Apple 145B - Manual

n Part III Macintosh Reference 91 Chapter 6 Setting Up Your Programs 91 Reminder: Back up 91 Reinstalling system software 91 Installing your programs 92 Installing programs without a floppy disk drive 92 Installing system software from floppy disks 93 Checking for computer viruses 94 Working with se...

Finding an item 136 Finding an item by name 136 Finding an item using other criteria 137 Finding items that meet two criteria 139 Ways to use the Find command 139 Creating a template or stationery 140 Getting information about your files 141 Using the Info window 141 Using the View menu 142 Assignin...

Managing memory 161 Checking memory use 161 Making the most of your memory 162 Adjusting the disk cache 162 Using hard disk space as memory 163 Turning on 32-bit addressing 164 Setting the beep sound 165 Installing a sound 166 Removing a sound 166 Recording sounds 167 Changing the background pattern...

Using access privileges 213 Understanding access privileges 213 Setting access privileges to folders and disks 214 Access privilege strategies 215 Working with privileges others have set 217 Checking your access privileges 217 Linking programs 218 Linking to a program on another computer 218 Disconn...

Appendix A Keyboard and Character Sets 259 Using Caps Lock 260 Typing special characters and symbols 260 Appendix B Exchanging Disks and Files with MS-DOS Computers 263 Initializing a disk in MS-DOS format 263 Converting files to and from MS-DOS format 265 Other file-conversion options 267 Appendix ...

Radio and television interference The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordancewith Apple’s instructions—it may cause interference with radio and television reception. This equipm...

How to Use This Book This book has several parts. n Chapter 1 explains how to set up your computer and learnhow to use it. n Chapters 2–5 are a tutorial designed for people who have notused a Macintosh computer before. If you are new to theMacintosh, you should read this section of the book beforeyo...

Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook In this chapter m Setting up your computer m Backing up your computer’s hard disk m Learning how to use your computer m Turning the computer on and off m Important care and safety instructions m Being comfortable while you work m New Macintosh users: If you have n...

Setting up the computer Step 1: Plug in the power adapter Plugging in the power adapter recharges the computer’s batterywhile you work. You should plug it in now in case the battery hasdrained during shipping and storage. s Warning: Use only the power adapter that came with your PowerBook computer. ...

Step 2: Open the display m Slide the latch to the right and lift up the display. Position the display at a comfortable viewing angle. You canadjust the angle of the display at any time. Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 3

Step 3: Turn on the computer m Open the door to the back panel of your computer. m Press the power button to turn the computer on. Thepower button has this icon: I You hear a tone when you turn on the computer. It takes thecomputer a moment to start up. Power button 4 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Maci...

What to do next m If you have never used a Macintosh computer before,continue with the section “Learning the Basics.” m Otherwise, continue with the section “Backing Up Your HardDisk.” This section contains important information aboutprotecting your software. Then go to “Turning the PowerBookOn and ...

Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 7 I Power button Elevation feet ¯ Power adapter port g SCSI port (HDI-30) V Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port ≈ Sound in port - Sound out port P Reset button ¥ Interrupt button Speaker ¤ Brightness control O Contrast control Floppy disk drive W Modem port [ ...

Backing up your hard disk This section describes how to protect the software on yourcomputer’s hard disk. Why back up? Your computer’s hard disk comes with valuable informationstored on it, including the system software (which operates the computer) and some programs. You should make a copy of thein...

What you need Just as you’d need paper to make copies of important documents,you need floppy disks to copy the information on your hard disk.You can probably buy the floppy disks at the same place youbought the computer. Floppy disks come in a variety of sizes and capacities. The onesyou need for th...

Make the copy To start the PowerBook 145B Backup program, follow theseinstructions: 1. Turn on your computer. 2. Open the PowerBook 145B Backup program by double- clicking its icon. After a moment, the PowerBook 145B Backup program opens. 3. Make sure your disks are high-density floppy disks. Then c...

6. Follow the instructions on the screen until a message tells you that you’re finished. Remember to label eachdisk with the name displayed on the screen. The namewill disappear as soon as the disk is ejected. Be sure to follow the labeling instructions so you can find thefloppy disks again later. 7...

Turning the PowerBook on and off Your Macintosh PowerBook can be in one of three power states:off, sleep, or on. Off When the PowerBook is off, the computer is not using any poweror doing any work. The terms shut down and off both refer to this state. You should turn the computer off to m attach oth...

Sleep When the PowerBook is in sleep, it draws enough power tomaintain the information in its memory (including any openprograms and documents). The computer is on, but almostcompletely inactive. You should put the computer to sleep to conserve power whenyou take a work break. To put the PowerBook t...

On When the PowerBook is on, you can do your work. To turn the PowerBook on m If the computer is off, press the power button (marked withthe icon I ). m If the computer is in sleep, press any key on the keyboard(except Caps Lock). On/off summary If the And you want it to be power state is Off Sleep ...

16 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook When you turn on your computer When you turn on your PowerBook, the computer looks on thehard disk inside the computer for the system software it uses tostart itself up. (A disk that contains the system software is calleda startup disk.) When the com...

Restarting a computer that’s already on You need to restart your computer—turn it off and back on againimmediately—when you want to make certain changes to yourcontrol panels, use a newly installed system software file, or startup the computer from a different disk. m Choose Restart from the Special...

m Hold down the power button for 5 seconds. When you let go, the computer turns itself off. Turning thecomputer off with the power button erases the contents of aRAM disk. m Restart from a floppy disk. 1. Insert the Disk Tools disk into the floppy disk drive. 2. Press the power button. If the comput...

Learning the basics The PowerBook comes with a tour and a tutorial to help you startusing your computer as quickly as possible. m The Macintosh Basics tour teaches the most basic skills you need to master before you can use your computer. m The tutorial section of this book (Chapters 2–5) reviews th...

Finding the tour Your Macintosh Basics tour may be on a floppy disk, or it may be on the computer’s hard disk. m If the Macintosh desktop appeared on the screen when youfirst turned on your computer, then the system softwareand the Macintosh Basics tour were installed on your computer’s hard disk at...

2. Being careful not to roll the trackball, press the trackball button twice in quick succession. Now your screen should look like the picture following step 3.If it doesn’t, try steps 1 and 2 again, paying special attention tothe following: m Make sure the tip of the arrow is touching the picture, ...

4. Being careful not to roll the trackball, press the trackball button twice in quick succession. Now your screen should look like the following illustration: 5. Roll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture of the man labeled “Macintosh Basics.” Make sure the tip of the arrow is over the pi...

6. Press the trackball button twice in quick succession. Now your screen should look like the following picture: If you don’t see this screen, try again, paying special attentionto the following: m Make sure the tip of the arrow is touching the picture, notthe words beneath it. m Be sure to press th...

Starting the tour from a floppy disk 1. Insert the Macintosh Basics disk into the floppy disk drive (metal end first, label side up). After a moment, your screen should look like this: Insert metal end first. 24 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook

2. Roll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture of the man labeled “Macintosh Basics.” Make sure the tip of the arrow is over the picture of the man,not over the words “Macintosh Basics.” 3. Press the trackball button twice in quick succession. Now your screen should look like the following...

Important care and safety instructions For your own safety and that of your equipment, read and followall the instructions in this section. Keep these instructionsavailable for reference by you and others. ± Warning m Electrical equipment may be hazardous if misused. Operationof this product, or sim...

s Caution m If you have a problem with your computer and nothingpresented in the manuals that came with the computer solvesthe problem, take the computer to your authorized Appledealer or service provider. Attempting to repair the computeryourself may void the limited warranty. Contact yourauthorize...

Health concerns associated withcomputer use Muscle soreness, eye fatigue, and other discomforts and injuriessometimes associated with computer use can result fromperforming any number of activities. Misuse of the same musclesduring multiple activities can create a problem that might nototherwise exi...

Repetitive stress injuries Repetitive stress injuries (RSIs) can occur when a certain muscleor tendon is repeatedly overused and forced into an unnaturalposition. The exact causes of RSIs are not understood, but it isthought that awkward posture, the amount of repetition, theforce used in the activi...

Arranging your work space and equipment The suggestions in this section can help you work morecomfortably with your computer. Chair Whenever possible, use an adjustable chair that provides firm,comfortable support. m Adjust the height of the chair so your thighs are horizontal,your feet flat on the ...

m If you prefer, you can adjust the angle of the keyboard byrotating the elevation feet at both ends of the back panel untilthey snap into position. The back of the keyboard is slightly elevated when the feet arein use. Otherwise, the keyboard is level. Mouse If you use a mouse, position it at the s...

General suggestions m Wherever you’re working, take a moment to think aboutwhether you feel comfortable, and change position ifnecessary. m Occasionally rest your eyes. From time to time focus your eyeson a distant object, and blink often while you work. m Some computer users may develop discomfort ...

Working on the Desktop In this chapter Review basic trackball skills: m Moving the pointer m Choosing a command m Opening an icon m Looking at the contents of a window And learn: m How to close a window m How to move a window m What the icons on your desktop represent Before you begin You should hav...

Use the trackball Your computer has a two-button trackball. You use the ball itself tocontrol the movements of a pointer on the screen. The pointeryou’ll see most often is an arrow ( 8 ). You use the buttons to initiate actions that you want the computerto perform. Both trackball buttons do the same...

Click You click an object on the screen by pressing and quickly releasinga trackball button while the pointer is over that object. Practice clicking different objects on the Macintosh desktop, suchas the startup hard disk icon near the upper-right corner and theTrash icon near the lower-right corner...

Press You press by holding down a trackball button without moving thetrackball. Practice pressing the menu names and icons in the menu bar—start with the Apple ( K ) menu icon at the left side, through the menu names, and across to the Help and Application menu iconsat the right side. Pressing a men...

Drag You drag an object on the screen by pointing to that object andholding down a trackball button while you roll the trackball. Practice dragging the startup hard disk icon and the Trash iconaround the Macintosh desktop. When you drag an icon, an outlineof the icon follows the pointer on the scree...

Choose a command Choosing a command involves using a combination of thetrackball actions you’ve reviewed. 1. Point to the Special menu title in the menu bar. 2. Press to pull down the Special menu. 3. Drag to the first item in the menu (the Clean Up Desktop command) so it becomes highlighted,and the...

Open an icon Opening an icon is your first exercise in telling the computer what you want it to do. 1. Click the startup hard disk icon to select it. The icon is in the upper-right corner of the screen.Unless someone has changed its name, the icon is called“Macintosh HD.” Make sure that the icon is ...

Look at the contents of a window Every window has several features that help you view thewindow’s contents. But before you can work with the contents ofa window, you need to make that window the active window. Make a window the active window You can have several windows open on your screen at onetim...

5. Click anywhere in the Macintosh HD window to make it the active window. Notice that the solid lines now appear at the top of theMacintosh HD window. (The area containing the window titleand the solid lines is called the title bar.) When windowsoverlap, the active window is the one that’s on top. ...

Move the hidden contents of a window into view As you work with your computer, you’ll encounter windowscontaining more than you can view on the screen at one time. Youcan view contents that are out of sight, as described in thefollowing steps. 1. Check that the Macintosh HD window is active, then cl...

9. Drag the scroll box toward the middle of the horizontal scroll bar, and then release the trackball button. Now you see the icons near the middle of the window. The vertical scroll bar, scroll box, and scroll arrows work the sameway. Try them. Close a window When you no longer need to see the cont...

Move a window You can move a window anywhere on the screen by dragging itstitle bar. By changing the position and size of windows, you canarrange your Macintosh desktop in whatever way is best for you. 1. Point to the title bar of the (active) Macintosh HD window. Position the pointer anywhere on th...

The window closes, and the Macintosh HD icon reappears inits previous form. The Trash window (the remaining window on the Macintoshdesktop) becomes the active window. 4. Close the Trash window by choosing Close Window from the File menu. You choose Close Window by pointing to the File menutitle, pre...

Documents are files containing words, pictures, numbers,sounds —whatever you create with your programs. The Trash is a container for files that you no longer want. Windows let you see what’s inside containers Windows let you see what’s inside all these containers.When you open a disk icon, the windo...

Using the keyboard You use the keyboard to type text and numbers, just as youwould on a typewriter. (For touch typists, your keyboard hasraised dots in the middle of the D key and the K key to helpposition your fingers on the home row.) Depending on the program you’re using, you can use specialkeys ...

55 Creating and Changing a Document In this chapter n How to open a program n How to use a program to create a document n Why it’s important to save your work, and how to save it n How to switch between programs n How programs and system software differ from each other n How to close a document n Ho...

Open a program Your computer comes with a simple word-processing programcalled TeachText. You’re going to use this program to create adocument. 1. Open the Macintosh HD icon. (Click the icon to select it, and then choose Open from theFile menu.) The Macintosh HD window appears, showing you theconten...

Create a document The untitled window is like a blank sheet of paper. In theupper-left corner of the empty document is a blinking vertical line (|). This line is called the insertion point, because it marks the place where the text you type will be inserted. As you type, use your computer keyboard a...

58 Chapter 3: Creating and Changing a Document 2. Type “Opening Lines”. Because the word “Untitled” is selected (highlighted) whenthe dialog box appears, all you have to do to name yourdocument is start typing. Whatever you type replaces theselected text. 3. Click Save. The window is now titled “Ope...

2. Make the Finder the active program by clicking the Macintosh HD icon, or clicking anywhere on thedesktop outside the Opening Lines window. The Finder becomes the active program. Notice: n The Macintosh HD window appears on top of theOpening Lines window. n The menu bar shows the Finder’s menu tit...

You choose Finder by pointing to the Application menu icon,pressing to pull down the menu, dragging to highlight thename Finder, and then releasing the trackball button. The Finder becomes the active program, and theMacintosh HD window becomes the active window. 5. Make TeachText the active program ...

Open a document When you open a document, the program you used to create thatdocument becomes the active program. 1. If you closed the Macintosh HD window, open the Macintosh HD icon now. (Click the icon to select it, and then choose Open from theFile menu.) The Macintosh HD window appears, showing ...

2. Open the Opening Lines icon by double-clicking it. To double-click an icon, you click it twice in rapid successionwithout moving the pointer. (Use the trackball to position thepointer over the icon, and then click one of the trackballbuttons twice.) Double-clicking an icon has the same effect ass...

Now you’ll rearrange some text. 9. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate left of the word “they” (after “conscience,”). 10. Drag horizontally, selecting the word “they”, and then release the trackball button. 11. With “they” selected, choose Cut from the Edit menu. Choosing Cut removes the select...

15. Press the space bar once, type “are”, and then press the space bar once again. 16. Move the I-beam pointer between the letters t and h in the word “they”. 17. Click the trackball button to place the insertion point. 18. Press the Delete key once and then type a capital T . Save your work so far ...

Make more changes The changes you’ve made so far are now part of the documentthat’s stored on your hard disk. 1. Move the I-beam pointer ( 9 ) between the letters E and n in the word “Endowed”. 2. Click once to place the insertion point. 3. Press the Delete key once and then type a lowercase e . 4. ...

11. Select the word “togetherness” by double-clicking it. To select a word by double-clicking it, position the I-beampointer over the word and then click twice in rapidsuccession, without moving the pointer. 12. With “togetherness” selected, type “brotherhood”. You may now have extra spaces or no sp...

Make a copy of a document You’ll often want to make a copy of a document so you canpreserve the original and modify the copy. To practice making acopy of a document, you’ll use the “Opening Lines” documentyou created. 1. If you closed the Macintosh HD window, open the Macintosh HD icon now. (Click t...

3. Choose Duplicate from the File menu. A new icon, labeled “Opening Lines copy”, appears in the harddisk window. Notice that the icon is selected. Other ways to make a copy of a file are outlined in the summarychapter in the reference section of this book. Change the name of an icon You can change ...

3. With the name selected, type “Article 1”. Whatever you type replaces the selected text. 4. Press the Return key. Pressing Return saves the new name. Now you have two identical documents with different names.You can revise one without changing the other. Use the Trash When you no longer need a fil...

Chapter 4 Working With Disks In this chapter m What hard disks and floppy disks are for, and how they differ m How to insert and remove a floppy disk m How to prepare a disk for use m How to copy the contents of a disk m How to protect a floppy disk and its contents m How to put programs onto your c...

Insert a floppy disk Your computer’s floppy disk drive can accommodate 3.5-inch(89-millimeter) floppy disks of two types: m high-density disks, which can hold up to 1.4 megabytes (MB)of information m double-sided disks, which can hold up to 800 kilobytes (K)of information (The next page explains kil...

Floppy disks and hard disks Both floppy disks and hard disks function like filing cabinets:you use them to store information. You can store much more ona hard disk than on a floppy disk, however, and the computercan retrieve information from a hard disk much faster. Floppy disks and hard disks are r...

Initialize a disk Every new disk needs to be prepared for use. Preparing a newdisk is called initializing it. In the same way that lines are drawn ona newly paved parking lot to mark off parking spaces, theinitializing process creates organized areas on the disk where thecomputer can store informati...

3. Click Erase. A third dialog box appears: 4. Type “Practice”. If you make any typing errors, press the Delete key tobackspace over them. 5. Click OK. The computer takes about a minute to initialize the disk.Messages appear on the screen to let you know how theprocess is going. When initialization ...

Copy the contents of a disk Most programs you’ll use with your Macintosh are supplied onfloppy disks. You can use a program more efficiently if you firstinstall it on your hard disk. You install most programs by copyingthem from the floppy disk to your hard disk. To practice copying the contents of ...

3. Open the Practice folder icon. To open the icon, click the icon to select it and then chooseOpen from the File menu. The folder holds the contents of the floppy disk you’vecopied. In this case, the folder is empty because there’snothing on the Practice disk. 4. Close all the windows on the Macint...

Take a floppy disk out of its drive You take a floppy disk out of its drive when you no longer need toget information from or store information on that disk. 1. Click the Practice floppy disk icon to select it. Click the icon, not its name. 2. Eject the floppy disk by choosing Put Away from the File...

Protect the contents of a disk You can lock a floppy disk so its contents cannot be changed inany way. When a disk is locked, you can look at the files itcontains, but you cannot modify the files on it, delete them, orstore any new files. Use your practice disk to practice locking and unlocking aflo...

On your own: Install your programs If you have a floppy disk drive and disks containing programs thatyou plan to use with your Macintosh, you can install the programson your hard disk now (or you can wait until later and continuewith the next chapter). The general instructions in this section descri...

6. Click the program folder to select it. 7. Choose Open from the File menu. The folder window appears, showing you the contents of the program folder. The folder has the same contents as theprogram disk. 8. Look for a System Folder in the program folder. Some program disks contain a System Folder s...

85 Learning More About Your Computer In this chapter m How to open the Battery desk accessory m How to open the PowerBook control panel m How to use the Balloon Help system m Where to look for information about your computer and its software Before you begin Make sure that your computer is on. This ...

Open the Battery desk accessory The Battery desk accessory tells you approximately how muchpower is left in the battery as you use the computer. To open the Battery desk accessory: m Choose Battery from the Apple ( K ) menu. You can leave the Battery desk accessory open to keep track ofthe battery c...

2. Open the PowerBook icon. (Click the icon once to select it, then choose Open from theFile menu. Or double-click the icon.) The PowerBook control panel appears. You drag the BatteryConservation slider to the left to improve performance (butbattery power is used up more quickly) or to the right toc...

4. To show a balloon describing your startup hard disk, point to the hard disk icon. A balloon appears next to the icon. Balloons do not affect howyou work with your computer. You still select icons, choosecommands, and so on. 5. Click your hard disk icon to select it. You can select the icon even w...

Use Part III of this book Part III of this book, Macintosh Reference, contains all the information you need to use your computer’s hardware andsystem software. Unlike Parts I and II, which are meant to be readfrom beginning to end, Part III is meant to be used like anencyclopedia: you turn to it whe...

Setting Up Your Programs In this chapter m Reinstalling system software m Installing your programs m Working with several programs at a time m Using the Scrapbook m Using a RAM disk Reminder: Back up If you didn’t back up your computer’s hard disk as described inChapter 1, remember to do so soon. Yo...

Installing your programs Most application programs come on floppy disks, and you installthem by simply copying them from the floppy disks to your harddisk. Some programs need to be installed in a particular way. Ifyour program came with specific instructions, follow them. To use your programs most e...

Installing system software from floppy disks System software is a set of programs that your computer uses tostart up and operate. If you purchased a system software updatekit or have system software on floppy disks or on a shared disk onthe network, use these instructions. To reinstall system softwa...

4. When the computer prompts you, remove the disk and insert the next disk the computer requests. During installation, the computer automatically ejects a disk ithas finished with and requests the next disk it needs. If you’reinstalling over a network, you won’t need to insert disks. 5. Insert the r...

m To avoid compatibility problems, be sure to use only onevirus-detection program at a time. m If your computer is on a network or if you use a modem,check for viruses each time you copy information froman outside source. m If you give information to other computer users on disksor send information ...

Changing the amount of memory a program uses Each program you open sets aside the amount of memory itneeds. (If you don’t have enough memory to open a program, youneed to quit one of the programs already open to free up somememory.) On occasion you may want to increase or decrease the amount ofmemor...

Using the Scrapbook You can use the Scrapbook to store text, graphics, sounds, andother elements that you frequently include in your documents. Storing items in the Scrapbook: 1. In your document, select the text or other element that you want to store in the Scrapbook. 2. Choose Copy from the Edit ...

Using a RAM disk A RAM disk is a portion of your computer’s memory that you set aside for use as a temporary storage device. Using a RAM diskconserves power because the computer uses less energy to accessRAM than to access a hard disk or a floppy disk. To use a RAM disk, you should have at least 4 M...

3. Click the On button below the words “RAM disk.” 4. Drag the slider to choose the percentage of available memory you want to use for your RAM disk. Choose a size just large enough to accommodate theprograms and documents you want to put on the RAM disk.Don’t choose a larger size than you need beca...

Power Management In this chapter m Checking the battery level m Responding to low-power messages m Recharging the battery m Removing or replacing the battery m Maximizing battery life m Getting the most work time out of the battery Monitoring the battery charge level Your computer’s main power sourc...

The Battery desk accessory appears. The line of rectangles is the battery gauge. Black rectanglesindicate the charge level. You can see the level decrease while thebattery is in use, and increase while the battery is recharging inthe computer. When you click the lever to the right of the battery gau...

The second message is followed almost immediately by a thirdand final message indicating that the computer is about to putitself to sleep. When time is up, the computer goes to sleepautomatically to protect the contents of RAM. If you continue working until the computer goes to sleepautomatically, y...

Recharging with a recharger A battery recharger and additional batteries are available asoptions for your computer. If you purchase a recharger and anextra battery, you can charge one battery while you use the other,so you always have a fully charged battery on hand. The recharger can accommodate tw...

3. Place the battery in the recharger as shown. Recharging begins immediately. You can remove a batteryfrom the recharger at any time. s s s s Important: To preserve a battery’s charge, don’t leave it in the recharger if the power adapter is not plugged into anelectrical outlet. s s s s The lights o...

4. Carefully pull the battery out of its compartment. 5. If you are inserting another battery, slide it into the battery compartment. Replacement batteries come with a door attached. 6. Close the battery door by pushing it back into place. 7. If you just inserted a new battery, it’s a good idea to p...

Maximizing battery life To maximize battery life, discharge and then recharge the batterycompletely once every 90 days. Just use the computer as younormally would, but ignore the low-power messages that appearon the screen. (Make sure to save your work, however.) When thecomputer goes to sleep autom...

Maximizing work time Your PowerBook’s battery can provide up to 3 hours of work timebefore you need to recharge it. The actual work time availabledepends on what equipment you’re using with your computerand what steps you take to conserve power while you work. Ways to conserve battery power The more...

110 Chapter 7: Power Management Adjusting the battery conservation settings The Battery Conservation section of the PowerBook control panelgives you several ways to regulate your computer’s powerconsumption. The easiest approach Just use the Battery Conservation slider to choose the setting youprefe...

More about automatic sleep The Battery Conservation slider controls two different powerconservation features: system sleep and hard disk sleep. m System sleep is a state in which your computer uses only thepower it needs to maintain the contents of RAM. (Thecontents of RAM include any open programs ...

Processor cycling If the computer is not doing anything for a few seconds, itreduces the power consumption of its microprocessor. Themicroprocessor comes back up to speed instantaneously whenyou resume work. This feature is called processor cycling. You don’t need to do anything to use the processor...

Using Disks In this chapter m Preparing a new disk for use m Erasing a disk m Choosing a startup disk m Protecting the information on a disk m Restoring the information on your hard disk m If you can’t save files on a floppy disk m Ejecting a disk m Caring for disks m Testing and repairing disks Pre...

Initializing a floppy disk Initializing a new floppy disk prepares the disk to storeinformation. 1. Insert a new floppy disk into your floppy disk drive. If you inserted a high-density disk (1.4 MB), this messageappears: If you inserted a double-sided (800K) disk, this messageappears: 2. If you inse...

Erasing a floppy disk Erasing a disk actually reinitializes it. s Warning: When you erase a disk, you lose any information that was on the disk. s 1. Click the icon of the disk you want to erase. 2. Choose Erase Disk from the Special menu. A message appears. 3. Depending on the type of disk you’re e...

Scanning order for startup disks When you turn on your computer, it looks for a startup disk(a disk containing a System Folder) in the following sequence: 1. internal floppy disk drive (if any) 2. external floppy disk drive (if any) 3. disk (or RAM disk) selected in the Startup Disk control panel 4....

Locking a file You use the Get Info command to lock a document or a program.Locking a program may affect its operation. 1. Click the icon of the file you want to lock. 2. Choose Get Info from the File menu. 3. In the Info window, click the Locked box in the lower-left corner. 4. Close the Info windo...

Chapter 8: Using Disks 119 Backing up your files You can back up the work you store on a hard disk by copyingindividual files onto another disk in the usual way (dragging theiricons to the icon of the other disk). You can back up the contentsof an entire floppy disk by dragging its icon to another f...

Using PowerBook 145B Backup for the first time When you use the PowerBook 145B Backup program for the firsttime, you should make a copy of your System Folder, and then acopy of all the files on your hard disk. Follow these steps: 1. Open the PowerBook 145B Backup program by double- clicking its icon...

Restoring the information on your hard disk If information on your hard disk becomes damaged or lost, youcan restore it if you have a backup copy of the information. Youcan use the program called PowerBook 145B Backup that camewith your Macintosh to make a backup copy of the information onyour hard ...

Restoring your System Folder If your Macintosh does not start up any more, replacing theSystem Folder may solve the problem. If you used PowerBook145B Backup to make a backup copy of your System Folder, youcan use PowerBook 145B Restore to replace the damaged SystemFolder on your hard disk with a fr...

Ejecting a disk You can eject a floppy disk by doing any of the following: m Click the disk icon to select it and choose Put Away from theFile menu. The disk is ejected and its icon disappears from the desktop. m Drag the disk icon to the Trash. The disk is ejected and its icon disappears from the d...

Caring for disks For information on floppy disk care, see the section on workingwith disks in Part II of this book, or consult the instructions thatcame with your floppy disks. Hard disk precautions Hard disk drives are delicate mechanisms and should be handledwith care. m Do not bump, jar, or move ...

m If the hard disk is external, make sure it is turned on and itscable is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh. m Check the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected toyour computer. Each device must have a unique ID number(the computer itself has the ID number 7, and the internalhard disk ...

3. Click the Drive button until the name of the disk you want to test appears. Click the Eject button if you wantto insert a different floppy disk. 4. Click Open. 5. Choose Repair Automatically from the Options menu. 6. Click the Start button to begin testing the disk. 7. When testing and repair are...

Testing a hard disk You can test a hard disk with the Apple HD SC Setup program,which is on the Disk Tools disk that came with your computer. 1. Insert Disk Tools and start up your computer. 2. Open the Apple HD SC Setup icon. 3. Click the Drive button until the disk you want appears. 4. Click Test....

Organizing Your Files In this chapter m Straightening up your files m Using folders to organize your files m Filing documents when you save them m Making items easier to find m Finding an item m Creating a template or stationery m Getting information about your files m Assigning a label to a file m ...

Using folders to organize your files Macintosh folders, like the paper folders in a file cabinet, can beused to store and organize your work. You can place one folderinside another to create a hierarchy of files. Creating and naming folders You can create a new folder whenever the Finder is the acti...

Filing documents when you save them The first time you save a document (or whenever you choose SaveAs to create another version of that document), a directory dialogbox appears. A directory is the list of files and folders contained ina folder or on a disk. You use this box to name your document and...

Making items easier to find Your Macintosh provides several ways to make a file, folder,or other item easy to find and open. You can m create aliases for the item and put the aliases in convenientlocations m install the item (or its alias) in the Apple ( K ) menu m move the item (or its alias) to th...

Locating the original of an alias An alias’s Info window shows the location of the original. 1. Select the alias whose original you want to find. 2. Choose Get Info from the File menu. 3. Click the Find Original button. The window containing the original item opens. The icon isselected. (If the orig...

Finding an item When the Finder is the active program, you can use the Findcommand in the File menu to find any item on any diskconnected to your computer. (The Find command cannot locateitems inside the System file. You need to open the System file tosee its contents.) Finding an item by name 1. Ch...

Finding an item using other criteria You can use the Find command to find items by size, label, date,or other characteristics. 1. Choose Find from the File menu. 2. If you see a button labeled More Choices, click the button. The dialog box that appears lets you select searchcharacteristics using pop...

Finding items that meet two criteria You can locate items that meet two sets of criteria, such as allitems created before a certain date and larger than a certain size. 1. Choose the first criterion. 2. Click the “all at once” box so that an X appears. 3. Click the Find button. The items found are s...

Creating a template or stationery Most documents can be saved as or converted into a stationerypad, which is a template form of the document. The templateretains its format and content, and you can use it repeatedly as amaster for similar documents with different content. Many programs let you save ...

4. Close the Info window. The document icon now appears as a stationery pad icon. When you open a stationery pad, an untitled window appearsshowing the contents of the stationery, or a dialog box appearsasking you to name the new document. If you want to change the stationery pad itself you must fir...

Using the View menu You can use the View menu to display the contents of a windowby icon or small icon, or you can list items according to variouscharacteristics such as name, size, or kind. ( You can use the Viewscontrol panel to change how files are listed and what informationis included in the li...

Tips on transferring files You can transfer files from your computer’s internal hard disk inthe following ways: m Over a network You can connect your computer to a network and transfer filesover the network. For information, see the networkingchapter. m Over telephone lines If your computer is conne...

Specifying which items you want openedat startup To have a program or a document open automatically whenyou start up your computer, drag its icon or its alias to the StartupItems folder, which is inside the System Folder. Programs ordocuments that you put in the Startup Items folder are openedwhen y...

Most special files are stored in folders inside the System Folder.When you drag a file’s icon to the System Folder icon, yourcomputer recognizes which type of file it is and stores the file inthe appropriate folder. If you drag an item to the System Folder window instead of theSystem Folder icon, th...

Changing the items in the Label menu You can change the labels in the Label menu. You make thesechanges in the Labels control panel. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Labels control panel. 2. To change a label, drag across it to select it and then type your new label. S...

You can also set the time and date using the General Controlspanel or the Alarm Clock. Setting a time for the Alarm Clock to go off You can set the Alarm Clock to alert you when it’s time for anappointment or a meeting. 1. Choose Alarm Clock from the Apple ( K ) menu. 2. Click the upward-pointing le...

3. Click the alarm clock icon in the lower-right corner to select it. The alarm clock icon becomes highlighted when you select it.The time that appears in the middle section is the currentalarm clock setting. 4. Click the hours, minutes, or seconds in the alarm clock setting to select them. Up and d...

Changing the date format 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Date & Time control panel. 2. In the Date & Time control panel, click Date Formats. 3. In the dialog box that appears, make the changes you want. A sample of the format you choose appears at the bottom o...

Changing the time format 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Date & Time control panel. 2. In the Date & Time control panel, click Time Formats. 3. Make the changes you want. A sample of the format you choose appears at the bottom ofthe dialog box. 4. Click OK to ...

Changing number and currency formats You can choose among several formats for displaying numbersand currency. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Numbers control panel. 2. Make the changes that you want. 3. Close the control panel. ?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@? ?@g?@...

Adjusting the way the keyboard works You can adjust the rate at which a character repeats when its key isheld down as well as the delay before the character beginsrepeating. You can also change the keyboard layout if you haveadditional keyboard layouts installed. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Ap...

Making keyboard shortcuts easier to type With the system software feature called Sticky Keys, you can typekeyboard shortcuts (such as x -S for the Save command) without actually pressing the keys simultaneously. m To turn Sticky Keys on or off, press the Shift key fivetimes without moving the mouse....

Adjusting the blinking of a menu item You can change the number of times a menu item blinks when it’schosen. You make this adjustment in the General Controls panel. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the General Controls panel. 2. Click the button for the number of times you...

Changing an icon You can change an icon by creating or copying a picture you wantand then pasting it into an icon’s Info window. Some icons can’t be changed, including those for control panelsand other parts of the system software. Every icon fits inside asmall square. 1. Select the picture you want...

160 Chapter 10: Adapting Your Computer to Your Own Use 6. Choose Paste from the Edit menu. The picture you copied replaces the selected icon in the Infowindow. If the picture is bigger than the icon, it automaticallyshrinks to fit. 7. Close the Info window. You can restore the original icon by click...

Managing memory Occasionally you may need to make adjustments in how yourMacintosh uses its random-access memory (RAM) in order towork efficiently with large programs or with several programs atonce. Checking memory use You can find out how much memory your computer has, howmuch of it is available, ...

m Reducing the size of the disk cache makes more memoryavailable. (See the disk cache section in this chapter.) m Reducing the amount of memory a program uses may allowyou to open more programs at once (see the chapter onsetting up your programs). Adjusting the disk cache The disk cache is memory se...

Using hard disk space as memory Your computer can use space on a hard disk to increase thememory available for opening programs. The disk space, calledvirtual memory, is not available for storing files. Your computer should contain enough built-in memory for yourregular needs—that is, for the progra...

5. Choose Restart from the Special menu. After you restart, your computer’s total memory includes thevirtual memory you set aside on the hard disk. Choose About ThisMacintosh from the Apple ( K ) menu to see memory use information. S Important: When you turn on virtual memory, the system software cr...

Setting the beep sound Many programs have the computer make a sound when yourattention is required or when you’re attempting an action that thecomputer cannot perform at that time. You can choose the type of beep sound that you want yourcomputer to make. You can also set the sound’s volume. 1. Choos...

Installing a sound Your computer comes with several beep sounds. You can getadditional sounds from various sources. m To install a sound, you drag its icon to the SystemFolder icon (not the System Folder window). The sound is automatically installed in the System file, whereit belongs. Once you add ...

Recording sounds Your computer can use an external microphone, which you canuse to record a sound and add it to the Sound control panel. 1. Connect a microphone or another audio source to the sound input port (marked with the icon X ) on your computer . For more information, see the chapter on expan...

10. Type a name for the sound, and click OK. The new sound appears in the Sound control panel. Its icon alsoappears in the System file. Changing the background pattern You can change the background pattern that appears on yourcomputer screen in the General Controls panel. 1. Choose Control Panels fr...

6. When you’ve finished creating your new pattern, click the sample pattern to display it on your desktop. 7. To save the new pattern, double-click the sample pattern. If you don’t save the pattern, you lose it when you click one ofthe small triangles to display another pattern. 8. Close the control...

2. Locate the CloseView control panel. 3. Drag the CloseView icon to the System Folder icon (not the SystemFolder window) on your startupdisk. 4. Choose Restart from the Special menu. To turn CloseView on or off, press x -Option-O. To turn the magnification on or off, press x –Option–X. ( When Close...

You can set additional options in theCloseView control panel. Choose ControlPanels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the CloseView control panel. @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@...

Printing In this chapter m Before you print m Printing your work m Controlling background printing m Working with fonts Before you print Before you can print, your computer must be connected to aprinter, either directly or over a network. See the information thatcame with your printer for instructio...

If your printer is connected directly to your computer Make sure you’ve connected the printer according to theinstructions that came with it. 1. Choose Chooser from the Apple ( K ) menu. 2. Click the icon of your printer to select it. v If your printer’s icon does not appear in the Chooser: The prin...

Selecting Page Setup options You use the Page Setup dialog box when you’ve selected a newprinter in the Chooser, or when you want to use a different papersize or printing options. m Choose Page Setup from the File menu and select the optionsyou want. When a LaserWriter printer is selected, this or a...

Updating printer software on networked computers All computers that share printers on a network must have thesame version of the printer software. The printer restarts itselfeach time a different version is used (which takes time and clearsany fonts from its temporary memory). S Important: All compu...

If you want to update the printer software that is alreadyinstalled on your disk, go to step 5. When you click Customize, the custom installation dialog boxshows a list of printer software. 5. Click Install. 6. When you see a message reporting that installation was successful, click Restart. If a me...

v Printing color or gray-scale documents: You can print color or gray-scale documents on any color printer that can use theLaserWriter printer software. If you print a color document ona black-and-white printer, the document is produced as ahalftone (that is, it is composed of patterns of dots). v S...

Solutions to common printing problems If nothing happens or if you see an error message when you try to print, try the following: m Make sure that the printer is turned on and warmed up. m Check the cable connections to the printer. m If your printer is an ImageWriter, make sure that the Selectlight...

Controlling background printing If you are using a LaserWriter or StyleWriter printer and thebackground printing option is turned on in the Chooser, you cancontinue to work while your documents are printing. You don’t need to do anything once background printing isturned on. But if you wish, you can...

Working with fonts A font is a collection of letters, numbers, and symbols in adistinctive typographic design. Several fonts come with your computer’s system software. Theyare stored in the Fonts folder (inside the System Folder on yourstartup disk). You can install additional fonts and remove fonts...

Bitmap fonts (also called fixed-size fonts) appear only in certain sizes, because each character is a grid of black-and-white dots(called a bitmap), which is a rendering of the character’s shape ina specific size. For the best type quality when using bitmap fonts, your computerneeds a separate bitma...

Removing fonts 1. Quit all open programs. 2. Open the System folder on your startup disk. 3. Locate the Fonts folder and open it. The Fonts folder contains font files (for individual fonts) andfont suitcases (for font families). If you want to remove anindividual font within a family, open the appro...

2. Choose Download Fonts from the File menu. 3. If the font you want to download is not listed, click the Add button to add fonts to the list. Use the directory dialog box that appears to locate the fontsyou want. 4. In the directory dialog box, locate your font, click its name, and then click Add. ...

Finding out about available fonts Many programs have a Font menu that lists the fonts installed inyour system, though some programs do not list them all. You canopen the Fonts folder, inside the System Folder, to see all thefonts stored there. You can also see available fonts with the KeyCaps desk a...

Restarting a LaserWriter printer Restarting the printer clears its memory, removing the fontsstored there. 1. Open the LaserWriter Font Utility icon. 2. Choose Restart Printer from the Utilities menu. 3. Click Restart. Turning the printer’s start page on or off The LaserWriter can print a start page...

Transferring a PostScript file to a LaserWriter You can use the LaserWriter Font Utility to send a file in PostScriptformat to a LaserWriter printer. 1. Open the LaserWriter Font Utility icon. 2. Choose Download PostScript File from the Utilities menu. 3. Click the name of the file you want to downl...

Using Your Computeron a Network In this chapter m What networking offers m Setting up your Macintosh on a network m Gaining access to files on shared disks m Working with files and folders on other computers m Sharing your own files m Using access privileges m Linking programs What networking offers...

You can designate specific folders and hard disks on yourcomputer as “shared files” that other people can gain access to. m Print documents on network printers. m Link your programs to programs on other computers. You can link your programs in order to share features betweenthose programs. m Update ...

Connecting to a network Your computer has built-in AppleTalk networking software. Thissoftware directly supports the LocalTalk cables you need toconnect your computer to the network. (If your computer has theappropriate port or expansion card, AppleTalk also supportsEthernet and TokenRing cables.) 1...

3. Close the Chooser. When AppleTalk is active, Macintosh PowerBook computers go tosleep automatically only when they run out of battery power, orwhen the power adapter is plugged in and the PowerBook is notconnected to any shared disks on the network. Naming your computer and its owner Before you u...

Gaining access to files on shared disks You can retrieve and store information on other computersconnected to your network. For example, a colleague canplace some files for you on a shared disk called a file server—a computer dedicated to storing shared files. Individually ownedcomputers on your net...

v If the AppleShare icon does not appear: Make sure that AppleTalk is active in the Chooser. Make sure that theAppleShare file is in the Extensions folder in your SystemFolder, and restart your computer. v 4. If you see a box labeled “AppleTalk Zones”, click the zone the computer is in. Computers wi...

10. Click OK. If your password is not accepted: Make sure that Caps Lock is not on. Type your password again, taking care not to maketyping errors. If it’s still not accepted, ask the computer’sowner for help. 11. Click the name of a shared disk to select it. 12. Click OK. The icon of the shared dis...

Connecting quickly to a shared disk By making an alias for a shared disk, you can connect to that diskby simply opening the alias. 1. Connect to a shared disk. See the section on connecting to a shared disk in this chapter. 2. Select the shared disk icon. 3. Choose Make Alias from the File menu. 4. ...

3. If you’re connecting as a registered user, click the button that indicates whether you want to save yourname only, or both your name and your password. For more security, click “Save My Name Only.” When you startup your computer, you’ll need to enter your password toconnect to the shared disk. 4....

If a message tells you that you cannot change your password,your network administrator has turned off this feature. 3. Type your current password. Then press Tab and type a new password. A bullet (•) appears for each letter you type. 4. Click OK. 5. Click OK in the dialog box that appears. 6. Retype...

Giving folder ownership to someone else You can give away ownership of any folder you own. Once you doso, however, the new owner can restrict your access to that folder.Make sure you have copies of any files you may need before yougive ownership of a folder to someone else. 1. Connect to a shared di...

Turning file sharing on 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Sharing Setup icon. Make sure the boxes in the Network Identity section of thecontrol panel are filled in. 2. In the section labeled File Sharing, click the Start button. 3. Close the Sharing Setup control panel....

3. Click the box under File Sharing labeled “Allow guests to connect” to place an X in it. 4. Close the window and click Save in the box that appears. You can still restrict access to any folder or disk you share, asdescribed in the section “Using Access Privileges,” later in thischapter. Continue w...

5. Close the window and click Save in the dialog box. At this point, only you have access to the item you shared andthe files inside it, unless you turned on guest access and someor all of the boxes next to “Everyone” are checked. If you haven’t turned on guest access, continue with thesection “Nami...

Naming a registered user You can register as many as 100 people and groups combined, butfor best network performance you should name no more than 50. 1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Users & Groups icon. 2. Choose New User from the File menu. An icon labeled New Us...

Setting a registered user’s password You can assign passwords for registered users to verify theiridentities when they want to gain access to your computer. 1. Open a user icon in the Users & Groups control panel. 2. Type a password in the User Password box, then press Tab. The password can be u...

3. Drag user icons to the new group icon. The icons are not moved inside the group icon, as they wouldbe if it were a folder. Instead, member icons are created insidethe group icon. You don’t need to drag your own icon to thegroup icon because you (as the owner) have access to theentire contents of ...

Selecting a user or group to share a folder or disk You can give one registered user or group exclusive access to ashared folder or disk on your computer. 1. Select a folder or disk to share. 2. Choose Sharing from the File menu. 3. Click the box labeled “Share this item and its contents” so an X ap...

4. If an X appears in the “Allow to connect” checkbox, click to remove the X (to deny access). 5. Close the window and click Save in the dialog box. If you deny access to a user who is currently connected, he orshe is disconnected immediately. That user is no longer amember of any group, and can con...

Chapter 12: Using Your Computer on a Network 209 Giving away ownership of a folder or disk onyour computer You can give away ownership of a shared folder or disk on yourcomputer to a registered user or group. Because you are the owner of your computer, the new owner of afolder or disk on your comput...

2. In the section labeled File Sharing, click the Stop button. A dialog box appears in which you can specify a delay beforefile sharing is turned off. If you specify a delay, users who areconnected to your computer are warned to save their workand disconnect. 3. Type the number of minutes you want t...

3. Open the owner icon (the one with the bold outline). 4. Click the boxes labeled “Allow user to connect” and “Allow user to see entire disk” to place an X in them. When these boxes are checked, you can see and useeverything on your disks while you’re using anothercomputer. To restrict your access,...

2. Type a new password in the box labeled Owner Password and press Tab. Remember the capitalization. Your password is replaced bybullets to keep it private. 3. Close the Sharing Setup control panel. Your new password is now in effect. Using access privileges Access privileges let you control what ot...

There are three types of access to shared items: m See Folders: allows people to see, open, and copy folders. m See Files: allows people to see, open, and copy files. m Make Changes: allows people to copy, delete, or change the contents of a folder or disk, or to add items to a folder or disk. The t...

m If you’ve selected a folder you do not own, all thecheckboxes and their labels are dimmed. 3. Choose a registered user or group to share the item with. Choose from the list of users and groups in the pop-up menu,or type the name of a registered user or group in the box. 4. To set access privileges...

m Keep a folder or disk private. To keep a folder or disk on your own computer private, do not share it. To keep yourfolder on another computer private, use these settings. m Allow access to one other person or group. This set of privileges allows the owner of the item and one registereduser or grou...

Working with privileges that others have set When you are using the By Icon or By Small Icon view, theappearance of shared folders indicates the access you have. Icon Meaning A darkened tab indicates that you own the folder and can set its access privileges. A plain tab indicates that you can open a...

Linking programs Some programs can exchange information directly with otherprograms. For example, one program might be able to instructanother program to add a row to a spreadsheet or change the fontsize of a paragraph. Programs implement linking in various ways and not all programshave this capabil...

5. Click OK. In most cases, you need to identify yourself as a guest or aregistered user. 6. Click Guest or Registered User. If you are a guest, click Guest and go to step 9. If the Guestoption is dimmed, guests do not have access to this computer. 7. If you are a registered user, make sure that the...

Turning program linking on When you turn program linking on, your computer is visible toothers on the network whenever they attempt to link a program.Before you turn program linking on, make sure that AppleTalk is active and that you have named your Macintosh in the SharingSetup control panel. 1. Ch...

Expanding Your Computer System In this chapter m Using SCSI devices m Connecting a modem m Connecting a printer m Connecting a mouse or other ADB device m Using sound input and output devices m Adding memory to your computer Using SCSI devices A SCSI device is any product—including hard disk drives,...

Checking that the SCSI chain is properly terminated To ensure accurate transmission of information, a chain of SCSIdevices must have a terminator at each end. Terminators are builtinto some SCSI devices and can also be added externally. m Your PowerBook’s internal hard disk, which is always the firs...

Connecting cables s Warning: When making SCSI connections, always turn off power to all devices in the chain. Failure to do so can causethe loss of information and damage to your equipment. s 1. Shut down your PowerBook and all SCSI devices in the chain. 2. To connect the first device, use an Apple ...

Connecting a modem Apple offers an optional, low-power, internal fax/data modem foryour computer. See the modem manual for information about thismodem and how to use it. You can also connect an external modem to the modem port onthe back panel of the computer. To connect an external modem, follow th...

Connecting a printer The printer port on your computer can accept either adirect cable connection (to a printer such as the StyleWriter)or a network cable connection (to a printer such as theLaserWriter II NTX ). The printer port is marked with this icon: [ . Some printers, including the Personal La...

Using sound input and output devices Connecting a microphone Your PowerBook has a sound input port to which you can connectan external microphone. (Sound recording is described in thechapter Adapting Your Computer to Your Own Use .) 1. Open the door covering the back panel of your computer. 2. Plug ...

Adding memory to your computer Your PowerBook computer comes with at least 4 MB of RAM.By adding memory upgrade cards you can increase yourcomputer’s memory. You can find out how much memory yourcomputer has by choosing About This Macintosh from theFinder’s Apple menu. Apple provides memory upgrades...

Travel, Storage, and Service In this chapter m Traveling with the computer m Storing the computer m Getting service and support m Getting more information about Macintosh computers Traveling with the PowerBook The safety instructions in the first part of this book also applywhen you are traveling. I...

m Some airlines may restrict or prohibit the use of computers inflight. Check ahead to find out what restrictions, if any, apply. m Take the necessary plug adapters if you’re traveling overseas.( You may need to use them with the power adapter.) You donot need a voltage transformer. The power adapte...

Long-term storage (more than 2 weeks) 1. Save your work on a hard disk or floppy disks. 2. Choose Shut Down from the Special menu. 3. Close the display. 4. Recharge the battery. Plug in the power adapter or use the recharger. 5. If you recharged the battery in a recharger, put the battery back into ...

How to get help To obtain service in the United States, you can contact either yournearest authorized Apple dealer or Apple Computer directly. Ifyou are in North America, call 800-538-9696 to request the nameof an authorized dealer near you. If you are anywhere else, checkthe local telephone directo...

For more information aboutMacintosh computers Macintosh user groups Whatever your level of computer experience, you may beinterested in joining a Macintosh user group. Group activities mayinclude new product demonstrations, question-and-answersessions, and classes on using programs or writing your o...

APDA APDA ® is Apple’s worldwide source for over 300 development tools, technical resources, training products, and information foranyone interested in developing applications on Apple platforms.Customers receive the quarterly APDA Tools Catalog featuring allcurrent versions of Apple and the most po...

Summary and Shortcuts Double-click m Double-click an object on screen by pointing to theobject and clicking twice in rapid succession, withoutmoving the trackball or mouse. Double-clicking is a common shortcut for opening an icon orthe selected item in a directory dialog box. Shift-click m Hold down...

Opening an icon You open an icon by selecting it and choosing Open from the Filemenu or using the keyboard shortcut x - O or x –Down Arrow. Or you can double-click the icon. Moving, copying, and renaming an icon To do this Take these steps Move an icon Drag the icon to where you want it. Copy an ico...

Scrolling through the contents of a window m Click the up, down, left, or right scroll arrow. m Click the vertical or horizontal scroll bar (when it’sgray). m Drag the vertical or horizontal scroll box along itsscroll bar. Opening higher-level folder windows You can open a higher-level folder window...

Using the outline form in list views Any list view you choose from the View menu (that is, any viewexcept the icon and small icon views) shows the contents of theactive window in outline form. You can see the contents of afolder without opening the folder in its own window. Click the triangle next t...

Pop-up menus often appear in dialog boxes that you use to setoptions or preferences. You can recognize a pop-up menu by asmall solid triangle, pointing down, next to its name. The nameshows the current option or preference. Choosing an item from a menu To choose a command from a menu, point to the m...

Troubleshooting This section describes possible causes and solutions for somecommon problems you may have with your MacintoshPowerBook or associated equipment provided by Apple. This section is not comprehensive. Check the appropriatereference section for additional help on specific topics. Also che...

The computer just stopped. m The computer may have gone to sleep. Press any key on thekeyboard (except Caps Lock) to wake it again. m The battery may have drained so far that the computer hasput itself to sleep to protect the contents of RAM. Plug in thepower adapter, wait 15 minutes, and then turn ...

The computer exhibits odd behavior, such as manyunexplained system failures. m A common cause of unexplained problems is multiple SystemFolders on your computer’s startup disk. The System Folderthat the PowerBook is using to operate is marked with anicon. Use the Find command in the Finder’s File me...

The battery can’t be recharged. m There may be a loose connection. Make sure all plugs aresecurely attached. m The battery may be damaged or dead. Obtain a replacementbattery from your authorized Apple dealer. m The outlet may have no power. m If the adapter or recharger is plugged into a power stri...

The screen The screen looks blurred or out of focus. m The viewing angle may not be optimal. Tilt the display on itshinge until the screen looks better. The screen is too dark. m When you first turn on your computer, it may take severalminutes for the screen brightness to “warm up,” especially ifyou...

A window has disappeared. m Another open window on the desktop may have covered thewindow you’re looking for. Move, resize, close, or hidewindows you aren’t using until you see the one you want. m Windows belonging to open but inactive programs may behidden. Choose Show All from the Application menu...

The computer doesn’t recognize your SCSI devices. m The devices may be off. Check to make sure that they areplugged in and turned on. m If the device is a disk drive, it may need to be initialized beforeyou can use it. See the instructions that came with the device. m The software (driver) needed to...

Modems The external modem doesn’t work. m The modem may be turned off or improperly connected.Make sure that it is turned on and that all connections arecorrect. m The modem port may not be activated. Open the PowerBookcontrol panel and make sure that External Modem is selected. The internal modem d...

Networks You can’t find or can’t open icons needed to set upfile sharing. m One or more icons may be in the wrong place. Make sure thatthe Sharing Setup icon is in the Control Panels folder, and thatthe File Sharing Extension file, the Network Extension file, andthe AppleShare file are in the Extens...

You can’t open a shared disk or folder. m You may not have the access privileges needed to use the diskor folder. Ask the network administrator or the owner of theshared item to grant you access. m You may have entered your name or password incorrectlywhen you tried to open the shared disk or folder...

A program doesn’t work, or malfunctions consistently. m You may have more than one copy of the program on yourhard disk. Remove extra copies by dragging them to the Trash. m The program may be damaged. Recopy it from a known goodsource (such as the original program disk). m Your version of the progr...

Keyboard and Character Sets 259 Appendix A 1 ! 2 @ 3 # 4 $ 5 % 6 7 & 8 * 9 ( 0 ) + = delete ~ ' Y U I O P Q W E R T tab lock caps shift ctrl option esc shift return enter S D F G H J K L A Z X C V B N M < > , . ? / ; ' : " \ [ { ] } Tab key: Moves the insertion point to the next stoppi...

Using Caps Lock The Caps Lock key on PowerBook computers does not staydepressed even when it’s locked. You can tell whether Caps Lockis on or off by looking at the menu bar. An arrow appears to theleft of the Help menu icon when Caps Lock is on. To turn Caps Lock on or off, press the Caps Lock key. ...

To type a character with a diacritical mark (such as an acute accentor an umlaut), you press the Option key along with a specificletter key, and then type the character. Diacritical mark Key combination Grave accent ( ` ) Option–`, then type the character Acute accent ( ´ ) Option–e, then type the c...

Exchanging Disks and FilesWith MS-DOS Computers Apple File Exchange is a file format conversion program suppliedon your hard disk. The program and translator files are stored in the Apple File Exchange Folder. You can use the program to initialize a disk in MS-DOS (orApple II ProDOS) format and conv...

3. Click MS-DOS. 4. If necessary, click the capacity (in K) of the disk you inserted. If you want to initialize a high-density ( Ó ) disk in MS-DOS format, 1440K is the only option and it is already selected. Ifyou inserted a double-sided disk, click 720K. Apple File Exchange cannot initialize a hig...

5. Pull down the translation menu you want. 6. Make sure that the translators for the types of files you selected have checkmarks; if not, choose them socheckmarks appear next to them. An active translator has a checkmark. The default translatorhas a diamond (indicating that it’s always active). Cho...

Other file-conversion options Apple File Exchange’s File menu provides several other options toassist you with file conversions. To see explanations of the translators Apple File Exchange uses,choose About Apple File Exchange from the Apple menu. Select atranslator from the list, and then click the ...

Map The Map control panel lets you set your computer’s location andfind out the distance and the time difference between yourlocation and cities around the world. If you travel with yourcomputer and use Map to reset your location accordingly, thetime (in the Date & Time control panel) is automat...

2. Type the city nearest your current location and then click the Find button (or press the Return key). If you aren’t sure how the city is spelled, type the first fewletters and press the Return key. If the city isn’t found, you canadd it to the list of cities stored in Map (instructions are givene...

The distance to and the time at the other location are shown atthe bottom of the window. The distance is based on the shortestpossible route (called the great circle). To find out the time difference between your location and theother location, click the words “Time Zone.” Click again to see theothe...

Adding or removing a location Adding a location 1. If the map does not show the location you want to add, scroll by dragging beyond the map in the direction ofthe location. 2. Click the location. A blinking star appears at the location, and its coordinates andapproximate time zone are displayed. 3. ...

A About This Macintosh command 161, 164, 231 accent marks, typing 260–261access privileges. See also file sharing; guests; network; passwords checking 217icons and 217restricting 201, 207–208set by others 217setting 214–215strategies for using 215–216turning off 209–210types of 213–214 active progra...

The Apple Publishing System This Apple manual was written and edited on a desktop publishing system using AppleMacintosh computers and QuarkXPress. Proof pages were created on Apple LaserWriterprinters and on the QMS Colorscript 100 color printer. Final pages were produced inQuarkXPress and output d...