs (En Route and Terminal) IdentifierNameFrequencyLatitude and Longitude(Note - Outer Compass Locators may be stored as an NDB by their NDBidentifier or as an intersection by their intersection name) D M E s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h I L S / L O C t y p e a p p r o a c h e s – S t o r e d w i t ...

2.4.1. COMPUTER UPDATING OF THE DATABASE USINGDISKETTES (ORS 02 AND HIGHER UNITS ONLY) Update information is sent to you on 3.5” disks. In order to use the updateprogram you must have access to a computer having a disk drive capableutilizing 3.5-inch 1.44 megabyte high density diskettes. This comput...

4. Turn on the KLN 94. Press F as required to approve the SelfTest, Initialization, and Databasepages. Use the right outer knobto select the Setup (SET) typepages and the right inner knob toselect the SET 3 page (figure 2-2). 5. Press B . Update Pub DB ? will now be flashing as in figure2-3. 6. Pres...

The chances are small of having difficulty updating the database but— If you have a problem: • First check that the interface cable is properly connected and that the computer is turned on. If there is a problem with the connectionor the computer, the KLN 94 will display Data Loader Not Ready . When...

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Name: Company: Address: City: State: Zip Code: Country: Telephone: ( ) FAX: ( ) Aircraft Make: Aircraft Model: ______ Please set up the service under: MasterCard/VISADiscover/AMEX Method of Payment Check/Money order enclosed Wire Transfer:Chase Manhattan Bank, NYAcct #910-2-538734 Include sales tax ...

Chapter 3 Basic GPS Operation GPS PROC KLN 94 TSO CRSR PULL SCAN PUSH ON ENT CLR MSG NRST ALT OBS ı D RNG MNU BRT 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 10 11 12 13 15 14 16 Figure 3-1 KLN 94 Controls

3. BASIC GPS OPERATION This is the first of four chapters specifically dealing with operating theKLN 94. In this chapter you will learn the basic operation of the frontpanel controls and then how to perform Direct To navigation (navigatingfrom your present position direct to your desired location). ...

The KLN 94 is capable of displaying the following time zones: UTC Coordinated Universal Time (Zulu) GST Greenland Standard Time (UTC - 3) GDT Greenland Daylight Time (UTC - 2) ATS Atlantic Standard Time (UTC - 4) ATD Atlantic Daylight Time (UTC - 3) EST Eastern Standard Time (UTC - 5) EDT Eastern Da...

10. The Database page will now be displayed with the cursor over Acknowledge? . Line 1 indicates whether an Americas, Atlantic International, or Pacific International aeronautical database is beingused. If the aeronautical database (airports, navaids, approaches, etc)is current, line 2 will show the...

4. Turn the right outer knob oneclick clockwise to move the cur-s o r t o t h e s e c o n d c h a r a c t e rposition (figure 3-39). 5. Rotate the right inner knob toselect the second character (fig-ure 3-40). 6. Use the right outer and innerknobs in this manner until thecomplete waypoint identifier...

3.5. MESSAGE PAGE Whenever the KLN 94 wants to get your attention, the message prompt (alarge yellow “M” on the right side ofthe screen) begins flashing (figure 3-52). If you have a remote messageannunciator in your aircraft, it willalso begin flashing at that time. Youshould view the message at you...

3.7. INITIALIZATION AND TIME TO FIRST FIX Since the KLN 94 stores its position and other required parameters inmemory when power to the unit is removed, it is seldom necessary to aidthe unit in reaching a NAV ready condition. The time required from poweron until the KLN 94 determines its present pos...

To initialize the position from the SET 1 page: 1. If the cursor is not on the screen(figure 3-55), press the B but- ton to bring it on the page overthe INIT POS field (figure 3-56). 2. Using the right inner and outerknobs, enter the identifier for theairport where you are presentlyl o c a t e d o r...

Airport pages but we’ll use the APT 1 since it displays the airportname and city). 2. Turn on the cursor ( B ) and make sure the right inner knob isp u s h e d i n . T h e c u r s o r w i l lappear over the first character ofthe airport identifier (figure 3-62). 3. T u r n t h e r i g h t i n n e r ...

3. Change the first character to a“ B ” (figure 3-67). 4. Move the cursor to the secondcharacter and select “ M ” (figure 3 - 6 8 ) . E u r e k a ! W h e n y o ue n t e r e d t h e “ M ” , t h e K L N 9 4 searched its database for thefirst VOR identifier beginningwith the letters “ BM ” and found BM...

To select a waypoint by scanning with the cursor on: 1. Select the page type for the waypoint you are looking for (APT, VOR,NDB, INT or USR). In this case, we want the APT 1 page. 2. Turn on the cursor ( B ). It will appear over the first character ofthe waypoint identifier. Select a K with the righ...

5. Move the cursor one place to theright, and select an “ E ” (figure 3- 79). 6. Enter the “ W ” and “ P ” in a similar manner (figure 3-80). 7. Now, move the cursor one placeto the right of the “P” and pull theright inner knob out. The rest ofthe airport name field will be inreverse video (figure 3...

To specify the nearest airport criteria: 1. Select the SET 4 page and turn on the cursor ( B ). 2. U s e t h e r i g h t i n n e r k n o b t oselect the minimum length run-way desired for the airport toqualify for the nearest airport list(figure 3-86). Values between1 0 0 0 f e e t a n d 5 0 0 0 f e...

NOTE: In some areas of the world the KLN 94 provides the location of the nearest point of communication with a facility providing information(INF) or radio (RDO) services. Pressing the G button and selecting the FSS option will display two of the nearest points of communication with Flight Service S...

NOTE : If the KLN 94 is in the approach mode and this method is used to center the D-bar when the missed approach point is the active waypoint,then the approach mode will be cancelled and the KLN 94B will revert tothe approach arm mode. 3.10.2. CANCELLING A DIRECT TO The primary reason for wanting t...

3.11. NAVIGATION PAGES As you would expect, the NAV (navigation) pages contain informationrelating specifically to the KLN 94’s navigation capabilities. The KLN 94has four NAV pages. The procedure for selecting specific pages, includingthe NAV pages, was described in section 3.4.1, “Page Selection”....

active waypoint while a “down” trian-gle (figure 3-109) indicates “from” theactive waypoint. The word FLAG is displayed over the CDI when theKLN 94 is not usable for navigation(figure 3-110). Line 3 : Numeric crosstrack correc- tion – the crosstrack distance (howfar off course) and direction to fly ...

3.11.4.2 NAV 4 Page Format The NAV 4 page has a unique for-mat unlike any other KLN 94 page( f i g u r e 3 - 1 1 7 ) . T h e p a g e b a r i sremoved on the NAV 4 page to uti-lize the maximum screen height forthe map. The page being displayed,NAV 4, is shown in the bottom rightcorner of the screen. ...

• Nearest 20 user defined waypoints (USR) within 200 NM of the air- craft • Tower rings (TWR Rings). A tower ring is a 4 NM radius circle drawn around airports having a control tower that operates at leastpart time. Note that a tower ring is not Class D airspace which usually consists of a 3 to 7 NM...

3.11.4.7. Symbols Used On The Map The following symbols are used on the Nav 4 map page: 3.11.4.8. Selecting The Map Orientation All KLN 94 installations are capable of three map orientations: actual trackup (TK ↑ ), North up (N ↑ ), and desired track up (DTK ↑ ). In addition, if the KLN 94 is interf...

3. (ORS 02 and higher) If the waypoint displayed in the scan field isactually displayed on the map, its map icon is encircled on the map(figures 3-141 and 3-142). Waypoints that are located close togetheron the map are easy to uniquely identify using this feature. In addition,a line is drawn from th...

Appendix D. The right side of line 4will read HELIPORT if applicable, MILITARY if it is a military airport (Figure 3-147), and PRIVATE if it is a private use airport. If the airport is being viewed as partof the nearest airports list (see sec- t i o n 3 . 9 . 1 , “ V i e w i n g t h e N e a r e s tW...

point. To the right of the identifier is the frequency of the NDB in kilohertz.If the NDB is being viewed as part of the nearest NDBs list (see section 3.9.1) the number designating the NDB’s position in the nearest NDB listis displayed after the NDB identifier. Line 2 : The name of the NDB. Lines 3...

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 3 Basic GPS Operation 3-65 lines of 16 characters each are available for the remarks. A combinationof up to 200 user-defined waypoints and airports may include remarks.Letters, numbers, hyphens, and spaces may be used in the remark. If noremarks have been entered for the...

3.13. SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE ALERTING The KLN 94 database contains the location of areas of special use air-space (SUA). The types of SUA areas stored in the database and theabbreviations used to denote these areas are the following: Class B CL B Class C CL C Control Area (used outside USA) CTA Termin...

2. Press the B button to turn on the cursor. 3. Use the right outer knob to movethe cursor over the desired SUAgroup (figure 3-180). 4. U s e t h e r i g h t i n n e r k n o b t oselect ON or OFF . 5. Turn the cursor off with the B button. The KLN 94 will normally alert youprior to entering one of t...

Chapter 3 Basic GPS Operation 3-68 If the altitude input to the KLN 94 is pressure altitude from an altitudeencoder or air data computer, then you must manually update the KLN 94with an altimeter setting (baro correction in order to receive accurate SUAalerting. You may easily update thealtimeter se...

Waypoint Alert : The remote waypoint alert annunciator is on whenever waypoint alerting is occurring. See sections 3.10.3. “Waypoint Alerting forDirect To Operation” and 4.2.2. “Turn Anticipation and Waypoint Alerting.” Message : The remote message annunciator is on whenever the mes- sage prompt is ...

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 3 Basic GPS Operation 3-71 2. Note what the default number is next to “Comm” and “Nav”. In figure3-190, the default number is 1 for both Comm and Nav. 3. Press the B button to turn on the cursor. 4. R o t a t e t h e r i g h t i n n e r k n o b t o v i e w t h e c o m m ...

Chapter 3 Basic GPS Operation 3-72 3.15.2. QUICKTUNE™ OPERATION WITH MORE THAN ONE COM-PATIBLE NAV/COMM In order to use QuickTune™ when there is more than one Nav/Commc o n f i g u r e d w i t h t h e K L N 9 4 i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o s p e c i f y a d e f a u l tQuickTune™ receiver for both c...

just as if it was actually functioning in an aircraft. Distances count down,waypoints sequence, and the deviation bar follows the progress of thesimulated flight. Using the take-home mode is an excellent way to learnthe operation of the KLN 94 without worrying about the engine running,other traffic,...

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 3 Basic GPS Operation 3-75 that the ATIS frequency is 125.65 MHz, the pre-taxi clearance deliveryfrequency is 118.95 MHz, and the ground control frequency is 121.90MHz. After listening to ATIS, we contact clearance delivery for ourclearance out of the Little Rock Class C...

Chapter 3 Basic GPS Operation 3-76 pages for Hope Municipal. We learn, for example, that it is located inHope, Arkansas, and has two hard surface runways that are each5500 feet in length. By pulling the right inner knob to the “out” position,you may now scan clockwise through the remaining 19 airpor...

4. FLIGHT PLAN OPERATION If you are going to use your KLN 94 for more than just flying VFR, directfrom one airport to the next, it will be well worth your while to learn its flightplan capabilities. This section of the Pilot’s Guide describes how to cre-ate, edit, and fly flight plans. 4.1. CREATING...

Chapter 4 Flight Plan Operation 4-2 are: KNEW (Lakefront airport), GPT (Gulfport VOR), SJI (Semmes VOR), CEW (Crestview VOR), MAI (Marianna VOR), SZW (Seminole VOR), CTY (Cross City VOR), and KPIE (St. Petersburg/Clearwater International airport). To create a flight plan: 1. Select the flight plan (...

Chapter 4 Flight Plan Operation 4-4 first three waypoints will then be displayed followed by the last way-point in the flight plan. Rotate the right outer knob to move the cursorand manually scroll to see the missing intermediate waypoints. 11. Turn off the cursor with the B button. Additional fligh...

2. Press B to turn on the cursor. It will appear over Use? (figure 4 - 1 1 ) . I f y o u h a v e n ’ t l e f t t h enumbered flight plan since creat-ing this flight plan, rotate theouter knob counterclockwise toposition the cursor over Use? . 3. Press F to activate the flight plan in the order shown...

p o s i t i o n a u t o m a t i c a l l y j u m p sdown to the next position. In thiscase, SJI automatically moves to waypoint 3 and KPIE changes towaypoint 8 (figure 4-15). 4. C o m p l e t e t h e w a y p o i n t e n t r yoperation (figure 4-16). NOTE : If adding a waypoint or way- points (such as...

4. Press F and the waypoint will be deleted from the flight plan.The other waypoints in the flightp l a n w i l l b e c o r r e c t l y r e p o s i -tioned (figure 4-21). 5. Turn off the cursor with the B button. 4.1.6. DELETING FLIGHT PLANS To delete a flight plan which is no longer required: 1. Di...

2. Turn on the cursor with the B button. It will appear over theblank first waypoint position (fig-ure 4-25). 3. Rotate the right outer knob coun-t e r c l o c k w i s e t o p o s i t i o n t h ecursor over Copy FPL 0? (figure 4-26). 4. P r e s s F t o l o a d t h e a c t i v e flight plan into this...

4.2.2. TURN ANTICIPATION AND WAYPOINT ALERTING Prior to reaching a waypoint in the active flightplan, the KLN 94 will provide navigation along acurved path segment to ensure a smooth transitionbetween two adjacent legs in the flight plan. Thatis, the CDI or HSI left/right deviation will be refer-enc...

Although normally not recommend-ed, turn anticipation may be disabledon the Setup 10 (SET 10) page bypressing the B button and then r o t a t i n g t h e r i g h t i n n e r k n o b t oc h a n g e b a c k a n d f o r t h b e t w e e n ENABLED (figure 4-36) and DIS- A B L E D ( f i g u r e 4 - 3 7 ) ...

5. INTERMEDIATE OPERATION Many of the KLN 94’s advanced features and functions are covered in thissection of the Pilot’s Guide. You may pick and choose which of these fea-tures are applicable to the type of flying you do. If you are a serious IFRpilot be sure to learn the information presented on th...

right outer knob; turn the right inner knob to select the desired unit of mea-sure; and turn the cursor off again. 2. U s e t h e r i g h t i n n e r k n o b t oupdate the altimeter baro setting(figure 5-3). 3. Press A twice to return to the page previously being viewed. Line 3 displays the Minimum ...

5.2. ADVISORY VNAV OPERATION The KLN 94’s advisory vertical navigation (VNAV) feature allows you toprogram a descent or ascent path, and then provides you with an advisoryaltitude to fly that will provide guidance along the vertical path. For exam-ple, you can program the VNAV to provide descent gui...

NOTE : There may be some difference (less than 100 feet) between the indicated altitude and the aircraft’s actual altitude if the altitude input to theKLN 94 is from an altitude encoder because these encoders only providealtitude in 100 foot increments. The identifier for the active waypoint ( KDBQ ...

NOTE : During your descent, check your actual groundspeed to verify that it is similar to the one you entered on the ALT 2 page. If it is different, youshould enter your actual groundspeed so that the VNAV function will workproperly. If you make any changes to the “from” or “to” altitudes, the VNAV ...

NOTE : The altitude alerting function of the KLN 94 does not meet FAR Part 91 for turbojet-powered civil airplanes. NOTE : Before you use the altitude alerting function, it is a good idea to make sure that the KLN 94 baro setting is current. To do this, press the A button and use the right inner kno...

and headphones. Or the KLN 94 may be interfaced with an external tonegenerator installed in the aircraft. In order to use altitude alerting, the KLN 94 must have an altitude input. Ifthe altitude input is from an altitude encoder or from an air data computernot having a baro altitude output, then it...

5.5. NAVIGATION MODES The KLN 94 allows you to choose how the course to the active waypoint isdefined. This is done by selecting between the two course modes, LEGand OBS. The LEG mode means that the course to the active waypoint isselected by the KLN 94, and is the default mode when the KLN 94 start...

When this is done, the pilot must verify that the proper course hasbeen selected by confirming the digital selected course readout dis-played on the KLN 94. In the OBS mode the selected course isalways displayed on line 3 of the left side of the KLN 94 screen (inplace of DTK). In many installations,...

5.5.4. SWITCHING FROM THE LEG MODE TO THE OBS MODE The following mode transition occurs if the KLN 94 is in the Leg mode andthe mode is changed to the OBS mode: 1. The waypoint that was active in Leg mode prior to the mode changeremains the active waypoint in OBS mode. 2. The selected course is defi...

5.5.6. GOING DIRECT TO A WAYPOINT WHILE IN THE OBS MODE The direct-to function will select the OBS value that will take the aircraftfrom the present position direct to the active waypoint when the KLN 94 isnot the displayed navigation source on the external indicator. If the KLN 94 is the displayed ...

3. If the desired waypoint is not the one that was suggested by theKLN 94, enter the desired identifier. Press F . 4. Press F to approve the way- p o i n t p a g e a n d a c t i v a t e t h ew a y p o i n t ( f i g u r e 5 - 4 9 ) . T h es e l e c t e d c o u r s e d o e s n o tchange, therefore thi...

5.7. AVIONICS BUS VOLTAGE ALERTING The SET 9 page serves as a monitor of your avionics power bus. It givesyou a digital readout of the voltage supplied to your avionics, down totenths of volts. You will find this feature valuable as an extra layer ofsecurity in cases of electrical or charging system...

5.8. THE AUXILARY (AUX) PAGES The KLN 94 may have up to 21 Auxiliary pages which are used for amultitude of miscellaneous functions. The table below summarizes thefunction of these pages. Page Function AUX 1 and AUX 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .GPS Sta...

• The signal strength ( Sg ) for each satellite is displayed next and indi- cates the signal strength for each satellite in the range of 0 (zero) to9 (nine). The higher the value the stronger the signal. • The elevation ( El ) above the horizon for each satellite is provided in the right column and ...

played on line 3, and the distance will be displayed on line 4. 5. Use the right outer knob to move the cursor over the groundspeedfield on line 5. 6. Select your estimated ground-s p e e d f o r t h e t r i p . A s y o uchange it, the estimated time enroute ( ETE ) calculation will be updated (figu...

To calculate fuel requirements: 1. The waypoints entered on the AUX 4 page are automatically broughtforward on the AUX 5 page. You may also change the trip planningtype and the specific waypoints on the AUX 5 page in the same waythey were selected on the AUX 4 page. 2. Turn on the cursor with the B ...

NOTE : The altimeter baro set units may be changed between inches, mil- libars and hectopascals on the SET 12 page). 5.10.4. THE AUXILARY 7 (AUX 7) DENSITY ALTITUDE PAGE The AUX 7 page is used to determine density altitude. To calculate the density altitude: 1. Turn on the cursor ( B ). 2. The press...

5.10.6. THE AUXILARY 9 (AUX 9) WIND PAGE The AUX 9 page is used to determine the present wind direction andspeed. In addition, the headwind or tailwind component of the wind is dis-played. To calculate the winds aloft: 1. Turn on the cursor ( B ). 2. Enter the aircraft’s true airspeedby using the ri...

To set the alarm: 1. Turn on the cursor ( B ). If necessary, change the system time zone to the desired one on line 2 of the AUX 10 page. 2. To set the alarm to activate at acertain time, move the cursor tothe at : field on line 3. Select the desired hours, and then minutes(figure 5-79). Notice that...

2. Turn on the cursor ( B ). 3. If desired, select another way-point identifier using the rightinner and outer knobs. Press F to view the waypoint page for the waypoint entered. Press F again to approve the way- point page (figure 5-82). 4. If desired, select another dateusing the right inner and ou...

user-defined waypoints, you willhave to scroll the cursor downthe list. 2. Press E . The KLN 94 will ask if you wish to delete that user-waypoint (figure 5-87). If thewaypoint is active or used in aflight plan, the deletion will notbe allowed and you will receive ascratchpad message telling youthis ...

5.13.1. THE AUXILARY 15 (AUX 15) FUEL MANAGEMENT PAGE NOTE : The AUX 15 – AUX 19 pages are only displayed when the KLN 94 is interfaced with a compatible fuel management system. The AUX 15 page displays the following information (figures 5-94): • The destination waypoint (the final waypoint in FPL 0...

Chapter 5 Intermediate Operation 5-38 The Auxiliary 20 and Auxiliary 21 ( AUX 20 and AUX 21 ) pages are used to display air data information if both a fuel management system and anair data system are interfaced to the KLN 94. If there is no fuel manage-ment system, air data information is displayed ...

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 5 Intermediate Operation 5-39 SAT Static air temperature (the actual temperature of the surrounding air mass). TAT Total air temperature (the air temperature including heat rise due to compressibility. This is the temperature measured directly by the outside air temperat...

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Chapter 5 Intermediate Operation 5-41 5.16. MANUAL MAGNETIC VARIATION SELECTION The KLN 94’s primary coverage area is from N 74° to S 60° as was shownin figure 3-1. Magnetic variation is automatically computed within this cov-erage area when Mag Var is in the default AUTO mode o...

Chapter 5 Intermediate Operation 5-42 To enter the local magnetic variation manually on the SET 2 page: 1. Turn on the cursor ( B ). 2. Move the cursor over the field online 4 (figure 5-114). 3. T u r n t h e r i g h t i n n e r k n o b t ochange the magnetic variationf i e l d f r o m A u t o t o M...

K L N 9 4 i s c o n f i g u r e d f o r I F R e nroute only, pressing the P button allows access to DP and STAR pro-cedures but not approaches (figure6-4). 6.2. NON-PRECISION APPROACH OPERATIONS Flying non-precision approaches using the KLN 94 is not in itself very diffi-c u l t . H o w e v e r , t ...

6.2.1. APPROACH MODE ANNUNCIATIONS In addition to the two course modes (Leg and OBS) described in section5.5, there are also two approach related modes. At the time of theKLN 94 installation in the aircraft these two modes may be configured tobe annunciated as one of the following two ways: APR ARM ...

6.2.2. GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR NON-PRECISIONAPPROACHES Non-precision approaches will all have the general flow of events as fol-lows. Refer to figure 6-5. 1. S e l e c t a n d l o a d t h e a p p r o a c h i n t o t h e a c t i v e f l i g h t p l a n . Approaches are always conducted from FPL 0. The ...

3. The cursor will normally already be over the desired airport but if you wish to select another airport from the list use the right outer knob tomove the cursor to the desired airport. Press F . NOTE : If the desired airport is not in the list, turn the right outer knob clockwise to move the curso...

pressing F when the cursor is over MIFEV (figure 6-12). NOTE : If there is only one IAF for a procedure, then the KLN 94 will skipthis step and go on to the next step 6. The KLN 94 next presents a list of waypoints that make up the approach. If desired, review these waypoints to make sure that youha...

After the approach has been entered into the flight plan the KLN 94checks to make sure that the resulting flight plan “makes sense”. If theKLN 94 detects any waypoints that are in both the en route portion of theflight plan and the portion that makes up the approach, then the followingmessage will b...

To replace an existing approach: 1. Press the P button. If necessary move the cursor over Select Approach? and press F to bring up the PROC 2 page. 2. The cursor will already be over the airport associated with theapproach loaded in FPL 0. If you wish to select another airport for anapproach move th...

NOTE : When FPL 0 is modified in any way, the KLN 94 orients itself on the nearest leg of the modified flight plan. In this case the leg from KNEWto MIFEV has become active. Since we have not yet been cleared toMIFEV it is necessary to do a Direct To operation to KIXD. The easiestway to do this is n...

KLN 94 screen to verify that LEG sequencing is selected. If theKLN 94 shares an HSI or CDI with other NAV sources, it is also goodto verify that the NAV/GPS switch is set to GPS. As you approach MIFEV, the KLN 94 will provide waypoint alerting as indicated by the flashing WPT annunciation on the rig...

6.2.8. APPROACH EXAMPLE 2: RADAR VECTORS When airports have an approach control that is in a radar environment it islikely you will receive radar vectors from the approach controller to inter-cept the course inbound to the final approach fix (FAF). The KLN 94makes it easy to conduct approaches where...

6.2.9. APPROACH EXAMPLE 3: COURSE REVERSAL WITH OFF-AIRPORT IAF In the previous two approach examples we were able to leave the KLN 94in the Leg mode all the way to the missed approach point. However, whenthe approach procedure includes a course reversal in order to get estab-lished inbound to the F...

This message provides a reminder that to fly a course reversal the OBSmode needs to be selected. Note from the approach chart that there is aNoPT Arrival for this approach if arriving on airway radial 301. If you areapproaching OCN along this airway radial there is no need to perform acourse reversa...

7. When the aircraft is 2 NM from the FAF, the KLN 94 will verify that theproper integrity is available. If integrity monitoring is available for theapproach, then the KLN 94 will change to the Approach Active mode.This will be annunciated on the right side of the KLN 94 by APR ACTV (or APR ). The C...

missed approach procedure. In this case the waypoint N35HP is dis-played. This is a point located on the outbound leg of the holdingpattern. We will not use it in this example. Pull the right inner knob outand turn it to display MSAh , the missed approach holding point. Press F to activate MSA as th...

5. After the approach is loaded into the flight plan the KLN 94 may givethe message: *Redundant Wpts In FPL Edit En Route Wpts As Necessary This message is given because very often it will be necessary to editthe active flight plan to ensure that proper waypoint sequencingoccurs. Examine the flight ...

• If F was pressed, then the KLN 94 will calculate an arc inter- cept point based on the point where the aircraft’s present track overthe ground intercepts the DME arc. If necessary, do a Direct Tooperation to the new arc intercept point. NOTE : If the present track does not intercept the arc, then ...

• W h e n a n o n - a p p r o v e d approach is selected, a pageas shown in figure 6-52 is dis-played to remind you that theKLN 94 can only be used toprovide situational awarenessfor monitoring the approach.You must acknowledge the page by pressing F . Approved navi- gation equipment such as VOR/ILS...

6. Turn the cursor off. 7. The RAIM calculation will usuallytake a few seconds before ananswer is reached. During thistime the AUX 3 page will be asshown in figure 6-55. 8. Once the RAIM calculation is complete, the AUX 3 page will indicatethe results of the test graphically in a bar graph format. T...

NOTE : Normally, the desired departure airport will already be displayed with the cursor on it. In case it is not, move the cursor over the desiredairport or, if necessary, enter the airport identifier in the blank field on thepage and press F once to bring up the waypoint page for the airport and a...

6.3.2. SELECTING A STAR The steps required to select a STAR are very similar to those required toselect a DP. The only difference is the order of the steps to define theSTAR and where the STAR is loaded into the flight plan. The stepsrequired to define the Glen Rose Five arrival (coded JEN5) with th...

3. Use the right inner and outer knobs in the normal manner to definethe desired waypoint. 4. Press F to display the waypoint page for this identifier. If the way- point is correct, then press F a second time to confirm the waypoint page. The new waypoint is added to the waypoints that make up theDP...

3. When the list of DP or STAR waypoints is displayed, the bottom of thepage will now show REPL FPL 0 DP? for a DP or REPL FPL 0 STAR? for a STAR. Press F to replace the DP or STAR in FPL 0. 6.3.4. EXAMPLE OF A DP PROCEDURE To illustrate the use of the KLN 94 with a DP, the Porte Three departureload...

APPENDIX A - NAVIGATION TERMS KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Appendix A Navigation Terms A-1 ARC - Radial from reference VOR when executing an approach procedure with a DME arc. BRG - Bearing to waypoint (degrees)DA - Drift Angle (degrees)-not displayed on KLN 94 DIS - Distance to waypoint (nm) DTK - Desired ...

Appendix A Navigation Terms A-2 This page intentionally left blank

APPENDIX B - MESSAGE PAGE MESSAGES XXXXX DeletedFrom FPL 0 - The displayed waypoint has been deleted from the active flight plan (FPL 0) when an approach, DP or STAR was added to FPL 0.The pre-existing waypoint was deleted because adding theAPR/DP/STAR to the flight plan caused the same waypoint to ...

Arm GPS Approach — If the approach ARM mode has been disarmed with the optional external GPS Approach switch, the KLN 94 will remindyou to arm the approach mode when the aircraft is 3 nautical miles fromthe Final Approach Fix (FAF). Arm the approach mode with the GPSApproach switch if it is desired ...

Internal Battery Low:Service Required toPrevent Data Loss — This message appears when the KLN 94’s internal battery is low and needs replacing at an authorized Bendix/King servicecenter. The battery should be replaced within a week to prevent the lossof all user-defined data including waypoint, airp...

Appendix B Message Page Messages B-6 Press PROC Button Now For Navigation — This message appears after the NAV flag has been set due to a RAIM problem while the KLN 94is in the approach mode. By pressing the Procedure ( P ) button, the KLN 94 may be able to restore navigation information so that you...

APPENDIX C - SCRATCHPAD MESSAGES ActiveWpt - (Active Waypoint) Appears when you attempt to delete a user-defined waypoint on the AUX 12 page if the waypoint is the activewaypoint (the waypoint you are navigating to). Another waypoint must bemade the active waypoint before this waypoint can be delete...

InvalidDel - (Invalid Delete) Appears when an attempt is made to delete anapproach waypoint. Individual approach waypoints cannot be deleted,you must delete or replace the entire approach. InvalidEnt - (Invalid Entry) Appears when you attempt to enter data which is nota valid entry. For example, try...

APPENDIX D - ABBREVIATIONS STATE ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION STATE AK Alaska AL Alabama AR Arkansas AZ Arizona CA California CO Colorado CT Connecticut DC District of Columbia DE Delaware FL Florida GA Georgia IA Iowa ID Idaho IL Illinois IN Indiana KS Kansas KY Kentucky LA Louisiana MA Massachusetts...

STATE ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) OR Oregon PA Pennsylvania RI Rhode Island SC South Carolina SD South Dakota TN Tennessee TX Texas UT Utah VA Virginia VT Vermont WA Washington WI Wisconsin WV West Virginia WY Wyoming CANADIAN PROVINCE ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION PROVINCE AB Alberta BC British Columbia MB...

COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) VENEZU VENEZUELA VIETNA VIETNAM VINCEN ST. VINCENT VIR UK VIRGIN ISLANDS (U.K.) VIR US VIRGIN ISLANDS (U.S.) W SOMO AMERICAN/WESTERN SAMOA WAKE I WAKE ISLAND WALLIS WALLIS/FUTUNA ISLANDS YEMEN YEMEN (ARAB REPUBLIC) YUGOSL YUGOSLAVIA ZAIRE FORMER ZAIRE ZAMBIA ZAMBIA ZIM...

ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) WAS WASHINGTON WEL WELLINGTON WIN WINNIPEG WND WINDHOEK WUH WUHAN YAK YAKUTSK YAN YANGON YEK YEKATERINBURG YEN YENISEYSK YER YEREVAN YS YUZHNO-SAKHALINSK ZAG ZAGREB ZHA ZHAMBYL ZHK ZHEZKAZGAN ZHY ZHIGANSK ZUR ZURICH ZYR ZYRYANKA OTHER ABBREVIATIONS USED ON KLN 94 PAGES A...

LAT/LON CONVERSIONS (Cont’d) SECONDS (“) HUNDREDTHS OF A MINUTE (‘) 33 .55 34 .57 35 .58 36 .60 37 .62 38 .63 39 .65 40 .67 41 .68 42 .70 43 .72 44 .73 45 .75 46 .77 47 .78 48 .80 49 .82 50 .83 51 .85 52 .87 53 .88 54 .90 55 .92 56 .93 57 .95 58 .97 59 .98 For example:35° 46’ 24” is the same as 35° ...

APPENDIX F - GPS PRIMER BACKGROUND The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation sys-tem that was originally conceived and implemented by the United StatesDepartment of Defense (DoD). The system is, however, available to allcivilian users free of charge. GPS provides extremely ...

quickly lock on to the satellites in view. Otherwise, the receiver wouldhave to look for each of the 24 satellites to determine which ones could beused. Almanac data is very crude data which describes the approximate orbitalposition of the satellites. Each of the 24 satellites transmits the almanacd...

• QuickTune™ Comm and Nav frequencies into KX 155A and KX 165A (section 3-15). Note: Additional wires must be installedbetween the KLN 94 and the KX 155A or KX 165A for QuickTune™to be operational. • Manually from cursor over frequency and press ENT • Automatically when ILS, LOC, VOR approach loaded...

• “AUTO” is shown next to the map scale when automatic range scal- ing has been selected (section 3.11.4.9). • Added waypoints from the “nearest list” to the active flight plan way- points on the NAV 4 (map) scan list (section 3.11.4.11). • Rotatable aircraft symbol on map in place of diamond symbol...

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide Index I-1 KLN 94 INDEX A Abbreviations Airport names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-24, 3-51Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-60ARTCC/FIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Alerting Altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6Special Use Airspace (SUA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-66Voltage, avionics bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-20Waypoint . . . . . . ...

Index I-4 Cities on map display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-44City of airport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-51Clear button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Index I-6 E Editing Flight plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5, 4-6DP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-43STAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....