Page 2 - Table of Contents; Section; Experiments
® i 012-09562A Mini Launcher Table of Contents Section Page Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Equipment ......................................................................................................... 2 Gen...
Page 3 - Introduction; • LAUNCH AT ANY ANGLE Between -45° and; UNCHER
012-09562A Mini Launcher ® 1 Introduction The PASCO Mini Launcher has been designed forprojectile experiments and demonstrations. The onlyadditional equipment required is a C-clamp orME-9376B Universal Table Clamp for clamping theLauncher to a table. The features of the MiniLauncher include: • LAUNC...
Page 4 - Equipment; The ME-6825 Mini Launcher includes the following:
Mini Launcher 012-09562A ® 2 Push with P en or Rod Until Piston Clic ks MINI LA UNCHER ME-6825A Use 16 mm steel balls ONL Y! Lau nch Positio n of B all 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 Thir d Clic k Long Rang e Second Clic k Medium Range First Clic k Shor t Range DO NO T LOOK DOWN B ARREL. C...
Page 5 - General Operation of the Mini Launcher; Shoot
012-09562A Mini Launcher ® 3 General Operation of the Mini Launcher - Place the ball in the barrel. Push the ball down the barrel with the pushrod until the trigger catchesthe piston. One audible click indicates that thepiston is cocked in the shortest range setting, twoclicks indicate the medium ra...
Page 6 - Installation is as follows:
Mini Launcher 012-09562A ® 4 Installing the Optional Photogate Bracket (ME-6821) The Photogate Bracket is an optional accessory formounting one or two photogates on the MiniLauncher to measure the muzzle velocity of the ball. Installation is as follows: ➀ Prepare the bracket by inserting the thumb s...
Page 7 - Installing the 2-Dimensional Collision Attachment; Assembly; Expectations for the Mini Launcher
012-09562A Mini Launcher ® 5 Installing the 2-Dimensional Collision Attachment The two dimensional Collision Attachment consists of2 screws, 2 nuts, and a flat plastic bar. It is used withthe Mini Launcher to hold a second ball in front of themuzzle so the launched ball will collide with thesecond b...
Page 8 - Launch Positions; Clamp base to a vertical rod.
Mini Launcher 012-09562A ® 6 Launch Positions Clamp base to side edge of table. Mountlauncher as shown to shoot off table ontofloor at a positive or negative angle. Clamp base to table. Mount launcher asshown to shoot onto table. Ball is launchedfrom a height above table level. Clamp base to table. ...
Page 9 - Experiment 1: Projectile Motion; Purpose; INITIAL HORIZONTAL VELOCITY:; , the horizontal distance travelled by; and then the initial velocity can be found using; INITIAL VELOCITY AT AN ANGLE:; sin; where y; cos; Setup; horizontally off table
012-05479B Mini Launcher 7 ® Experiment 1: Projectile Motion EQUIPMENT NEEDED: – Mini Launcher and steel ball– Plumb bob– Meter stick– Carbon paper– White paper Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to predict andverify the range of a ball launched at an angle.The initial velocity of the ball is...
Page 10 - Procedure; Part A: Determining the Initial Velocity of the Ball; Fire about ten shots.; Table 1.1 Determining the Initial Velocity
Mini Launcher 012-05479B ® 8 Procedure Part A: Determining the Initial Velocity of the Ball ➀ Put the ball into the Mini Launcher and cock it to the long range position. Fire one shot tolocate where the ball hits the floor. At this position, tape a piece of white paper to thefloor. Place a piece of ...
Page 11 - Part B: Predicting the Range of the Ball Shot at an Angle; Shoot the ball ten times.; Analysis; Table 1.2 Confirming the Predicted Range
012-05479B Mini Launcher 9 ® (Total Average Distance = Distance to paper edge + Average Distance) Part B: Predicting the Range of the Ball Shot at an Angle ➀ Adjust the Mini Launcher to launch at an angle between 20 and 60 degrees above the horizontal. Recordthis angle in Table 1.2. ➁ Using the init...
Page 12 - Part C: Predicting the Range of the Ball Shot at a Negative Angle; Table 1.3 Confirming the Predicted Range
Mini Launcher 012-05479B ® 10 Part C: Predicting the Range of the Ball Shot at a Negative Angle ➀ Adjust the Mini Launcher to launch at an angle between 10 and 40 degrees below thehorizontal and record this angle in Table 1.3. ➁ Using the initial velocity and vertical distance found in the first par...
Page 13 - Experiment 2: Projecile Motion Using Photogates; EQUIPMENT NEEDED; initial velocity
012-05479B Mini Launcher 11 ® Experiment 2: Projecile Motion Using Photogates EQUIPMENT NEEDED – Mini Launcher and steel ball – Photogate bracket – (2) Photogates – Computer and Timing software – Plumb bob – Meter stick – Carbon paper – White paper Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to predic...
Page 14 - PART A: Determining the Initial Velocity of the Ball; Table 2.1 Initial Speed; PART B: Predicting the Range of the Ball Shot at an Angle; Keep the angle of the Mini Launcher at the selected angle.
Mini Launcher 012-05479B ® 12 Procedure PART A: Determining the Initial Velocity of the Ball ➀ Put the steel ball into the Mini Launcher and cock it to the long range position. ➁ Run the timing program and set it to measure the time it takes the ball to pass throughboth photogates. ➂ Shoot the ball ...
Page 15 - Table 2.2 Confirming the Predicted Range
012-05479B Mini Launcher 13 ® Table 2.2 Confirming the Predicted Range Angle above or below horizontal = ______________ Horizontal distance to paper edge = ____________ Calculated time of flight= ____________ Predicted Range = ____________ Trial Number Distance from Edge of Paper 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1...
Page 16 - Notes
Page 17 - Experiment 3: Projectile Range Versus Angle
012-05479B Mini Launcher 15 ® Experiment 3: Projectile Range Versus Angle θ x v 0 θ x v 0 y 0 Figure 3.2: Shooting off the table EQUIPMENT NEEDED – Mini Launcher and steel ball – Plumb bob – Measuring tape or meter stick – Carbon paper – Graph paper – White paper Purpose The purpose of this experime...
Page 18 - Table 3.1 Shooting on a Level Surface; Adjust the angle of the Mini Launcher to ten degrees.; Fire about five shots.; Figure 3.3: Setup to shoot on level surface
Mini Launcher 012-05479B ® 16 Angle 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 1 2 3 4 5 Average Paper Dist. Total Dist. Horz. Distance Table 3.1 Shooting on a Level Surface where y o is the initial height of the ball and y is the position of the ball when it hits the floor. Setup ➀ Clamp the Mini Launcher near one en...
Page 19 - Increase the angle by 10 degrees and repeat all the steps.; SHOOTING OFF THE TABLE; From the graph, what angle gives the maximum range for each case?; Table 3.2 Shooting Off the Table
012-05479B Mini Launcher 17 ® ➄ Increase the angle by 10 degrees and repeat all the steps. ➅ Repeat for angles up to and including 80 degrees. SHOOTING OFF THE TABLE Clamp the Mini Launcher as shown in Fig 3.4 so that the ballwill hit the floor. Repeat steps 1 through 6 and record thedata in Table 3...
Page 21 - Experiment 4: Projectile Path; gt
012-05479B Mini Launcher 19 ® Experiment 4: Projectile Path EQUIPMENT NEEDED – Mini Launcher and steel ball – Measuring tape or meter stick – Carbon paper – White paper – Movable vertical target board (Must reach from floor to muzzle)– Graph paper Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to find ho...
Page 22 - Move the target about 5 cm closer to the Launcher.; Calculate x
Mini Launcher 012-05479B ® 20 Horizontal (x) Height (y) (carbon side down) over the white paper. Procedure ➀ Measure the vertical height from the floor to the muzzle and record in Table 4.1. Markthis height on the target. ➁ Measure the horizontal distance from the muzzle of the Mini Launcher to the ...
Page 23 - Slope of graph; Table 4.2 Initial Speed; Questions; If you plotted y vs. x, how would the graph differ from the y vs. x
012-05479B Mini Launcher 21 ® Slope of graph Initial speed from slope Time of flight Initial speed from x, y Percent Difference Table 4.2 Initial Speed Questions ➀ Was the line straight? What does this tell you about the relationship between y and x? ➁ If you plotted y vs. x, how would the graph dif...
Page 25 - Experiment 5: Conservation of Energy
012-05479B Mini Launcher 23 ® Experiment 5: Conservation of Energy EQUIPMENT NEEDED – Mini Launcher and steel ball – Plumb bob – Measuring tape or meter stick – White paper – (optional) 2 Photogates and Photogate Bracket – Carbon paper– (optional) Timing System Purpose The purpose of this experiment...
Page 26 - PART I: Determining the Initial Velocity of the Ball; Table 5.1 Determining the Initial Velocity without Photogates
Mini Launcher 012-05479B ® 24 Trial Number Distance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Average Total Distance PART I: Determining the Initial Velocity of the Ball (without photogates) ➀ Put the steel ball into the Mini Launcher and cock it to the chosen range position. Fireone shot to locate where the ball hits t...
Page 27 - Adjust the angle of the Mini Launcher to 90 degrees (straight up).; Table 5.2 Initial Speed Using Photogates; Adjust the angle of the Launcher to 90 degrees (straight up).; Calculate the initial kinetic energy and record in Table 5.3.; TRIAL NUMBER
012-05479B Mini Launcher 25 ® ALTERNATE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE INITIAL VELOCITY OF THE BALL (US-ING PHOTOGATES) ➀ Attach the photogate bracket to the Launcher and attach two photogates to the bracket.Plug the photogates into a computer or other timer. ➁ Adjust the angle of the Mini Launcher to 9...
Page 28 - Maximuim Height of Ball; How does friction affect the result for the kinetic energy?
Mini Launcher 012-05479B ® 26 Table 5.3 Results Maximuim Height of Ball Mass of Ball Initial Kinetic Energy Final Potential Energy Percent Difference Questions ➀ How does friction affect the result for the kinetic energy? ➁ How does friction affect the result for the potential energy?
Page 29 - Experiment 6: Conservation of Momentum In Two Dimensions; and
012-05479B Mini Launcher 27 ® q 1 v 1 m 1 q 2 v 2 m 2 v 0 m 1 m 2 ( u = 0) Experiment 6: Conservation of Momentum In Two Dimensions EQUIPMENT NEEDED – Mini Launcher, 2 steel balls and Collision Attachment – Plumb bob – Meter stick – Protractor – Butcher paper – Tape to make collision inelastic – Sta...
Page 31 - Was energy conserved for the elastic collision?; Table 6.2 Results for the Inelastic Collision
012-05479B Mini Launcher 29 ® PERFORM THE FOLLOWING THREE STEPS FOR THE ELASTIC COLLISION AND THENREPEAT THESE THREE STEPS FOR THE INELASTIC COLLISION: ➃ For the x-direction, check that the momentum before equals the momentum after thecollision. To do this, use the lengths for the momentums and calc...
Page 33 - Experiment 7: Varying Angle To Maximize Height on a Wall; tan
012-05479B Mini Launcher 31 ® Experiment 7: Varying Angle To Maximize Height on a Wall EQUIPMENT NEEDED – Mini Launcher and steel ball – Plumb bob – Measuring tape or meter stick – Carbon paper – White paper – Board to protect wall Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to find the launch angle w...
Page 34 - Measure the maximum height and record in Table 7.1.; Calculate the initial velocity by solving the y-equation for v; Table 7.1 Data and Results
Mini Launcher 012-05479B ® 32 ➃ Tape a piece of white paper to the board in the region where the ball is hitting. Thencover the white paper with a piece of carbon paper. Procedure ➀ Shoot the ball at various angles and pinpoint exactly which angle gives the maximumheight by checking the marks on the...
Page 35 - Give the Same Range?; Figure 8.1: Setup to shoot on level surface
012-05479B Mini Launcher 33 ® Experiment 8 (Demo): Do 30 ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅ and 60 ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅ Give the Same Range? EQUIPMENT NEEDED -Mini Launcher and steel ball Purpose The purpose of this demonstration is to show that the range of a ball launched at 30° is the same asone launched at 60° if the ball is shot on a lev...
Page 36 - Two Balls Horizontally at Different Speeds; – 2 Mini Launchers and 2 steel balls; . Since the vertical distance is the
Mini Launcher 012-05479B ® 34 Experiment 9 (Demo): Simultaneously Shoot Two Balls Horizontally at Different Speeds EQUIPMENT NEEDED – 2 Mini Launchers and 2 steel balls Purpose The purpose of this demonstration is to show that regardless of the initial speed of the balls launchedhorizontally off a t...
Page 38 - Shoot the ball through the rings.
Mini Launcher 012-05479B ® 36 Figure 10.1: Placing the rings ➂ Lay the 2-meter stick on the floor in a straight line away from the Launcher. ➃ Measure off each set of x and y and place a ring clamp on a stand at each position (SeeFigure 10.1). If possible it is best to adjust the last two ring stand...
Page 39 - Te ch n i c a l S u p p o r t
® M o d e l N o . M E - 6 8 2 5 A T e c h n i c a l S u p p o r t Te ch n i c a l S u p p o r t For assistance with any PASCO product, contact PASCO at: Limited Warranty For a description of the product warranty, see the PASCO catalog. Copyright The PASCO scientific 012-09562A Mini Launcher Instruct...
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