Page 3 - Contents
iii Contents Preface ix Who should read this manual ................................................................... x Conventions used in this manual.............................................................. x Chapter 1 Introduction 1 What is an Intel® NetStructure™ Cache Appliance? ...........
Page 4 - Chapter 4
iv Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide iv Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Using the ARM page .............................................................................. 21 Using the Other page .............................................................
Page 5 - Chapter 5Using the Command-Line Interface
Contents v Chapter 5Using the Command-Line Interface 49 Starting the command-line interface ....................................................... 50 Starting the appliance the first time .................................................. 50 Using the appliance after initial start-up .................
Page 6 - Chapter 6
vi Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide vi Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Using the monitor menu ......................................................................... 99 Viewing Node statistics............................................................
Page 11 - Preface
xi Preface This manual describes how to use and configure an Intel ® NetStructure ™ Cache Appliance system (referred to as “appliance” in this manual) either as a single node or as a cluster of nodes. The manual covers the following topics: ◆ Chapter 1 contains an overview of the appliance and an ov...
Page 12 - Who should read this manual; This manual uses the following conventions.
xii Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Who should read this manual This manual is intended for system administrators who configure, run, and administer Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance systems. Consequently, the information in the manual was written with the assumption that t...
Page 13 - Chapter 1; Introduction; The Intel
1 Chapter 1 Introduction The Intel ® NetStructure ™ Cache Appliance is a carrier-class caching appliance that offers high performance, high availability, and simple centralized management. The appliance automatically and efficiently copies network documents and images, bringing them closer and servi...
Page 14 - What is an Intel; Why use this caching appliance?; See; Flexible cache architecture; Web proxy cache
2 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide What is an Intel ® NetStructure ™ Cache Appliance? Internet users request billions of documents each day all over the world. Unfortunately, global data networking has become difficult for professionals as they struggle with overloaded server...
Page 15 - feature is also called; Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance features; The appliance scales from a single node into multiple-node
Chapter 1 Introduction 3 Server accelerator The appliance can be configured as a web server to accelerate slower traditional web servers. Documents stored in cache are served at high speed, while documents not in cache are requested on demand from slower, traditional web servers. This server acceler...
Page 16 - FTP
4 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Multithreading process support The appliance is the first commercial caching proxy server to aggressively implement multithreading, breaking down large transactions into small, efficient tasks. The appliance processes multiple outstanding re...
Page 17 - SNMP Network Management; How to use this guide
Chapter 1 Introduction 5 SNMP Network Management The appliance can be monitored and managed through SNMP network management facilities. The appliance supports two management information bases (MIBs). The first, MIB-2 is a well known standard MIB. The second, the proprietary Intel NetStructure Cache ...
Page 19 - Chapter 2; Getting Star ted; This chapter contains the following sections:
7 Chapter 2 Getting Star ted This chapter contains the following sections: ◆ Starting the system for the first time‚ on page 8 ◆ Accessing the Manager UI‚ on page 12 ◆ Accessing the command-line interface‚ on page 15 ◆ Verifying that caching works‚ on page 15 ◆ Changing passwords‚ on page 15
Page 20 - Starting the system for the first time; NetStructure Cache Appliance Quick Start.
8 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Starting the system for the first time Before you can start the Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance, make sure it is physically connected properly. Connections include: ✔ Connecting to the network through the primary network interface. ✔ Conn...
Page 21 - for both the login and password, and press Enter.; Use the arrow keys to select setup and press the Enter key.
Chapter 2 Getting Started 9 4 After your system completes the boot procedure, a console login prompt appears with fields for both a login and password. At the prompt, supply admin for both the login and password, and press Enter. 5 After you login, the VT100 terminal emulator screen displays this in...
Page 23 - When the; prompt appears, press the Enter
Chapter 2 Getting Started 11 installation, the bottom of the screen keeps you apprised of the installation’s progress. 17 After the installation is complete, use the arrow keys to position the cursor on commit as follows: setup Initial Intel Cache Setup install Install Intel Cache –commit Commit Set...
Page 24 - Accessing the Manager UI; NetStructure Cache Appliance Product Support booklet
12 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Accessing the Manager UI The Manager UI is a browser-based interface, consisting of a series of web pages. Use the Manager UI to monitor performance and configure and fine-tune selected nodes in your cluster. You can access any node in the ...
Page 25 - Using Monitor and Configure mode; The Manager UI has two modes, Monitor and Configure:
Chapter 2 Getting Started 13 Figure 1 The Dashboard page Using Monitor and Configure mode The Manager UI has two modes, Monitor and Configure: ✔ In Monitor mode, view performance statistics and graphs. To access Monitor mode, click the top of the MONITOR tab. ✔ In Configure mode, view and modify the...
Page 26 - When you are in; Monitor mode frame
14 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Figure 2 shows the control frame buttons for both the Monitor and Configure modes. Figure 2 The Monitor and Configure Control Frames When you are in Monitor mode, you can access all the pages that report information about the appliance’s pe...
Page 27 - Using online help; Accessing the command-line interface
Chapter 2 Getting Started 15 Using online help Both the MONITOR and CONFIGURE tabs have a Help page button. When you click the Help page button, the online help opens in another browser window. Each of the Manager UI pages has online help available. Accessing the command-line interface You can acces...
Page 29 - Chapter 3; Monitoring Appliance Perfor mance
17 Chapter 3 Monitoring Appliance Perfor mance This chapter describes how to use the Manager UI to collect and interpret performance statistics on the Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance. This chapter contains the following sections: ◆ Accessing monitor pages‚ on page 18 ◆ Using the Dashboard page‚ o...
Page 30 - Accessing monitor pages; Using the Dashboard page
18 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Accessing monitor pages The Manager UI uses monitor pages to present performance information on the selected appliance and the cluster as a whole. A monitor page is a browser page displayed as a result of “clicking” on a page button in the ...
Page 31 - Dashboard alert lights; Resolving alarms; Exposing node detail
Chapter 3 Monitoring Appliance Performance 19 Use the Dashboard page to: ✔ Select a node ✔ See which nodes are on and which are off ✔ See if an alarm condition exists on any node If an alarm condition exists, you can click the alarm light to view a description of the alarm and resolve it. ✔ See the ...
Page 32 - Changing the selected node; Using the Node page
20 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide ✔ Cache hit rate, refresh ✔ Errors ✔ Aborts ✔ Active clients/servers ✔ Average fresh hit Note Online help provides descriptions for each of these statistics. Changing the selected node As mentioned earlier, information on pages accessed in ...
Page 33 - Using the Graphs page; Using the Cache page; Using the ARM page
Chapter 3 Monitoring Appliance Performance 21 Using the Graphs page The Graphs page provides a list of options for generating performance graphs for cache results, garbage collection, transfer rates, and object size for the currently selected node. ▼ Reaching the Graphs page 1 Be sure you are in mon...
Page 34 - Using the Other page
22 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide ▼ Reaching the ARM page 1 Be sure you are in monitor mode. If not, click the MONITOR tab. 2 Click the Arm page button. Note Online help provides descriptions of each of the statistics in the ARM page. Using the Other page The Other page rep...
Page 35 - Configuring the Appliance
23 Chapter 4 Configuring the Appliance This chapter describes the configuration options that control the Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance behavior and performance, and instructs you on how to set these values in the Manager UI. This chapter contains the following sections: ◆ Accessing configure pa...
Page 36 - Accessing configure pages; NetStructure; Using the Server Basics page
24 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Accessing configure pages The Manager UI uses configure pages to display and allow configuration changes to the selected appliance. A configure page is a browser page displayed as a result of “clicking” on a configure page button in the Man...
Page 37 - Setting general options
Chapter 4 Configuring the Appliance 25 Setting general options The following table describes the general configuration settings in the Intel NetStructure Cache section. Option Description on/off Enables or disables caching. When you disable caching, you shut down all cache and proxy services on a no...
Page 38 - Setting Web management options; What are virtual IP addresses?
26 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Setting Web management options The Web Management section lets you restart the cluster and specify refresh rates as observed in monitor mode. The following table describes these configuration settings. Setting virtual IP addressing options ...
Page 39 - Adding entries to the Virtual IP address list
Chapter 4 Configuring the Appliance 27 The following table describes the Virtual IP Addressing configuration settings. Adding entries to the Virtual IP address list You can add or change entries in the Virtual IP address pool by modifying the appliance’s Virtual IP address list. ▼ Modifying the Virt...
Page 40 - Setting browser auto configuration options; Setting throttling of network connections; The following table describes the section’s options.; Configuring load-shedding
28 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Setting browser auto configuration options The Autoconfiguration of Browsers section lets you specify an auto configuration file for the selected node. Web browsers use the appliance by specifying a preference to use a proxy server, usually...
Page 41 - Enabling SNMP agents; The following table describes the options.
Chapter 4 Configuring the Appliance 29 ✔ If it takes the appliance more than 750 milliseconds, it begins to shed 50% of its load. ✔ If the fresh-hit transaction time exceeds 1000 milliseconds, the appliance begins to shed 100% of its load. Load shedding is temporary; when hit-transaction times retur...
Page 42 - Using the Protocols page; Reaching the Protocols page; Configuring HTTP
30 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Using the Protocols page The Protocols page lets you view and change the selected appliance’s protocol configuration. You can tune HTTP, NNTP, and FTP timeout intervals; and configure the appliance to remove HTTP headers from documents to p...
Page 43 - Configuring NNTP
Chapter 4 Configuring the Appliance 31 Configuring NNTP The NNTP section lets you configure basic NNTP options. While this section lets you configure basic options, you must use the command-line interface to configure the appliance to cache articles from particular NNTP servers and news groups as we...
Page 46 - Configuring FTP
34 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Configuring FTP The FTP section lets you configure FTP protocols. The following table describes the options. Authentication Server Port The port on which the locally run authentication server accepts connections. If the authentication serve...
Page 47 - Cache activation
Chapter 4 Configuring the Appliance 35 Using the Cache page The Cache page allows you to configure the following: ✔ Cache activation ✔ Object freshness ✔ Variable object content ▼ Reaching the Cache page 1 Be sure you are in configure mode. If not, click the CONFIGURE tab. 2 Click the Cache page but...
Page 48 - Storage; The following table describes the storage options.; Freshness; The following table describes the freshness options.
36 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Storage The following table describes the storage options. Freshness The following table describes the freshness options. Option Description Maximum HTTP/FTP object size in bytes Specifies the maximum size of HTTP or FTP objects the applian...
Page 50 - Variable content
38 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Variable content The following table describes the variable configuration options. Option Description Do not cache Instructs the appliance to refuse to cache objects served in response to URL addresses that contain: ❚ ? ❚ ; ❚ cgi ❚ end in ....
Page 51 - Using the Security page
Chapter 4 Configuring the Appliance 39 Using the Security page The Security page lets you configure access to the Manager UI. You can set administrator and guest IDs and passwords (guests have read-only access) for the selected node. ▼ Reaching the Security page 1 Be sure you are in configure mode. ...
Page 52 - Reaching the Routing page; Setting HTTP parent caching options; Controlling parent proxy caching‚ on page 89.
40 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide ▼ Reaching the Routing page 1 Be sure you are in configure mode. If not, click the CONFIGURE tab. 2 Click the Routing page button. Setting HTTP parent caching options The appliance can participate as a member of an HTTP cache hierarchy. You...
Page 53 - Setting ICP options; In the ICP section you can establish ICP peers.; The following table describes the ICP options.; Establishing ICP peers
Chapter 4 Configuring the Appliance 41 Setting ICP options In the ICP section you can establish ICP peers. The following table describes the ICP options. Establishing ICP peers For ICP to work, the appliance must recognize its ICP neighbors (siblings and parents). Option Description ICP Mode Enables...
Page 54 - Adding an ICP Peer; Click the ICP Peers link.
42 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide ▼ Adding an ICP Peer 1 Click the ICP Peers link. 2 Click the Add Entry button. 3 Enter the information for the ICP peer host. If you want to clear the entire form of information, you can press the Reset button. 4 Click the Add button to sav...
Page 55 - Setting server accelerator options; The following table describes Server Accelerator options.
Chapter 4 Configuring the Appliance 43 Setting server accelerator options The Server Accelerator section allows you to configure the appliance as a Server Accelerator (also known as a reverse or server-side proxy). You can enable or disable this function as well as control how the appliance routes d...
Page 56 - Checking transparency; Using the Host Database page
44 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide 2 Click the Add Entry button. 3 From the Type field, select the type of rule you want to set ( map or reverse_map ). 4 In the Target field, enter the origin or from URL for the rule. You can enter up to four components; for example, <sch...
Page 57 - Configuring the host database
Chapter 4 Configuring the Appliance 45 Configuring the host database The appliance host database stores the domain name server (DNS) entries of servers that the appliance contacts to fulfill user requests. You configure the appliance host database by setting options in the Host Database Management s...
Page 59 - Configuring DNS; Using the Snapshots page
Chapter 4 Configuring the Appliance 47 Configuring DNS The DNS Configuration section lets you configure DNS services. The following table describes the options. Using the Snapshots page The Snapshots page lets you take snapshots of the selected appliance’s configurations or lets you restore previous...
Page 60 - Reaching the Snapshots page
48 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide ▼ Reaching the Snapshots page 1 Be sure you are in configure mode. If not, click the CONFIGURE tab. 2 Click the Snapshots page button. The following table describes the options. Note Once you create a snapshot for the appliance, you should ...
Page 61 - Chapter 5; Using the Command-Line Interface
49 Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface This chapter describes the command-line utility that you can use to configure the system’s network addresses and to control, configure, and monitor the Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance. This chapter contains the following sections: ◆ Starting the comma...
Page 62 - Starting the command-line interface; Starting the appliance the first time; These menu selections let you do the following:; Using the appliance after initial start-up
50 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Starting the command-line interface The command-line interface displays automatically on screen when you provide a serial interface connection to the appliance. For information on how to make a serial connection to the appliance, see the In...
Page 63 - logoff—Logoff from the current login.; Navigating the command-line interface; The following table explains how to navigate the interface:
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 51 These menu selections let you do the following: ✔ setup—Change the system’s network address configuration and time settings. See Using the setup menu‚ on page 52 for more information. ✔ main—Start or stop the cache and proxy services, check version infor...
Page 64 - Using the setup menu; Changing network addresses configuration
52 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide As you navigate through windows, you see the path of the window displayed in the top menu border, starting with the root menu. The following steps provide an example of how to view cache performance statistics from the monitor menu. 1 From ...
Page 65 - Changing the controller speed and transmission mode
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 53 4 In the New Hostname field, enter the hostname that you want to assign to the appliance, and press Enter. 5 In the New Netmask field, enter the netmask address that you want to assign to the appliance system, and press Enter. 6 Press CTRL-X to save your...
Page 66 - Configuring time zone settings; Using the main menu
54 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Configuring time zone settings You can configure the appliance for the appropriate time zone. ▼ Configuring the time zone setting 1 Select the setup menu, and press Enter. 2 Select timezone, and press Enter. Doing so displays a list of avai...
Page 67 - Checking the status of the Server and Manager; Starting the appliance
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 55 ✔ Start the appliance cache and proxy services. ✔ Stop the appliance cache and proxy services. ✔ View and maintain the version of software installed on the appliance. ✔ Clear persistent statistics. ✔ Reboot the system. ✔ Halt the system. ✔ Change Adminis...
Page 68 - Viewing and maintaining versions of the software; Installing a new version of the appliance software
56 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Viewing and maintaining versions of the software You can have up to two versions of the appliance software installed on the system at the same time. From these versions, you can choose which one is current and executes in the appliance. Ins...
Page 69 - Checking FTP; Application upgrade
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 57 4 Regardless of the type of upgrade, that is, application, patch, or OS/application, each upgrade requires two files, which you must copy into the correct directory on the FTP server: upgrade_info <upgrade_name>.tar.gz ▼ Starting the upgrade from t...
Page 70 - Patch upgrade; OS/Application upgrade; Running a different version of the appliance software
58 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Patch upgrade After you press Ctrl-X to proceed, the CLI displays this message: Installing The Patch. Please Wait... The server transfers the application upgrade tar.gz (typically less than 10 MB). When the transfer is complete, the CLI dis...
Page 71 - Deleting a version of the appliance software; Clearing statistics
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 59 Deleting a version of the appliance software You can delete a version of the appliance software when you need to add a newer version but you already have two versions installed. Note You cannot delete the currently running version of the appliance softwa...
Page 72 - Rebooting the System; Rebooting the system; Halting the System; Halting the system; and the password is; . This procedure allows you to change the; Changing the password
60 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide 5 Press CTRL-X to clear the statistics and return to the previous screen. Choosing to clear the statistics causes a confirmation message to appear. 6 Select start, and press Enter. Doing so resumes the caching functions in the appliance. Re...
Page 73 - Resetting to factory settings; Preparing a cache disk; Using the config menu
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 61 2 Select passwd, and press Enter. Doing so causes a prompt to appear requesting you to type and confirm the new administrator password. 3 Enter and confirm the new password. 4 Press CTRL-X to save your changes and return to the previous screen. Note Chan...
Page 74 - Setting general controls
62 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide ✔ Configure routing options. ✔ Configure the Adaptive Redirection Module (ARM) for transparent proxy caching. ✔ Configure the host database options. ✔ Configure logging options. Setting general controls You can stop, start, or restart cachi...
Page 75 - Configuring protocol options; Configuring HTTP options
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 63 address you want to use in this field and press CTRL-X to save your changes and return to the previous screen. ✔ To see whether the appliance is in reverse or forward proxy mode, select view-mode, and press Enter. A message displays at the bottom of the ...
Page 76 - Configuring NNTP options
64 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide User-Agent: identifies the agent making the request, usually abrowser Cookie: identifies the user that made the request ✔ To add HTTP headers, select add, and press Enter. You can add the following headers: From: identifies the user’s email...
Page 77 - Configuring NNTP servers
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 65 ✔ To Disable the appliance from caching and serving news articles select disable, and press Enter. ✔ To allow NNTP server feeds, select the first feeds in the menu and press Enter. ✔ To inhibit NNTP server feeds select the second feeds in the menu and pr...
Page 78 - The following table describes the tags you can use in a rule:; list files
66 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide The following table describes the tags you can use in a rule: Tag Description hostname Choose one of the following: ❚ host name ❚ host name:port ❚ IP address ❚ IP address:port ❚ .block—Use .block to block access to specific news groups. gro...
Page 80 - groups with the exception of; Deleting NNTP server rules; Select the config menu, and press Enter.; Press CTRL-X to save your change and return to the previous screen.
68 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide ExamplesThe following rule tells the appliance to block all requests from rec.* groups with the exception of rec.soccer : The following rule is an example of setting the port associated with the hostname: The following rule is an example of...
Page 81 - Configuring NNTP access
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 69 ▼ Viewing NNTP server rules 1 Select the config menu, and press Enter. 2 Select protocols, and press Enter. 3 Select nntp, and press Enter. 4 Select servers, and press Enter. 5 Select view, and press Enter. Doing so displays the file containing the NNTP ...
Page 83 - Configuring Secure Socket Layer (SSL) port
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 71 Configuring Secure Socket Layer (SSL) port You can view and specify the ports to which SSL is restricted. ▼ Viewing SSL ports 1 Select the config menu, and press Enter. 2 Select protocols, and press Enter. 3 Select ssl, and press Enter. 4 Select view, an...
Page 84 - Setting filter rules; Adding filter rules; Press CTRL-X to save the rule and return to the previous screen.
72 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide ✔ To set the inactivity timeout (the length of time the appliance waits for a response from the FTP server before abandoning the user’s request for data), select inactivity, and press Enter. Doing so causes a field to appear with the curren...
Page 86 - Setting remap rules
74 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide The following rule tells the appliance to keep the client IP address header for URL addresses that contain the regular expression politics and whose path prefix is /viewpoint . The following rule tells the appliance to strip all cookies to ...
Page 87 - from; to
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 75 3 Select remap, and press Enter. 4 Select add rules, and press Enter. 5 Enter a remap rule, and press Enter. 6 Press CTRL-X to save your changes and return to the previous screen. Each rule must consist of three fields: type target replacement . The foll...
Page 88 - Configuring the cache; Enabling caching for different protocols
76 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Configuring the cache You can configure cache storage options to do the following: ✔ Enable caching of objects for different protocols. ✔ Set disk storage options. ✔ Set freshness properties. ✔ Set caching rules. Enabling caching for differ...
Page 89 - Setting disk storage options; Press CTRL-X to save your changes and return to the previous screen.; Setting object freshness options; Setting freshness properties
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 77 Setting disk storage options You can configure the cache to store only objects below a certain size and to store a limited number of alternates. ▼ Setting disk storage options 1 Select the config menu, and press Enter. 2 Select cache, and press Enter. 3 ...
Page 90 - The following table shows the options:
78 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide The following table shows the options: Option Description Options to Verify freshness Choosing this option lets you configure how the appliance asks the original content server to verify the freshness of objects (revalidate them) before ser...
Page 91 - Configuring caching rules
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 79 Configuring caching rules The appliance uses caching rules to determine how a particular group of URL addresses should be cached. You can add, delete, and view caching rules. Caching rules can specify: ✔ Whether to cache objects ✔ How long to keep (pin) ...
Page 92 - Press CTRL-X to save your rule and return to the previous screen.
80 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide 3 Select rules, and press Enter. 4 Select add rules, and press Enter. 5 Enter a caching rule, and press Enter. 6 Press CTRL-X to save your rule and return to the previous screen. Each rule must have the following format: The following table...
Page 93 - Examples; and whose the paths contain the prefix
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 81 The following table lists the possible action tags and their allowed values: Examples The following rule tells the appliance to never cache FTP documents requested from the IP address 112.12.12.12. The following rule tells the appliance to keep in the ca...
Page 94 - Configuring security options; Controlling client access to the appliance
82 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide ▼ Viewing cache rules 1 Select the config menu, and press Enter. 2 Select cache, and press Enter. 3 Select rules, and press Enter. 4 Select view rules, and press Enter. Doing so displays the file containing the cache rules. Configuring secu...
Page 95 - Controlling access to the Manager UI
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 83 3 Select server, and press Enter. 4 Select delete rules, and press Enter. Doing so displays a list of current rules. If no rules exist, a message displays at the bottom of the screen indicating such. 5 Use the arrow keys to position the cursor over the r...
Page 96 - Configuring routing options; Configuring and maintaining ICP peers; Viewing and modifying ICP rules
84 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide ▼ Deleting Manager Allow rules 1 Select the config menu, and press Enter. 2 Select security, and press Enter. 3 Select mgmt, and press Enter. 4 Select delete rules, and press Enter. Doing so displays a list of the current rules. If no rules...
Page 97 - Adding ICP rules
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 85 ▼ Adding ICP rules 1 Select the config menu, and press Enter. 2 Select routing, and press Enter. 3 Select icp, and press Enter. 4 Select rules, and press Enter. 5 Select add rules, and press Enter. 6 Add an ICP rule, and press Enter. 7 Press CTRL-X to sa...
Page 98 - Example; Deleting ICP rules
86 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Example The following example configuration is for three nodes: the local host, one parent, and one sibling: ▼ Deleting ICP rules 1 Select the config menu, and press Enter. 2 Select routing, and press Enter. 3 Select icp, and press Enter. 4...
Page 99 - Viewing current ICP settings
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 87 ▼ Viewing ICP rules 1 Select the config menu, and press Enter. 2 Select routing, and press Enter. 3 Select icp, and press Enter. 4 Select rules, and press Enter. 5 Select view rules, and press Enter. Doing so causes the file containing the ICP rules to a...
Page 100 - Enabling and disabling multicast in ICP
88 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Enabling and disabling multicast in ICP You can enable or disable multicast in ICP. ▼ Enabling multicast in ICP 1 Select the config menu, and press Enter. 2 Select routing, and press Enter. 3 Select icp, and press Enter. 4 Select enable-mul...
Page 101 - Controlling parent proxy caching
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 89 ▼ Setting the ICP query timeout number 1 Select the config menu, and press Enter. 2 Select routing, and press Enter. 3 Select icp, and press Enter. 4 Select timeout, and press Enter. Doing so causes a field to appear that has the current timeout value in...
Page 104 - Configuring WCCP options
92 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide ▼ Viewing parent proxy caching rules 1 Select the config menu, and press Enter. 2 Select routing, and press Enter. 3 Select parent, and press Enter. 4 Select delete, and press Enter. 5 Select view rules, and press Enter. Doing so lists the ...
Page 105 - Configuring the Adaptive Redirection Module (ARM); Enabling and disabling transparent redirection
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 93 bottom field and press Enter. Finally, press CTRL-X to save your changes and return to the previous screen. ✔ To disable multicast communication, select disable multicast, and press Enter. ✔ To enable HTTP redirection, select enable HTTP, and press Enter...
Page 106 - Configuring ARM bypass rules; Adding ARM bypass rules
94 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Configuring ARM bypass rules The appliance uses ARM bypass rules to determine whether to bypass incoming client requests or to attempt to serve them transparently. You can add, delete, and view ARM bypass rules. ▼ Adding ARM bypass rules 1 ...
Page 108 - Configuring load-shedding options; Configuring the host database options; Configuring host database options
96 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide 3 Select bypass, and press Enter. 4 Select rules, and press Enter. 5 Select view rules, and press Enter. Doing so displays the file containing ARM bypass rules. Configuring load-shedding options When transparent proxy caching is enabled, th...
Page 110 - Configuring logging options
98 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide ▼ Viewing host database options 1 Select the config menu, and press Enter. 2 Select hostdb, and press Enter. 3 Select view, and press Enter. Configuring logging options You can configure the logging options used in the appliance. The applia...
Page 111 - Using the monitor menu; Viewing Node statistics
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 99 4 Supply a value for each field you want to change, and press Enter after filling in each field. 5 Press CTRL-X to save your changes and return to the previous screen. ▼ Viewing logging options 1 Select the config menu, and press Enter. 2 Select logging,...
Page 112 - Viewing Protocol statistics; Viewing protocol statistics; Select the monitor menu, and press Enter.; Select the protocol you want to view and press Enter.
100 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Viewing Protocol statistics Protocol statistics report the appliance system’s use of the HTTP, NNTP, FTP, and ICP protocols. ▼ Viewing protocol statistics 1 Select the monitor menu, and press Enter. 2 Select protocols, and press Enter. Doi...
Page 116 - Viewing Cache statistics
104 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Viewing Cache statistics Cache statistics report information about the cache size, bytes used, object look-up operations, object reads, object writes, update operations, and remove operations. ▼ Viewing Cache statistics 1 Select the monito...
Page 117 - Viewing Other statistics; Viewing host database statistics
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 105 Viewing Other statistics Other statistics report information about host database lookups, DNS lookups, cluster connections, and logging. ▼ Viewing host database statistics 1 Select the monitor menu, and press Enter. 2 Select other, and press Enter. 3 Se...
Page 118 - Viewing DNS statistics; Viewing cluster statistics
106 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide ▼ Viewing DNS statistics 1 Select the monitor menu, and press Enter. 2 Select other, and press Enter. 3 Select dns, and press Enter. Doing so causes the statistics to display on the screen. The following table describes the statistics. ▼ V...
Page 119 - Viewing logging statistics; Using the expert menu; and; Entering expert mode
Chapter 5 Using the Command-Line Interface 107 ▼ Viewing logging statistics 1 Select the monitor menu, and press Enter. 2 Select other, and press Enter. 3 Select logging, and press Enter. Doing so causes the statistics to display on the screen. The following table describes the statistics. Using the...
Page 120 - Using the save menu; Saving the current configuration to a floppy disk; Using the load menu; Loading a previously saved configuration from a floppy; Using the logoff menu; Logging off the system
108 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Using the save menu The save menu lets you save the current appliance configuration to a floppy disk. ▼ Saving the current configuration to a floppy disk 1 Select the save menu, and press Enter. Doing so causes the system to prompt you to ...
Page 121 - Troubleshooting Problems; This chapter provides information on the following topics:
109 Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Problems When the system doesn’t seem to be operating correctly, you can use the information in this chapter to help you find a solution. If the information in this chapter doesn’t solve your problem, refer to the Intel NetStructure Caching Appliance Product Support boo...
Page 122 - Rebooting your system; Rebooting your system from the CLI; You can reboot the appliance from the command-line interface.
110 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Rebooting your system Rebooting the Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance causes the underlying operating system to reboot. Rebooting the appliance is not the same as starting and stopping the caching software on your system. For instructions...
Page 123 - Upgrading software
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Problems 111 Upgrading software Periodically the caching application that runs on the Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance might need upgrading or might need to have a patch applied. In this case, visit Intel’s ISP web site at http://www.intel.com/isp and go to the product pa...
Page 125 - Appendix A; Caching Solutions and Perfor mance; NetStructure Cache Appliance.
113 Appendix A Caching Solutions and Perfor mance This appendix is an overview of the Web caching capabilities and performance of the Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance. This chapter covers the following topics. ◆ Web proxy caching‚ on page 114 ◆ Transparent proxy caching‚ on page 120 ◆ Server accel...
Page 126 - Web proxy caching; A day in the life of a cache request
114 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Web proxy caching The Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance is a high-performance caching proxy server. It is designed to efficiently handle multiple client connections simultaneously and supports HTTP, FTP, NNTP, ICP, and WCCP 2.0 protocols....
Page 127 - Ensuring cached object freshness
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 115 Step 4 If the data in the cache is stale, the appliance connects to the origin server and asks if the document is still fresh. If the document is still fresh, the appliance sends the cached copy to the user immediately. Step 5 If the object is not in ...
Page 128 - Revalidating objects
116 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide HTTP Web documents support optional author-specified expiration dates. The appliance adheres to these expiration dates; otherwise it picks an expiration date based on how frequently the document is changing and on administrator-chosen fres...
Page 129 - Deciding whether to serve HTTP objects
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 117 For example, if a document was last modified 32 days ago and was sent to the appliance two days ago, the document is considered fresh in cache for three days after it was sent. (This assumes a factor of 10%.) So for this situation, the document is con...
Page 130 - Configuring HTTP freshness options; Configuring HTTP revalidation
118 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide ✔ The min-fresh field, sent by clients, is an acceptable freshness tolerance. The client wants the object to be at least this fresh. If a cached document does not remain fresh at least this long in the future, it is revalidated. ✔ The max-...
Page 131 - Configuring HTTP cachability; Caching HTTP alternates
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 119 ✔ Evaluate freshness as follows: 1 Use the Expires header test, if applicable, otherwise go to step 2. If the object is stale, revalidate. If it is fresh, check the Cache-Control headers. 2 Use the Last-Modified / Date header test, if applicable, othe...
Page 132 - Transparent proxy caching; This section provides the following:
120 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide The following table lists the HTTP caching directives that the appliance follows. Transparent proxy caching In nontransparent proxy caching, client browsers must be configured to send Web requests to the Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance ...
Page 133 - Serving requests transparently; Interception strategies
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 121 ✔ Information on how the ARM changes packet addresses. See ARM redirection‚ on page 125. ✔ A description of the appliance’s adaptive bypass scheme. See Appliance adaptive bypass‚ on page 126. Serving requests transparently Here’s how the Intel NetStru...
Page 134 - Using a layer 4-aware switch to filter transparency requests
122 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide appliance, or routers or switches feeding it, is often deployed at a major artery or aggregation pipe to the Internet. The following sections provide more details about the Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance’s transparency routing solution...
Page 135 - Using a WCCP-enabled router for transparency; WCCP provides the following routing benefits:
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 123 Using a WCCP-enabled router for transparency A WCCP 2.0-enabled router can send all port 80 (HTTP) traffic to the Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance, as shown in Figure 4. After the WCCP router sends port 80 traffic, the ARM readdresses port 80 to the...
Page 136 - (refer to Cisco’s WCCP documentation for; Using policy-based routing to filter transparency requests
124 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide ✔ The appliance handles node failure in WCCP cache farms. If one node goes down, its load is redistributed among the remaining nodes. ✔ In WCCP, you can use multiple routers. Traffic flowing through multiple routers can share the same pool...
Page 137 - Translated requests are sent to the appliance.; ARM redirection
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 125 Figure 5 illustrates policy-based routing for HTTP objects. This routing scheme has the following characteristics: ✔ All client Internet traffic is sent to a router that feeds the appliance. ✔ The router sends port 80 (HTTP) traffic to the appliance a...
Page 138 - Adaptive interception bypass; Server software bugs.; Appliance adaptive bypass; More about bypass rules
126 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide ✔ NNTP packet destination IPs are readdressed with the IP address of the appliance. If the appliance uses a port other than 119 for NNTP, the destination NNTP port is readdressed as well. Adaptive interception bypass The Intel NetStructure...
Page 139 - Configuring bypass options; You can bypass requests based on the following criteria:
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 127 Static and dynamic (adaptive) bypass Bypass rules can be either static or adaptive. Adaptive bypass rules are dynamically generated if you configure the appliance to bypass in the case of non-HTTP port 80 traffic or HTTP errors. Static and dynamic rul...
Page 140 - Server acceleration
128 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Server acceleration In Web proxy caching, the Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance handles arbitrary Web requests to distant Web servers on behalf of a set of users. Server acceleration (also known as reverse proxy caching or virtual Web hos...
Page 141 - Advantages of server acceleration; Server acceleration advantages are similar to Web proxy caching:; Server acceleration described here applies to HTTP requests.; How server acceleration works
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 129 Advantages of server acceleration Server acceleration advantages are similar to Web proxy caching: ✔ The appliance is optimized for speed and multiple user connections and can be deployed close to users. ✔ Serving cached documents saves network bandwi...
Page 142 - Figure 6, the server request and host header would be:
130 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Whereas the corresponding proxy request would look like this: The appliance can construct a proxy request from a server request by using the server information in the host header. You might have noticed a small problem. The correct proxy r...
Page 143 - This map rule specifies the path; Web server redirects; (if the appliance assumes the associated name
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 131 This map rule specifies the path /jazz for jazz.flute.org on the server big.server.net . Generally, you use reverse proxy mode to support more than one origin server. In this case, all of the advertised host names resolve to the IP address or virtual ...
Page 144 - Understanding server acceleration mapping rules
132 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Understanding server acceleration mapping rules Rewrite rules each consist of three space-delimited fields: type , target , and replacement . ✔ Type indicates the type of rule. ✔ Target specifies the URL from which the request originates. ...
Page 145 - Examples of rules and translations; This rule results in the following translations:; Map rules with path prefixes specified in the target:; The order of the rules matters:
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 133 In a typical Server Accelerator configuration, there should be a reverse-map rule for every map rule, with the origin URL and replacement URL of the map rule reversed. Examples of rules and translations The following examples illustrate several import...
Page 146 - This rule results in the following translation:
134 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide In these examples, the second rule is never applied because all URL addresses that match the second rule also match the first rule. The first rule takes precedence because it appears earlier in the remap.config file. Example 4 A mapping wi...
Page 147 - Understanding cache hierarchies; HTTP cache hierarchy; HTTP cache hierarchies
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 135 Understanding cache hierarchies Cache hierarchies consist of levels of caches that communicate with each other. Hierarchical caching can give you information about the local access requirements of your users; this information might not appear in a lar...
Page 148 - ICP cache hierarchies
136 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide For information on how to enable parent caching from the Manager UI, see the parent caching section on the Configure: Routing page (see Setting HTTP parent caching options‚ on page 40). For information on how to enable parent failover usin...
Page 149 - NNTP cache hierarchies
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 137 How an ICP hit can be a miss If the appliance receives a hit message from an ICP peer, then it sends the HTTP request to that peer. It might turn out to be an actual miss, because the original HTTP request contains header information that is not commu...
Page 150 - News article caching
138 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide News article caching The Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance can function as a news server or a caching news server. News, also known as USENET and discussions, is a system of online discussion groups. NNTP is the protocol used to retrieve ...
Page 151 - The appliance as a news server; Maintains lists of supported news groups; The appliance as a caching proxy news server; Sends user postings to the parent news server.; Supporting several parent news servers
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 139 The appliance as a news server As a news server, the Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance does the following: ✔ Maintains lists of supported news groups ✔ Accepts news feeds for each supported news group ✔ Serves requested articles to users ✔ Accepts an...
Page 152 - Several news servers supplying the same groups:; Priorities; Several servers supplying different groups:; Blocking particular groups
140 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Some of the possible parent configurations that the appliance supports are as listed below: Several news servers supplying the same groups: Several news servers can be configured to redundantly serve the same groups, providing enhanced rel...
Page 153 - For more information about clustering, see Clustering‚ on page 144.; Transparency; Updating its cache on demand; Pull the overview information for specified groups:; commands) automatically and
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 141 Two types of clusters are supported: soft clusters and management-only clusters. A soft cluster consists of multiple appliances that use an external clustering device such as an L4 Switch or router to handle load balancing and routing responsibilities...
Page 154 - Pull the articles for specified groups:; Configuring Access control
142 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Pull the articles for specified groups: For all groups designated as pull, the appliance will retrieve the articles automatically and periodically. Pulling groups is useful when you do not want to or cannot set up a full or partial feed. D...
Page 155 - Obeying NNTP control messages; Client bandwidth throttling; Carrier-class architecture; Performance; Self-tuning DataFlow core
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 143 Obeying NNTP control messages By default, the Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance periodically checks the parent server for new groups, cancelled articles, and new articles for nonfeed news groups. If you have enabled these periodic checks in the Confi...
Page 156 - The appliance maintains a database of information about
144 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Fine-grained parallelism The appliance uses a highly parallel application that can manage hundreds of thousands of concurrent activities by combining kernel multithreading with an internal scheduling system called Nanothreading. Raw-disk o...
Page 157 - Advanced protocol features; The appliance supports; Fast kernel packet engine; Alarms
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 145 Advanced protocol features The appliance supports ✔ Performance features of the emerging HTTP 1.1 protocol, such as persistent connections, request pipelining, and cache-control features. ✔ A rich set of commands to optimize the performance of NNTP br...
Page 158 - Virtual IP failover; The appliance handles virtual IP failover in the following ways:
146 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Figure 10 The Monitor Dashboard The appliance also supports email notification for alarms. You set the email address to which alarms are sent from the command-line interface. Virtual IP failover The virtual IP failover option is available ...
Page 159 - Load shedding; Node fault tolerance; Expansion capabilities
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 147 Load shedding Overload conditions, such as network outages, misconfigured routers, or security attacks, can slow down the Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance’s response time. In transparent configurations, the appliance can use its ARM bypass functiona...
Page 160 - Centralized administration
148 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Centralized administration The Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance incorporates many native command and control features for carrier-class system management and administration. The following list provides an overview of these features: Sing...
Page 161 - Client ACL
Appendix A Caching Solutions and Performance 149 enable SNMP access to either one or both of these MIBS on your Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance. See Enabling SNMP agents‚ on page 29. If a device fails, it can send a warning message or an SNMP trap to the SNMP monitoring station. All SNMP agents r...
Page 163 - Appendix B; Error Messages; This appendix contains the following sections:
151 Appendix B Error Messages This appendix contains the following sections: ◆ HTML messages sent to clients‚ on page 152 describes the HTML error messages that the Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance sends to browser clients (not to be confused with standard HTTP response codes) ◆ Standard HTTP resp...
Page 164 - HTML messages sent to clients
152 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide HTML messages sent to clients The appliance returns detailed error messages to browser clients when there are problems with the HTTP transactions requested by the browser. These response messages correspond to standard HTTP response codes,...
Page 166 - Standard HTTP response messages
154 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Standard HTTP response messages The following standard HTTP response messages are provided for your information. For a more complete list and descriptions, see the Hypertext Transfer Protocol — HTTP/1.1 Specification. Proxy Authentication ...
Page 169 - Glossar y
157 Glossar y Alternates Different versions of the same web object. Some web servers answer requests to the same URL with a variety of objects. The content of these objects can vary widely, depending on whether a server delivers content for different languages, targets different browsers with differ...
Page 172 - See Web proxy server.
160 Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance Administrator’s Guide Parent cache A cache higher up in a Cache hierarchy, to which the Intel NetStructure Cache Appliance can send requests. POP 1. Point of Presence. Usually a city or location to which a network can be connected, often with dial up phone line...
Page 175 - Index
163 Index A adaptive bypass 126 Adaptive Redirection Module about 145 what it does 121 alternates 119 ARM about 145 WCCP and 124 what it does 121 B bypass options 127 bypass rules dynamic 127 static 127 C cache affinity 122 Cache-Control headers 117 child cache 135 clustering management-only 141 Con...
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