Cisco CCNA 2 - Manuals - manualsarea.com

Page 2 - Welcome; One size does not fit all

1 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Welcome Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. I. Welcome Welcome to the CCNA 2 version 3.1 Instructor Guide. Cisco Worldwide Education (WWE) has developed this guide to provide a helpful resource for instructors. This introduction wi...

Page 3 - One Size Does Not Fit All; The mission of WWE to educate and train

2 - 238 CCNA 2 Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Welcome Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. One Size Does Not Fit All The Cisco Networking Academy Program serves hundreds of thousands of students in almost 150 countries. Students range from early teens to mature adults and from a...

Page 4 - Standard and extended access-list configuration and placement; show; commands to verify and troubleshoot; Global Community; Cisco online tools and utilities

3 - 238 CCNA 2 Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Welcome Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • Standard and extended access-list configuration and placement • show , debug , ping , trace , and telnet commands to verify and troubleshoot Global Community WWE instructors are members ...

Page 5 - Target Audience

4 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Course Overview Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. II. Course Overview Target Audience The target audience is anyone who desires a practical and technical introduction to the field of networking. This includes high school, communi...

Page 6 - Lab Requirements

5 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Course Overview Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Students must successfully complete the CCNA 2 course before they can achieve CCNA certification. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to perform tasks related to...

Page 7 - Connect router Fast Ethernet, serial WAN, and console ports; Course Overview

6 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Course Overview Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • Connect router Fast Ethernet, serial WAN, and console ports • Perform, save, and test an initial configuration on a router • Configure additional administrative functionality on...

Page 9 - III. Teaching Guide for Each TI; Nomenclature; The CCNA curriculum uses the following hierarchy:; Course

8 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Teaching Guide: TI by TI Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. III. Teaching Guide for Each TI Nomenclature The CCNA curriculum uses the following hierarchy: • Course • Module • Learning objective (LO) • Target indicator (TI) For exa...

Page 10 - Module; A lab that is for practice, enrichment, or differentiation.; Essential lab; A lab that is fundamental to the course.

9 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Teaching Guide: TI by TI Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • Module Logical groupings that comprise a course. Modules contain multiple lessons or LOs. Modules are also referred to as chapters. • Learning objective (LO) A statemen...

Page 11 - Module 1: WANs and Routers; Overview; Module 1 Caution

10 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 1 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 1: WANs and Routers Overview When teaching Module 1, show the students how router configuration relates to the Internet, which is a global internetwork made possible by routers. ...

Page 18 - Module 1 Summary

17 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 1 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 1 Summary Before students move on to Module 2, they must be able to cable the lab setup, identify all external relevant ports, and identify internal router components. Online ass...

Page 19 - Module 2: Introduction to Routers; Module 2 Caution

18 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 2 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 2: Introduction to Routers Overview Consider the prior knowledge of students when teaching Module 2. Some students may be familiar with command-line interfaces (CLIs). Students w...

Page 20 - Operating Cisco IOS Software; show version

19 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 2 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2.1 Operating Cisco IOS Software Essential Labs: None Optional Labs: None Core TIs: All Optional TIs: none Course-Level Claim: Students can describe the purpose and fundamental operatio...

Page 22 - Starting a Router; Core TIs

21 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 2 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2.2 Starting a Router Essential Labs: 2.2.1, 2.2.4, and 2.2.9 Optional Labs: None Core TIs : All Optional TIs: none Course-Level Claim: Students can describe the purpose and fundamental...

Page 24 - terminal no editing

23 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 2 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. To demonstrate the help feature, instruct students to set the clock without telling them which commands to use. The question mark (?) will guide students through the process. 2.2.7 Enha...

Page 25 - Troubleshooting command line errors; Also demonstrate the use of the; history; command as a helpful tool for students to; The

24 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 2 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. The syntax of IOS commands can be complex. The feature used to recall commands can help students save time when they program or troubleshoot a router. 2.2.9 Troubleshooting command line...

Page 26 - Module 2 Summary

25 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 2 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 2 Summary Before students move on to Module 3, they must be able to interact with the router through a HyperTerminal session and the CLI. Online assessment options include the en...

Page 27 - Module 3: Configuring a Router; Module 3 Caution

26 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 3: Configuring a Router Overview When teaching Module 3, emphasize the empowerment that students will gain from the ability to configure routers and the importance of familiarity...

Page 28 - Configure an interface description

27 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • Configure an interface description • Configure a message-of-the-day banner • Configure host tables • Understand the importance of backups and documentation

Page 29 - Configure a Router; Certification Level Claim:

28 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 3.1 Configure a Router Essential Labs: 3.1.2, 3.1.3, 3.1.4, 3.1.5, 3.1.6, and 3.1.7 Optional Labs: None Core TIs: All Optional TIs: none Course-Level Claim: Students can perform, save, ...

Page 30 - config t

29 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. be changed does not need to be specified in the command. Another advantage is that only the parameters, or objects of the mode, i.e., the interface, or routing protocol, can be modified...

Page 33 - no shutdown

32 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • Remove the startup configuration file with the erase startup-config command. • Restart the router and enter setup mode. To save the configuration variables to the startup configuratio...

Page 34 - Finishing the Configuration; Importance of configuration standards

33 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 3.2 Finishing the Configuration Essential Labs: 3.2.3, 3.2.5, 3.2.7, and 3.2.9 Optional Labs: None Core TIs: All Optional TIs: none Course-Level Claim: Students can configure additional...

Page 35 - Configuring an interface description

34 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. associate did not have or follow standards, then the next associate will need to analyze how the device is supposed to be connected or configured. For example, if the headquarters route...

Page 36 - banner motd

35 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Ask students the following questions: • Which configuration mode is used to enter the description? • What are the commands to add a description to an interface? 3.2.4 Login banners Stud...

Page 37 - Configuration backup and documentation; config tftp

36 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Ask students the following questions: • What is a host name is associated with? • Can each unique IP address have a host name associated with it? 3.2.7 Configuring host tables This is a...

Page 38 - Ask students the following questions:

37 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. capturing text in the router. If the file needs to be copied back to the router, it can be pasted into the router. Ask students the following questions: • What is the command used to co...

Page 39 - Module 3 Summary

38 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 3 Summary Before students begin Module 4, they must be able to perform a basic router configuration in a limited amount of time and without assistance. Basic configuration includ...

Page 40 - Module 4: Learning about Other Devices; Module 4 Caution

39 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 4: Learning about Other Devices Overview Module 4 will introduce students to the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP). CDP is enabled by default on all Cisco devices. CDP allows device...

Page 41 - Discovering and Connecting to Neighbors

40 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • Troubleshoot remote terminal connections 4.1 Discovering and Connecting to Neighbors Essential Labs: 4.1.4 and 4.1.6 Optional Labs: None Core TIs: All Optional TIs: none Course-Level ...

Page 42 - TLV Definition

41 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 4.1.2 Information obtained with CDP CDP is used to collect information about directly-connected devices. The types of information it collects are referred to as Type Length Values (TLVs...

Page 43 - Command Purpose; Creating a network map of the environment

42 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 4.1.3 Implementation, monitoring, and maintenance of CDP CDP implemented by default on all interfaces that support it. The following table lists variations of the CDP command and their ...

Page 45 - Web Links

44 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Command Purpose clear cdp table Deletes information about neighbors from the CDP table clear cdp counters Reset traffic counters to zero show cdp traffic Displays CD counters such as th...

Page 46 - Getting Information about Remote Devices; ping; Establishing and verifying a Telnet connection; paris

45 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 4.2 Getting Information about Remote Devices Essential Labs: 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 4.2.4, 4.2.5a, 4.2.5b, and 4.2.6 Optional Labs: None Core TIs: All Optional TIs: none Course-Level Claim: Stud...

Page 47 - Disconnecting and suspending Telnet sessions

46 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 4.2.3 Disconnecting and suspending Telnet sessions Network administrators may need to establish multiple Telnet sessions. The keystroke Ctrl - Shift - 6 and then the letter X can be use...

Page 48 - Ctrl

47 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. The show sessions command output is as follows: Stanly_Lab# show sessions Conn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name 1 lab-b 192.168.10.1 4 5 lab-b 2 lab-d 192.168.10.1 0 0 lab-d * 3 lab-e 1...

Page 49 - IP address; trace IP address; Enter

48 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. The procedure to use the ping command is as follows: • ping IP address or name of destination • Press Enter The procedure to use the trace command is as follows: • trace IP address or n...

Page 50 - Show a routing table.; show ip route; Troubleshooting IP addressing issues; telnet; destination. This is the most complete test mechanism available.; address of the network layer. This is a very basic test mechanism.; traceroute; – is used to find failures in the path from the source to destination.

49 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Show a routing table. LAB-C# show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B – BGP, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area, E1 -...

Page 51 - Module 4 Summary; show cdp neighbors

50 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 4 Summary Students must master CDP and network troubleshooting commands before they move on to Module 5 Online assessment options include the end-of-module online quiz in the cur...

Page 52 - Module 5: Managing Cisco IOS Software

51 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 5: Managing Cisco IOS Software Overview When teaching Module 5, emphasize the importance of the router boot sequence. The router boot sequence verifies the proper operation of th...

Page 53 - Router Boot Sequence and Verification; the configuration-register; How a Cisco device locates and loads the Cisco IOS; boot system

52 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 5.1 Router Boot Sequence and Verification Essential Labs: 5.1.3 and 5.1.5 Optional Labs: None Core TIs: All Optional TIs: none Course-Level Claim: Students can Identify the stages of th...

Page 54 - Configuration Register Setting

53 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. It is important to realize that these boot system commands must be saved in NVRAM to be executed at the next start-up. If no boot system commands are saved in NVRAM, the router will use...

Page 55 - Managing the Cisco File System

54 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. If the router does not boot properly, the show version command can be used to identify the configuration register setting. The boot field indicates where the router is configured to boo...

Page 56 - The operating system

55 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 5.2.1 IOS file system overview A router or switch requires software to operate. The following are two basic types of essential software: • The operating system • The config file The ope...

Page 57 - Managing configuration files using TFTP; copy running-config tftp; Managing configuration files using copy and paste

56 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 5.2.3 Managing configuration files using TFTP The active configuration uses RAM and the default location for the startup configuration is NVRAM. Students must understand the differences...

Page 60 - Transfer

59 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. The default console speed of 9600 bps can be used or it can be changed to 115200 bps. This will speed up the download. The console speed can be changed with the confreg command. To rest...

Page 61 - Discuss the following alternatives with the students:; boot

60 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Discuss the following alternatives with the students: • NVRAM • TFTP server • ROM Make sure the boot commands are reviewed. Stress the importance of familiarity with the bootup procedur...

Page 62 - Module 5 Summary

61 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 5 Summary Students must be able to manage configuration files and verify the file system with show commands before they begin Module 6. Online assessment options include the end-...

Page 63 - Module 6: Routing and Routing Protocols; Module 6 Caution

62 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 6: Routing and Routing Protocols Overview When teaching Module 6, remind students that routing refers to the directions that are given to move packets from one network to another...

Page 64 - Introduction to Static Routing; ip route

63 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 6.1 Introduction to Static Routing Essential Labs: 6.1.6 Optional Labs: None Core TIs: All Optional TIs: none Course-Level Claim: Students can identify, configure, and verify the use of...

Page 65 - From Rt1 either of the following commands will work.

64 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. From Rt1 either of the following commands will work. Rt1(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 This command should be interpreted as “To reach the network 192.168.2.0 ...

Page 66 - Use the following steps to configure static routes:; command with the address and subnet mask of the destination; config terminal

65 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 6.1.3 Configuring static routes Use the following steps to configure static routes: 1. Determine all desired destination networks, their subnet masks, and their gateways. A gateway can ...

Page 67 - Configuring default route forwarding; Verifying static route configuration

66 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 6.1.4 Configuring default route forwarding Default routes are used to route packets with destinations that do not match any of the other routes in the routing table. A default route is ...

Page 68 - Gateway of last resort is not set; Troubleshooting static route configuration; show interfaces

67 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. interface Serial0/0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast no fair-queue clockrate 56000 ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 no ip di...

Page 69 - Here are the outputs of the; show interface; Use the escape sequence to abort.

68 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Here are the outputs of the show interface , ping , and traceroute commands. Rt1# show interfaces s0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is PowerQUICC Serial Internet address ...

Page 70 - Dynamic Routing Overview

69 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 6.2 Dynamic Routing Overview Essential Labs: None Optional Labs: None Core TIs: All Optional TIs: none Course-Level Claim: Students can evaluate the characteristics of routing protocols...

Page 71 - Purpose of a routing protocol and autonomous systems; Distance vector; Distance vector routing protocol features

70 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. At this point, students do not have to understand the details of an autonomous system. They just need to understand the basic concepts of an autonomous system. Students do not have enou...

Page 72 - Routing Protocols Overview

71 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. network topology information. This is measured in hop counts, or the number of routers in the path to a destination network. Distance vector algorithms do not allow a router to know the...

Page 73 - network

72 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Certification-Level Claim: Students can evaluate the characteristics of routing protocols. Hands-on skills: none 6.3.1 Path determination Path determination occurs at the network layer,...

Page 75 - Module 6 Summary

74 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 6 Summary Before students begin Module 7, they must be able to configure static routes and use the show ip route , ping , and traceroute commands to perform basic network testing...

Page 76 - Module 7: Distance Vector Routing Protocols; Module 7 Caution

75 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 7: Distance Vector Routing Protocols Overview When teaching module 7, emphasize both skills development and conceptual understanding of the routing protocols RIP and IGRP. Studen...

Page 77 - Distance vector routing loop issues

76 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 7.1. Distance Vector Routing Essential Labs: None Optional Labs: None Core TIs: All Optional TIs: none Course-Level Claim: Students can identify, analyze, and show how to rectify inhere...

Page 78 - Problem: Routing Loops

77 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • When Network 1 fails, Router E sends an update to Router A. Router A stops routing packets to Network 1, but Routers B, C, and D continue to route packets because they have not yet be...

Page 79 - Eliminating routing loops through split horizon; , if a routing update

78 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 7.1.3 Defining a maximum count The previous section described a situation in which slow convergence created the impression that a fictitious path to a network existed, which leads to a ...

Page 80 - Routing Update for a graphical representation of this process.

79 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Figure [1]: Routing Update Figure [2]: Split Horizon Split horizon is another mechanism to help prevent routing loops. Split horizon does not allow the originator of network information...

Page 81 - Avoiding routing loops with triggered updates; Router B

80 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 7.1.5 Route poisoning Route poisoning is another process used by routers to prevent routing loops. Briefly review the fact that routing loops are typically the result of slow convergenc...

Page 82 - Preventing routing loops with holddown timers

81 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 7.1.7 Preventing routing loops with holddown timers Holddown timers are used to prevent update messages from reinstating inaccessible routes. When a router receives an update that indic...

Page 83 - network network address; router rip

82 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 7.2.1 RIP routing process RIP is a distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as the metric for path selection. By default, the maximum hop count for RIP is 15 and routing upd...

Page 84 - ip classless; passive-interface interface

83 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 7.2.3 Using the ip classless command The ip classless command allows packets that are bound for an unknown subnet to be routed out the same interface as other known subnets in the same ...

Page 86 - Preventing routing updates through an interface; passive interface

85 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 219.17.100.0 in 1 hops 199.6.13.0 in 1 hops 210.93.105.0 in 3 hops Other commands that can be used to troubleshoot RIP update issues include the following: • show ip rip database • show...

Page 87 - Load balancing across multiple paths

86 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. This does not consider the bandwidth of each link. So while load balancing may allow packets to travel multiple paths to reach a destination, huge bandwidth differences among equal-cost...

Page 88 - Bandwidth

87 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 7.3.1 IGRP features IGRP is a Cisco proprietary distance-vector interior gateway routing protocol. Distance vector routing protocols mathematically compare routes to determine the best ...

Page 89 - show ip protocol

88 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. The lower the metric is, the better the route. Make sure that students understand that the default metrics for IGRP are bandwidth and delay. The other metrics can be used but are not us...

Page 92 - Module 7 Summary

91 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 7 Summary Before students begin Module 8, they must be able to configure and troubleshoot RIP and IGRP by themselves. Online assessment options include the end-of-module online q...

Page 93 - How to migrate RIP to IGRP

92 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • How to migrate RIP to IGRP • How to verify IGRP configuration • How to troubleshoot IGRP

Page 94 - Module 8: TCP/IP Suite Error and Control Messages; Module 8 Caution

93 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 8 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 8: TCP/IP Suite Error and Control Messages Overview The main goal of Module 8 is for students to learn how the IP protocol uses the ICMP protocol to provide control messages to h...

Page 95 - None; Error reporting and error correction

94 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 8 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 8.1 Overview of TCP/IP Error Message Essential Labs: None Optional Labs: None Core TIs: 8.1.1, 8.1.2, 8.1.4, 8.1.5, 8.1.6, and 8.1.8 Optional TIs: 8.1.3, 8.1.7, and 8.1.9 Course-Level C...

Page 96 - Network communications depend on certain basic conditions:; When the TTL value reaches zero, the packet is discarded.

95 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 8 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 8.1.4 Unreachable networks Network communications depend on certain basic conditions: • The sending and receiving devices must have the TCP/IP protocol configured. • This includes a cor...

Page 97 - ICMP message formats have three fields:

96 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 8 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 8.1.7 Echo messages ICMP message formats have three fields: • Type • Code • Checksum The type field indicates the type of ICMP message that is sent. The code field includes additional i...

Page 99 - The router is configured to send redirects.; Clock synchronization and transit time estimation

98 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 8 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • The route for the redirect is not another ICMP redirect or a default route. • The router is configured to send redirects. Make sure students understand default gateways. Instruct stud...

Page 100 - Congestion and flow control messages

99 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 8 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. process begins when the host sends a multicast router solicitation message to all routers with the address 224.0.0.2. If a router solicitation message is sent to a router that does not ...

Page 101 - Module 8 Summary

100 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 8 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 8 Summary Before students begin Module 9, they should know where to look for many of the error messages they may encounter. Online assessment options include the end-of-module o...

Page 102 - Module 9: Basic Router Troubleshooting; Module 9 Caution

101 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 9: Basic Router Troubleshooting Overview When teaching Module 9, emphasize the fact that the ability to interpret a routing table is of fundamental importance to networking prof...

Page 103 - Examining the Routing Table; Determining the gateway of last resort

102 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 9.1 Examining the Routing Table Essential Labs: 9.1.1, 9.1.2, and 9.1.8 Optional Labs: None Core TIs: All Optional TIs: none Course-Level Claim: Students can configure, verify, analyze...

Page 104 - Determining route source and destination

103 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. An administrator can use two different commands to configure default routes: • ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [next-hop-ip-address | exit-interface] • ip default-network The ip default-netwo...

Page 105 - Determining the last routing update

104 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Explain administrative distances to the students. The administrative distance represents the trustworthiness of the source of a route. The Cisco IOS is designed to trust directly conne...

Page 106 - Observing multiple paths to destination; Using a structured approach to troubleshooting

105 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 9.1.9 Observing multiple paths to destination Some routing protocols support multiple paths to the same destination. Multipath algorithms permit traffic over multiple lines, provide be...

Page 107 - Layer 1 troubleshooting using indicators

106 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 9.2.3 Testing by OSI layers Testing should begin with Layer 1 of the OSI model and work to Layer 7 if necessary. The ping command is used at Layer 3. The telnet command is used at Laye...

Page 108 - Troubleshooting Router Issues Overview

107 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 9.3 Troubleshooting Router Issues Overview Essential Labs: 9.3.4, 9.3.5, and 9.3.7 Optional Labs: None Core TIs: All Optional TIs: none Course-Level Claim: Students can use the command...

Page 109 - show controllers

108 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. This is an important concept for the students to understand to help in the troubleshooting process. Two important facts for the students to learn are that CDP is Cisco proprietary, whi...

Page 110 - command is used to display dynamic data and events. The; debug; command; debug

109 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. the troubleshooting process. Students need to realize that there is a lot of output that will be completely unfamiliar to them. The two main reasons for them to use this command are to...

Page 111 - Module 9 Summary

110 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 9 Summary Before students begin Module 10, they must be able to read and interpret a routing table and must have mastered a range of IOS commands for troubleshooting. Online ass...

Page 112 - Module 10 Caution

111 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 10 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 10: Intermediate TCP/IP Overview Module 10 is a good place to have the student compare IP and TCP. It is essential for the students to understand that IP is connectionless and ...

Page 114 - received the previous ACK. This finalizes the connection process.

113 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 10 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 3. The source host responds with a simple acknowledgement of y + 1 to indicate that it received the previous ACK. This finalizes the connection process. The three-way handshake is an ...

Page 115 - IP; – provides connectionless unreliable transmission at Layer 3; TCP; – provides connection-oriented reliable transmission at Layer 4; UDP; – provides connectionless unreliable transmission at Layer 4

114 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 10 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 10.1.5 Sequencing numbers Since TCP breaks data into segments, the receiver must reassemble the data segments once all of the data is received. TCP issues a sequence to the data segme...

Page 116 - Overview of Transport Layer Ports; Multiple conversations between hosts

115 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 10 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. UDP is often used for applications and services such as real-time audio and video. These applications require less overhead. They also do not need to be resequenced since packets that...

Page 117 - netstat –a; command. The ports that are listed as listening; Port numbering and well known port numbers; Well known ports

116 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 10 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 10.2.2 Ports for services Services that are used on hosts must have a port numbers assigned so communication can occur. Some ports are reserved in both TCP and UDP. These are consider...

Page 118 - Example of multiple sessions between hosts

117 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 10 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 10.2.5 Example of multiple sessions between hosts Port numbers are used to track multiple sessions that occur between hosts. The port number combined with the network address forms a ...

Page 119 - Module 10 Summary

118 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 10 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 10 Summary Before students begin Module 11, they must be able to compare and contrast the roles of MAC addresses, IP addresses, and port numbers. Online assessment options incl...

Page 121 - Limit network traffic and increase network performance

120 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 11.1.1 Introduction to ACLs ACLs are lists of conditions that are applied to traffic that travels across a router interface. These lists tell the router what types of packets to accep...

Page 122 - command is issued in the interface configuration mode.

121 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. If all the ACL statements are unmatched, an implicit "deny any" statement is placed at the end of the list by default. Even though the "deny any" is not visible, it wi...

Page 124 - any

123 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 11.1.4 The function of a wildcard mask A wildcard mask is paired with an IP address. The binary numbers one and zero in the mask are used to identify how the corresponding IP address ...

Page 126 - host; or; keywords in the command.

125 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 11.2.2 Extended ACLs Extended ACLs are used more often than standard ACLs because they provide a greater range of control. Extended ACLs check the source and destination packet addres...

Page 127 - eq

126 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. precedence Match packets with given precedence value psh Match on the PSH bit range Match only packets in the range of port numbers rst Match on the RST bit syn Match on the SYN bit t...

Page 128 - extended

127 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Then enter extended or standard : rt1(config)# ip access-list extended ? <100-199> Extended IP access-list number WORD Access-list name The name used is named_ACL : rt1(config)#...

Page 129 - Restricting virtual terminal access; access-list 2 deny any; Here are the commands to apply the access list:; login; password secret

128 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 11.2.6 Restricting virtual terminal access Standard and extended access lists apply to packets that travel through a router. They are not designed to block packets that originate with...

Page 130 - Module 11 Summary

129 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Module 11 Summary Before students take the final exam, they should have mastered the configuration and placement of standard and extended IP access-lists. Online assessment options in...

Page 131 - Overview and Objectives; Set up a TFTP server on one of the workstations

130 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. IV. Case Study Overview and Objectives This case study allows students to complete a network design, implementation, and troubleshooting project using the skills gained in CCNA 2. St...

Page 132 - Scenario and Phase 1: Project Description

131 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Scenario and Phase 1: Project Description A company has several people responsible for maintaining various sections of the internetwork infrastructure. Many technicians have done an ...

Page 133 - Phase 2: IP Addressing

132 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Phase 2: IP Addressing Now that the basic plan is in place, the team leader assigns the technician to develop a prototype for the new internetwork. Use the network address assigned a...

Page 134 - Phase 3: Basic Router and Workstation Configuration; Table continued on next page

133 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Phase 3: Basic Router and Workstation Configuration After the team leader inspects the prototype cabling, the technician is assigned to create a basic configuration on the router and...

Page 135 - Boaz Center

134 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Boaz Center Eva * Host Table - contains all routers and servers Message of the Day Serial 0/0 description Serial 0/1 description Fa 0/0 description Fa 0/1 description Instructor appr...

Page 136 - Phase 4: Access Control Lists

135 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Phase 4: Access Control Lists While testing the network, the team leader discovers that security has not been planned for the network. If the network configuration were installed as ...

Page 137 - Phase 5: Documenting the Network; Configuration management documentation

136 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Phase 5: Documenting the Network In order to support the network properly, documentation is required. Create documentation that is logically organized to make troubleshooting simpler...

Page 138 - Case Study Deliverables; General Documentation:

137 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Case Study Deliverables The key lesson of this case study is the importance of thorough and clear documentation. There should be two types of documentation completed. General Documen...

Page 139 - show ip interface

138 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • show ip interface • show version • show hosts • show startup-config • show ip access-list

Page 140 - Case Study – Instructor Notes; Phase 1: Project Description; Class Range; The following topics can be used for class discussion:

139 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Case Study – Instructor Notes Phase 1: Project Description This phase of the case study can begin early in the semester, as students should be familiar with subnetting. The entire ca...

Page 141 - This Phase should be completed after Module 11.

140 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • The concept of reserved address space for routers, servers, and hosts • The reasons for developing an IP address scheme to allow for future growth Phase 3: Basic Router and Worksta...

Page 142 - Case Study – Instructor Sample Outputs; Phase 5: Documenting the Network – Sample outputs Boaz (2500); Configuration Management documentation – Boaz (2500)

141 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Case Study – Instructor Sample Outputs Phase 5: Documenting the Network – Sample outputs Boaz (2500) Configuration Management documentation – Boaz (2500) Boaz# show cdp neighbors Cap...

Page 143 - show ip interface brief

142 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Boaz# show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol Ethernet0 172.16.96.1 YES manual up up Serial0 172.16.64.2 YES manual up up Serial1 unassigned YES unset...

Page 145 - Security Management documentation – Boaz (2500)

144 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Security Management documentation – Boaz (2500) Boaz# show ip interface Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 172.16.96.1/19 Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255 A...

Page 147 - Phase 5: Documenting the Network – Sample outputs Centre (2500); Configuration Management documentation

146 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Phase 5: Documenting the Network – Sample outputs Centre (2500) Configuration Management documentation Centre# show cdp neighbors Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - ...

Page 150 - Security Management documentation – Centre (2500)

149 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Security Management documentation – Centre (2500) Centre# show ip interface Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 172.16.32.1/19 Broadcast address is 255.255.255.2...

Page 152 - Phase 5: Documenting the Network – Sample outputs Eva (2500); Configuration Management documentation – Eva (2500)

151 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Phase 5: Documenting the Network – Sample outputs Eva (2500) Configuration Management documentation – Eva (2500) Eva# show cdp neighbors Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridg...

Page 153 - show hosts

152 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Image text-base: 0x0303794C, data-base: 0x00001000 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE ROM: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (...

Page 155 - Security Management documentation – Eva (2500)

154 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Security Management documentation – Eva (2500) Eva# show ip interface Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is down Internet address is 172.16.160.1/19 Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255 ...

Page 157 - A) Cisco Online Tools and Utilities

Page 158 - Appendix A: Cisco Online Tools and Utilities; more about the Cisco TAC website visit

157 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Appendix A: Cisco Online Tools and Utilities Cisco Systems offer a wide range of online documents and tools to assist in the configuration, troubleshooting, and optimization of route...

Page 159 - Output Interpreter

158 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 1 Output Interpreter Output Interpreter is a Web-based application that provides a troubleshooting analysis and a course of action for a router, switch, or PIX device. Output Interpr...

Page 160 - Error Message Decoder

159 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2 Error Message Decoder Explanations for console error message strings are listed in the Cisco Software System Messages guide. http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/Support/Errordecoder/home....

Page 161 - Software Bug Toolkit

160 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 3 Software Bug Toolkit The Software Bug Toolkit is a Web-based resource that is used to search for software bugs based on version and feature sets. The toolkit can be used to determi...

Page 162 - IP Subnet Calculator

161 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 4 IP Subnet Calculator IP Subnet Calculator is a Web-based resource that is used to calculate the subnet mask based on several variables. This tool can be used to verify network sett...

Page 163 - Password Recovery Procedures

162 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 5 Password Recovery Procedures This Web page is the source for Cisco password recovery procedures. The password recovery procedure for every Cisco device can be found here. http://ww...

Page 164 - TAC Case Collection

163 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 6 TAC Case Collection The TAC Case Collection, is an evolution of the Troubleshooting Assistant tool. It allows users to interactively identify and troubleshoot common problems that ...

Page 165 - Software Advisor

164 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 7 Software Advisor The Software Advisor helps users choose the appropriate software for network devices. Users can match software features to Cisco IOS and CatOS releases, compare IO...

Page 166 - Feature Navigator II

165 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 8 Feature Navigator II Cisco Feature Navigator II is a Web-based application that allows users to quickly find the right Cisco IOS Software release for the features they want to run ...

Page 167 - TAC Advanced Search; in the Networking Professionals Connection discussion forums.

166 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 9 TAC Advanced Search TAC Advanced Search can be used to access the same resources used by TAC. Users can search the entire TAC database for technical documents published by the Cisc...

Page 168 - Appendix B: Instructional Best Practices

167 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Appendix B: Instructional Best Practices B.1 Definition of Best Practices B.1.1 What is meant by best practices? Figure 1: Best Practices Since the early 1980s, schools have explored...

Page 171 - National Council for Teachers of English:

170 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Web Links National Council for Teachers of English: http://www.ncte.org/standards/standards.shtml Council for Teachers of Math: http://www.nctm.org/ National Science Teachers Associa...

Page 173 - Third International Math and Science Study:

172 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Web Links Third International Math and Science Study: http://isc.bc.edu/timss1999benchmark.html TIMSS International Study Center: http://timss.bc.edu/ B.1.5 Student-centered learning...

Page 174 - Pedagogical Application of Technology: A Consortium for Change:

173 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Students will also assign roles and identify jobs that need to be completed for the benefit of the group. This allows students to tap into their current knowledge, and journey into n...

Page 177 - Using the Internet to Promote Inquiry-based Learning:

176 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Web Links Big Rocks and Powerful Kingdoms Personal Learning in Science and Social Studies: http://www.ascd.org/readingroom/classlead/9911/2nov99.html Using the Internet to Promote In...

Page 178 - Get close to the students when speaking.

177 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • Be sensitive to background noise in the lab. Turn radios, cell phones, and televisions off during work times. If background noise is unavoidable with online learning, instruct hear...

Page 180 - National Center for Learning Disabilities:

179 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • Use visual advance organizers to introduce new concepts, analyze, and synthesize levels of comprehension. Organizers prepare the brain for the arrival of new content. This techniqu...

Page 182 - PPP; Cisco Networking Academy Program:

181 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. The required lab equipment for CCNA 4 includes workstations, hubs, switches, and routers. Optional WAN simulation equipment is also recommended. Students acquire lab skills in the fo...

Page 186 - with any questions or requests for additional

185 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Students will usually access the equipment in the evening or on the weekends from their homes or another location with Internet access. Some instructors may choose to implement use o...

Page 187 - There are generally three levels of Academy simulations:; Syntax drill; – The simplest and most scripted activity can be thought of as a; Lab drill

186 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. B.2.4 Simulations Figure 1: Simulations Research indicates that learning is more extensive when content is interactive and provides instant feedback. The Academy curriculum contains ...

Page 188 - Simulation; – The third level is called simulation. This is the most open-ended

187 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • Simulation – The third level is called simulation. This is the most open-ended environment. This level is not scripted. Therefore, it supports a wide variety of hardware and softwa...

Page 190 - IT Essentials: PC Hardware and Software IT Essentials

189 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. The six sponsored curricula also require dedicated labs and a variety of hardware and software. They are summarized in the following sections: IT Essentials: PC Hardware and Software...

Page 191 - Fundamentals of UNIX

190 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • Laboratory safety • On-the-job safety • Working effectively in group environments Fundamentals of UNIX Fundamentals of UNIX, which is sponsored by Sun Microsystems, provides studen...

Page 194 - Network security issues:

193 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Figure 3: Wireless LAN In the future, new technologies such as network security, IP telephony, and wireless LANs may be the basis for Academy courses. Each of these courses will have...

Page 195 - Expose students to a working system

194 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. B.2.7 Troubleshooting Figure 1: Steps in the Problem-Solving Model Troubleshooting is a form of educational inquiry that is necessary in most Academy courses, even if it is not forma...

Page 196 - Teaching Methods Web Resources:

195 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • Provide opportunities for students to practice diagnosis and repair Web Links Teaching Methods Web Resources: http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/education/methods/resources.html The Un...

Page 200 - Dartmouth Problem-Solving and Design Method:

199 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. students will be able to use the lessons learned from failed problem-solving attempts to save time when they try to solve new problems. Chapter 5, Research, Documentation, and Testin...

Page 201 - The wildest possible ideas are accepted.

200 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. B.3.3 Brainstorming Figure 1: Cluster Diagram Brainstorming techniques can be useful for teaching IT curriculum. These techniques can be applied to areas such as introductions to new...

Page 204 - Case Study Teaching in Science: A Bibliography:

203 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Web Links Use of Master Classroom Technology to Implement a Case Study Approach to Learning: http://www.mtsu.edu/~itconf/papers96/MASTER.HTM Case Study Teaching in Science: A Bibliog...

Page 206 - B.4 Instructional Strategies; A hook

205 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. B.4 Instructional Strategies B.4.1 Instructor-led classrooms Figure 1: Instructor-Led Classrooms The instructor-led style of instruction is currently the most commonly used approach....

Page 209 - Groups of two students to study online curriculum; Pairs or partners; The instructor can assign partners.; Small groups; The students can choose their own partners.

208 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. B.4.3 Cooperative/collaborative work Cooperative work occurs when students work in groups for extended periods of time. Students work together for the benefit of all group members. R...

Page 210 - Teams

209 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. The student roles within the group may be formal and assigned, or informal and unassigned. A formal or assigned role may be a leader, a speaker, a note taker, a summarizer, or a time...

Page 211 - Student-led discussions; Teaching Strategies: Group Work and Cooperative Learning:

210 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. • Student-led discussions • Demonstrations • Presentations Web Links Teaching Strategies: Group Work and Cooperative Learning: http://www.crlt.umich.edu/tstrategies/tsgwcl.html Enhan...

Page 215 - What do they consider to be a Plus?; Activating and Engaging Habits of Mind:

214 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. B.4.6 PMI Figure 1: PMI Many of the best instructional strategies help students think about their thought processes, or engage in metacognition. Other strategies encourage students t...

Page 221 - . These methods were publicized by a

220 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Figure 11: Local Area Networks and Devices Figure 12: Wide Area Networks and Devices Advanced organizers can be used to tap into the prior knowledge of students. There are many forms...

Page 226 - Kinesthetic Teaching:

225 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. A kinesthetic activity refers to the movement of the body to act out or communicate something. The kinesthetic activities in this section demonstrate the networking process. These ex...

Page 227 - B.5 Assessment Strategies; Individual students answer review questions on their computers.; Learning Through Technology:

226 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. B.5 Assessment Strategies B.5.1 Review strategies Most lessons contain review questions that pertain to content from the previous lesson. Strategies for the use of review questions c...

Page 228 - Content

227 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. B.5.2 Journals and reflection An effective evaluation practice for students is to write in journals and reflect on academic experiences. Students can document their individual learni...

Page 230 - Student Reflection Questions:

229 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Web Links Student Reflection Questions: http://pblmm.k12.ca.us/PBLGuide/PlanAssess/StReflectionQuestions.html

Page 232 - Rubrics and Assessments:

231 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Rubrics that are developed by both students and teachers can help students organize and prepare for learning through advance knowledge of their assessment expectations. It also allow...

Page 233 - Guidelines for Portfolio Assessment in Teaching English:

232 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. B.5.4 Portfolio A portfolio is an example of authentic assessment. As students complete major presentations or networking projects, they save them in a portfolio. A portfolio of acco...

Page 237 - Certification Magazine:

236 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. Web Links Certification Magazine: http://www.certmag.com/issues/aug01/feature_long.cfm CCIE: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/625/ccie/