Page 3 - Regulatory Compliance Statements; FCC Class A Notice
Regulatory Compliance Statements Your Sun product is marked to indicate its compliance class: • Federal Communications Commission (FCC) — USA • Department of Communications (DOC) — Canada • Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) — Japan Please read the appropriate section that corresponds...
Page 5 - Declaration of Conformity
Declaration of Conformity Compliance ID: PCI-S10-100 Product Name: SunFDDI/P SAS Adapter This equipment complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the followingtwo conditions: 1) This equipment may not cause harmful interference and 2) This equipmentmust accept any interference ...
Page 7 - Contents; xix; Part 1 —Installing and Configuring SunFDDI/P
vii Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix Part 1 —Installing and Configuring SunFDDI/P 1. SunFDDI/P Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Feature Summary . . . . . . . . . . ....
Page 8 - To Install SunFDDI/P Using
viii SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 3. Installing SunFDDI/P Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Declaring IP Addresses for SunFDDI/P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
Page 9 - Part 2 —Planning and Implementing SunFDDI Networks
Contents ix Tuning the High and Low Water Marks at Boot Time. . . . . 29 Tuning the Socket Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 MTU Path Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 ▼ To Tune the Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) . . . . . . . . ...
Page 11 - Changing the Default MAC Address; Managing FDDI Stations
Contents xi Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Tree of Concentrators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Disadvant...
Page 12 - To Share; Developing Applications that
xii SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 ▼ To Install the Standard SNM Agents on a Client . . . . . . 104 ▼ To Install the FDDI Schemas on a Client . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Installing the FDDI Schemas on the Console . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 ▼ To Share pf_install_agents From a Client . ....
Page 15 - Figures
xv Figures Figure 2-1 Aligning SC-Type Fiber Optic Cable Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Figure 2-2 Cleaning the End of a Fiber Optic Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Figure 6-1 FDDI Architectural Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Figure 6-2 Communica...
Page 16 - Normal Sequence of
xvi SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Figure 7-2 Basic Dual-Ring Network with Two Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Figure 7-3 Standalone Concentrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Figure 7-4 Standalone Concentrator With Dual-Homing . . . . . . . ...
Page 17 - Tables
xvii Tables Table 5-1 Problems Installing SunFDDI/P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Table 5-2 Problems Running SunFDDI/P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Table 5-3 Problems Using the SNM Agents for SunFDDI/P . . . . . . . . . . 43 Table 8-1 pf_stat States Un...
Page 19 - Preface; How this Book is Organized; The SunFDDI/PTM 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide is divided into two parts:
xix Preface The SunFDDI/P™ 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide describes how to turn yoursystem into an FDDI station attached to an FDDI network. It is intended forexperienced network administrators who are familiar with the Solaris 2.5.1Hardware: 4/97 operating environment. The SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter issupport...
Page 20 - Part 1 — “Installing and Configuring SunFDDI/P”
xx SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 The connector type has been changed for SunFDDI/P to an SC-type connector.If you are connecting the SunFDDI/P card to a network that has a MICconnector, an SC-MIC converter cable is required. Part 1 — “Installing and Configuring SunFDDI/P” Chapter 1, “S...
Page 21 - UNIX Commands
Preface xxi Chapter 9, “Managing FDDI Stations Using SunNet Manager,” describeshow to install the SunNet Manager agents for SunFDDI/P and how to set upthe SunNet Manager console to manage them. Chapter 10, “Developing Applications that Run over SunFDDI/P,” describeshow to create applications that ru...
Page 22 - Typographic Conventions
xxii SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Typographic Conventions The following table describes the typographic changes used in this book. Shell Prompts The following table shows the default system prompt and superuser promptfor the C shell, Bourne shell, and Korn shell. Typeface orSymbol Mea...
Page 23 - Related Documents; SunDocs; is a distribution program for Sun Microsystems technical
Preface xxiii Related Documents For a more detailed description of FDDI technology and the relevant FDDIprotocols, see these documents: Ordering Sun Documents SunDocs SM is a distribution program for Sun Microsystems technical documentation. Easy, convenient ordering and quick delivery is available ...
Page 24 - Getting Help; and select Sales & Service; Sun Welcomes Your Comments
xxiv SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 Getting Help For technical assistance in the United States, call 1-800-872-4786. To get the latest patches and patch revisions, contact your local Sun Serviceprovider. For additional information, access Sun on the World Wide Web: http://www.sun.com an...
Page 25 - Part 1 — Installing and Configuring
Page 27 - SunFDDI/P SAS — single attached station on fiber; SunFDDI/P provides the following capabilities:
1 SunFDDI/P Overview 1 This chapter describes the Sun FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)implementation of the FDDI protocols, including a list of the ANSI/FDDIstandards to which it conforms. See Chapter 6, “FDDI Network Architecture”for more information on FDDI architecture. Feature Summary The...
Page 28 - Supports data transfer rates of up to 100 Mbps; FDDI Conformance
2 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 1 • Provides connection to multimode fiber (SunFDDI/P and SunFDDI/P Dual)networks • Supports data transfer rates of up to 100 Mbps • Provides power-up self test and system diagnostic tests • Provides high reliability and availability through distributed,...
Page 29 - Hardware Installation; A lithium battery is molded into the
3 Hardware Installation 2 This chapter tells you where to find step-by-step procedures for installing PCIcards. It describes the convention used to assign device names to SunFDDI/Padapter cards, and tells you how to connect fiber optic cables. Caution – For your personal safety and to protect your m...
Page 30 - pf; Installation Items
4 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 2 Device Instances and Device Names You can install a SunFDDI/P PCI card in any available master PCI slot.SunFDDI/P supports up to four SunFDDI/P PCI cards installed in one PCI,and up to eight SunFDDI/P PCI cards installed in one machine. SunFDDI/P 1.0 P...
Page 31 - Installing SunFDDI/P Adapter Cards
Hardware Installation 5 2 Installing SunFDDI/P Adapter Cards Refer to the hardware installation manual that came with your system fordetailed instructions on how to install an adapter card in your machine. There are no user-configurable jumpers or switches on the SunFDDI/P PCIcard. Altering any of t...
Page 32 - To Connect the Fiber Optic Cable; end, and remove the plug from the transceiver unit on the card.; Plug the cable into the card connector.
6 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 2 • Fiber optic cable has a limited turn radius. Do not bend it in a way thatcould damage the fiber or cause signal loss. ▼ To Connect the Fiber Optic Cable 1. Unpack the cable, remove the plastic protective caps or plugs from each end, and remove the pl...
Page 33 - Two different versions of the coupler are available:; Cleaning the Fiber Optic Cable
Hardware Installation 7 2 MIC-to-MIC Coupler A separate MIC (Media Interface Connector) coupler is shipped with theSunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter product to support MIC-to-MIC network connections. Two different versions of the coupler are available: • One with raised keys to help you properly orient the conn...
Page 34 - To Clean the Fiber Optic Cable; Blow clean, dry compressed air around the end of the connector and
8 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 2 ▼ To Clean the Fiber Optic Cable 1. Gently wipe the end of the ferrule with an alcohol-moistened cotton swab. Figure 2-2 Cleaning the End of a Fiber Optic Cable 2. Blow clean, dry compressed air around the end of the connector and around the ferrule to...
Page 35 - Green: Connection established to an active FDDI network.
Hardware Installation 9 2 Link Status Indicator (Diagnostic LED) A link status indicator is mounted on the SunFDDI/P PCI card. The color ofthe LED indicates the current status of the connection to the FDDI network asfollows: • No LED lit: Either the driver is loaded and the interface is not configur...
Page 37 - Installing SunFDDI/P Software
11 Installing SunFDDI/P Software 3 This chapter assumes that you have already installed the SunFDDI/P adaptercard in your machine and that you are loading the software from a localCD-ROM drive. This chapter tells you how to install the SunFDDI/P device drivers, utilities,and SunNet Manager agents in...
Page 38 - Hardware and Software Platforms; Declaring IP Addresses for SunFDDI/P; file on each machine in the network to add the IP addresses and
12 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 3 Installation Requirements • Hardware and Software Platforms SunFDDI/P is designed for Sun-4u PCI-based system architectures (32Mbytes RAM minimum) running a Solaris 2.5.1 Hardware: 4/97environment. • Disk Space A machine with 1600 KBytes of disk space...
Page 39 - Installing and Configuring SunFDDI/P; To Load and Mount the CD-ROM; Place the CD-ROM in its caddy and load the caddy into the CD-ROM; pkgadd; or become
Installing SunFDDI/P Software 13 3 Installing and Configuring SunFDDI/P Use pkgadd(1M) to install unbundled software. See the Solaris 2.5 Software and AnswerBook Packages Administration Guide for detailed information on installingsoftware products using pkgadd . For detailed instructions on how to l...
Page 40 - To Install the Device Driver; SUNWpfr
14 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 3 3. Enter the number that corresponds to the package you want to install and press Return. Respond to any prompts that are displayed.Two packages are associated with SunFDDI/P. They contain the devicedrivers and utilities used to manage your SunFDDI/P ...
Page 41 - Enter a number from 1 to 16 or press Return for the default.; file) the script offers it as a; for each SunFDDI/P PCI card installed in your machine.; Type
Installing SunFDDI/P Software 15 3 (See Chapter 11, “Setting Up Servers and Diskless Clients” for moreinformation on booting diskless clients across an FDDI network.) The number of SunFDDI/P interfaces found is displayed and you are askedhow many interfaces you want to configure. 2. Enter a number f...
Page 42 - to use the installation scripts with superuser permission.; To Install the Utilities, man Pages, and SNM Agents; SUNWpft
16 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 3 • Type n , or press Return, if you are not using SunNet Manager to manage your network; if you are running SunNet Manager agents on anothermachine; or if you want to start the SunNet Manager agents manually. 7. Type y to use the installation scripts w...
Page 43 - to accept the installation of files with; setuid; To Finish the Installation; to stop; when the list of available packages is displayed; vold
Installing SunFDDI/P Software 17 3 1. Type y to accept the installation of files with setuid / setgid permission. If you are installing the SUNWpft package for the first time, this step will not occur. 2. Type y to accept the installation scripts with superuser permission. ▼ To Finish the Installati...
Page 44 - To Check the Installation; to check the current state of the SunFDDI/P
18 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 3 • If Volume Manager ( vold ) is not running on your machine, unmount the CD-ROM before you eject and remove the directory that you created: 3. Reboot your machine. ▼ To Check the Installation 1. Use netstat(1M) to check for SunFDDI/P interfaces. 2. Us...
Page 45 - Unloading Drivers; command. If the SunNet Manager; If SunNet Manager is configured and running on your system:
Installing SunFDDI/P Software 19 3 Your SunFDDI/P station should now be active, and you should be able to sendand receive data across an FDDI connection. For optimum performance from your FDDI network, you may need to tune theconfigurable network parameters. See Chapter 4, “Improving NetworkPerforma...
Page 46 - Installing SunNet Manager Agents for SunFDDI/P; Use; To Use
20 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 3 Installing SunNet Manager Agents for SunFDDI/P Use pf_install_agents to install the SunNet Manager agents for SunFDDI/P. This script copies the FDDI schema files to the directory in whichthe standard agents are installed and updates the configuration ...
Page 47 - Specify the destination directory for the SunFDDI/P schemas.; by; Note – If you typed; in response to the question “Do you want to start the
Installing SunFDDI/P Software 21 3 4. Specify the destination directory for the SunFDDI/P schemas. SunNet Manager looks for the schemas in the directory<basedir> /SUNWconn/snm/agents . The variable <basedir> is set to /opt by default. If you installed the SunNet Manager agents and librar...
Page 48 - file to remove the IP addresses and host names
22 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 3 Removing SunFDDI/P If you remove the SunFDDI/P hardware interfaces from your machine, youalso need to remove the SunFDDI/P software to prevent the device driverfrom starting each time you reboot the machine. Use pkgrm(1M) to remove unbundled software ...
Page 49 - Improving Network Performance
23 Improving Network Performance 4 This chapter tells you how to optimize your FDDI network and assumes thatyou are familiar with FDDI network architecture and related terminology. SeeChapter 6, “FDDI Network Architecture” for a detailed description of the FDDIprotocols, and Chapter 7, “FDDI Network...
Page 51 - Data Throughput Improvement; Send and Receive Buffers; Performance Across Bridges; For SunFDDI/P, the MTU is set to 4352 by default
Improving Network Performance 25 4 Data Throughput Improvement The most significant improvements in throughput are achieved by maximizingthe rate at which data is transferred to and from the FDDI network. If you arerunning TCP/IP or UDP/IP applications, you can improve throughput bymodifying the par...
Page 52 - with the lowest bid wins the claim. Setting the value of
26 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 4 fragmented so that they do not exceed the MTU of the Ethernet network. Somelow-cost bridges that do not support fragmentation will reject the 4352-bytepackets. Fragmenting and reassembling the packets introduces a considerable overheadthat affects per...
Page 53 - Improving Performance; Changing the High and Low Water Marks; To Tune the High Water Mark; to change the TCP and; (the default) to check the current value of the TCP high
Improving Network Performance 27 4 Improving Performance The following section describes how to modify the user-configurable networkparameters. To obtain optimum network performance, you may need to tunethese parameters, depending on your network configuration and the type ofnetwork traffic. Changin...
Page 54 - ndd —set; To Tune the Low Water Mark; to change the TCP and UDP low water marks:
28 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 4 3. Use ndd —set to modify the current value of the TCP high water marks ( tcp_xmit_hiwat and tcp_recv_hiwat ). For optimum performance over FDDI connections, the TCP high watermarks should both be set to 32 Kbytes. 4. Use ndd —get (the default) to che...
Page 55 - to modify the current value of the TCP and UDP low water; Tuning the High and Low Water Marks at Boot Time; Solaris 2.5.1 environments support program calls to
Improving Network Performance 29 4 2. Use ndd —set to modify the current value of the TCP and UDP low water marks ( tcp_xmit_lowat and udp_xmit_lowat ). For optimum performance over FDDI connections, set the TCP and UDPlow water marks to 24 Kbytes. Tuning the High and Low Water Marks at Boot Time Ea...
Page 56 - MTU Path Discovery; don’t fragment; file to add the following line:; command can be used to change the
30 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 4 MTU Path Discovery Machines running a Solaris 2.x environment support MTU path discovery,which allows the optimum MTU to be negotiated. Under most circumstances,this ensures efficient use of the network resources. However, to enable MTUpath discovery ...
Page 57 - To Disable MTU Path Discovery; Many bridges do not support MTU path discovery.; To Tune the Target Token Rotation Time (TTRT); root; superuser
Improving Network Performance 31 4 ▼ To Disable MTU Path Discovery Many bridges do not support MTU path discovery. ♦ To disable this feature in order to transmit packets across a bridge, type: MTU path discovery is re-enabled each time the machine is rebooted. ▼ To Tune the Target Token Rotation Tim...
Page 59 - Troubleshooting and Diagnostics
33 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics 5 This chapter describes how to detect and resolve common problems with yourFDDI network. It includes instructions on how to load and configure theSunFDDI/P device driver manually, if required. Note that SunFDDI/Psupports almost all of the standard SunOS™ network d...
Page 60 - To Check the Connection to the Station; B B; To Check the Link Status Indicator
34 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 5 Troubleshooting Checklist Use the following checklist to verify the major components of yourSunFDDI/P station, and to check that it is installed, configured, and attachedto the network correctly. ▼ To Check the Connection to the Station ♦ Check that t...
Page 61 - the station and the concentrator.; interface with the; Checking the MAC Address
Troubleshooting and Diagnostics 35 5 • If the LED is amber, the SunFDDI/P driver is loaded, the pf interface is configured, but no valid line state to an active FDDI network exists. a. Check the physical connections between the station and the ring, or the station and the concentrator. b. Check the ...
Page 62 - To Check the SunFDDI/P Driver; ) driver is installed; To Check the IP Addresses; on the local machine if you are not
36 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 5 ▼ To Check the SunFDDI/P Driver ♦ Use netstat(1M) to check that the SunFDDI/P ( pf ) driver is installed correctly, and to check for an excessive number of errors and collisions: A sudden increase in the number of errors could indicate a noisy connect...
Page 63 - To Check the IP Routing; Check the IP routing table using the; If the routing table is empty, check that the routing daemon (; To Check the Protocol Statistics
Troubleshooting and Diagnostics 37 5 ▼ To Check the IP Routing 1. Check the IP routing table using the netstat(1M) command: 2. Check that the FDDI subnetwork is featured in the routing table. If the routing table is empty, check that the routing daemon ( in.routed ) is running on your machine. ▼ To ...
Page 64 - To Check the SMT Traffic
38 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 5 ♦ Use netstat(1M) to check the driver statistics: ▼ To Check the SMT Traffic If the target station is not running SunFDDI/P, it does not necessarily supportthe same set of SMT frames. If the target station receives an SMT request for anunsupported ser...
Page 65 - Solving Common Problems
Troubleshooting and Diagnostics 39 5 Solving Common Problems Use the information in Table 5-1 and Table 5-2 to diagnose and resolve some ofthe common problems that can occur when installing, configuring, or runningSunFDDI/P. Table 5-1 Problems Installing SunFDDI/P Problem Action The SunFDDI/P softwa...
Page 70 - Running the Hardware Self-Test Program; To Run the Hardware Self-Test
44 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 5 Running the Hardware Self-Test Program If you suspect that there may be a problem with the SunFDDI/P adapter card,you can use the built-in hardware self-test to check the state of its primarycomponents and the connection to the network. ▼ To Run the H...
Page 71 - Loading the Device Driver Manually; To Configure and Load the Device Driver; to inform the system about the new drivers.
Troubleshooting and Diagnostics 45 5 Loading the Device Driver Manually Normally, the SunFDDI/P device driver is loaded and configured by thepost-installation script, which is launched automatically when the software isinstalled. If you encounter problems when running this script, or if you wantto c...
Page 72 - Create a file called
46 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 5 b. Look in the /dev directory for links to these entries: 5. Create a file called /etc/hostname.pf <inst> for each SunFDDI/P IP interface that you configure.Each file must contain the host name assigned to the IP interface. These filesare used t...
Page 75 - FDDI Network Architecture
49 FDDI Network Architecture 6 This chapter provides a brief introduction to the Fiber Distributed DataInterface (FDDI), and the network architecture described by the followingspecifications: • ANSI/FDDI Physical Media Dependent (PMD) X3.166-1990 • ANSI/FDDI Physical Layer (PHY) X3.148-1988 • ANSI/F...
Page 78 - TTRT
52 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 6 Media Access Control (MAC) Layer The Media Access Control layer specifies the access mechanism used totransmit and receive data on the FDDI network. It packages digital data inframes. The MAC layer specifies three classes of digital data traffic: • Sy...
Page 79 - CMT; Communication Between FDDI Layers; PHY
FDDI Network Architecture 53 6 At its lowest level, the SMT protocol handles connection management ( CMT ). This includes station initialization, the insertion and removal of stations on thenetwork, and connection compatibility between stations. At a higher level, theSMT protocol handles ring manage...
Page 82 - FDDI Stations
56 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 6 FDDI Stations An FDDI station is any device that can be attached to a fiber or copper twisted-pair FDDI network through an FDDI interface. The FDDI protocols define twotypes of FDDI stations: • Single-attached station (SAS) • Dual-attached station (DA...
Page 83 - Pout
FDDI Network Architecture 57 6 Dual-Attached Station (DAS) A dual-attached station (DAS) is attached to the FDDI network through twoconnectors called the A-port and the B-port, respectively. The A-port has aprimary input (Pin) and a secondary output (Sout); the B-port has a primaryoutput ( Pout ) an...
Page 84 - FDDI Concentrators; The FDDI protocols define two types of concentrators:
58 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 6 FDDI Concentrators FDDI concentrators are multiplexers that attach multiple single-attachedstations to the FDDI ring. An FDDI concentrator is analogous to an Ethernethub. The FDDI protocols define two types of concentrators: • Single-attached concentr...
Page 86 - FDDI Failure Recovery; Station Wrapping
60 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 6 FDDI Failure Recovery One of the primary advantages of FDDI is its ability to recover reliably fromfailures in stations and cables. The failure mechanism is implemented andcontrolled by the Station Management (SMT) entity described in the section“Stat...
Page 88 - Optical Bypass Switches
62 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 6 Figure 6-10 Dual-Attached Station in Wrap Mode Optical Bypass Switches Station wrapping provides effective network recovery in the event of a singlestation or cable failure. However, two or more failures in the ring will isolateportions of the network...
Page 91 - FDDI Ring Operation; Two types of traffic are allocated bandwidth on an FDDI ring:; Unrestricted Asynchronous Transmission; MAC
FDDI Network Architecture 65 6 FDDI Ring Operation Two types of traffic are allocated bandwidth on an FDDI ring: • Asynchronous traffic (unrestricted and restricted)The unrestricted asynchronous service allocates bandwidth dynamicallybased on the timed token rotation protocol, and according to the p...
Page 92 - ) each time the token is received. If the; FDDI Performance; Among the factors that affect FDDI network performance are:
66 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 6 The maximum time for which a station can hold the permission token, andtherefore the time for which a station can transmit on the ring, is determinedby these two station timers that work together to maintain the target tokenrotation time (TTRT), irres...
Page 93 - Network load
FDDI Network Architecture 67 6 • Network load • Network efficiency • Processor speed (on the FDDI stations) • Bus architecture There are a number of ways of improving the overall performance of thenetwork, some of which are discussed in Chapter 4, “Improving NetworkPerformance.” However, the majorit...
Page 95 - FDDI Network Topologies; Cost
69 FDDI Network Topologies 7 FDDI networks can be arranged in a variety of ways, depending on theplacement of stations (SAS and DAS) and the use of concentrators (SAC andDAC). The optimum arrangement for a particular installation is dependent onseveral factors, including: • Cost • Network size • Req...
Page 96 - Advantages
70 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 7 Basic Dual-Ring Network The dual ring (or dual, counter-rotating ring) is one of the simplest FDDInetwork topologies. It clearly illustrates the distinctive ring architecture mostcommonly associated with the FDDI standards, as shown in Figure 7-1. Eac...
Page 97 - Disadvantages
FDDI Network Topologies 71 7 When a ring fails, the primary ring is wrapped automatically on either side ofthe fault so that the primary and secondary rings are combined to form asingle, one-way ring. This mechanism is described in more detail in “FDDIFailure Recovery” on page 60. A dual-ring networ...
Page 100 - Concentrators with Dual-Homing
74 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 7 Concentrators with Dual-Homing Figure 7-3 shows two dual-attached stations connected to two dual-attachedconcentrators in a dual-homing configuration. In this case, each dual-attachedstation is connected to both DACs. This topology is typically used f...
Page 101 - Tree of Concentrators
FDDI Network Topologies 75 7 Advantages Dual-homing offers the same advantages as a standalone concentrator,described on page 72. It also offers improved resistance against cable faults andconcentrator failure. Disadvantages The number of stations that can be attached to the concentrator is limited ...
Page 105 - Mixed FDDI/Ethernet Networks; FDDI/Ethernet IP Router
FDDI Network Topologies 79 7 Mixed FDDI/Ethernet Networks This section concentrates on the implementation of mixed FDDI/Ethernetnetworks. The same principles could be applied to mixed FDDI/802.3 andmixed FDDI/802.5 (Token Ring) networks. FDDI and Token Ring networks arebased on a ring topology; Ethe...
Page 106 - A Tree of Concentrators in an Ethernet Network
80 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 7 Figure 7-7 Basic Mixed FDDI/Ethernet Topology A Tree of Concentrators in an Ethernet Network A tree of concentrators of the type described on page 77 is attached to anEthernet network by connecting your system to the root concentrator as shownin Figur...
Page 107 - A Ring of Trees in an Ethernet Network; Routes in Mixed FDDI/Ethernet Networks
FDDI Network Topologies 81 7 A Ring of Trees in an Ethernet Network A ring of trees of the type described on page 77 is attached to an Ethernetnetwork by connecting your system to one of the concentrators in the maindistribution frame, as shown in Figure 7-9. Figure 7-9 Ring of Trees Attached to an ...
Page 109 - gated
FDDI Network Topologies 83 7 To avoid this situation, set up a static route that forces the traffic between jilland judy to pass over the FDDI link; however, static routing is notrecommended in a network beyond a few nodes in size. For efficient IP routingin large FDDI/Ethernet networks, use a routi...
Page 111 - This chapter describes the network utilities of SunFDDI/P.
85 Using the SunFDDINetwork Utilities 8 This chapter describes the network utilities of SunFDDI/P. Throughout this chapter, it is assumed that you have installed the SunFDDI/Psoftware under the default base directory <basedir> for your operating system: The default base directory <basedir&g...
Page 112 - To Change the Default MAC Address with; utility to recover the MAC address from the
86 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 8 Changing the Default MAC Address (pf_macid) Each attachment to an FDDI network is identified by a unique 48-bit MAC address. By default, the first SunFDDI/P card takes the host-resident MAC address, which is stored in nonvolatile memory (NVRAM) on the...
Page 113 - file to add the following; statement immediately after the; command that initializes; Displaying SunFDDI/P Statistics; the total number of interrogations
Using the SunFDDI Network Utilities 87 8 a. Edit the /etc/rcS.d/S30rootusr.sh file to add the following if statement immediately after the ifconfig command that initializes the interface pf <inst>. If you are changing the MAC address of more than one interface, addone if statement for each int...
Page 114 - Displaying Local Interface Statistics
88 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 8 The pf_stat utility displays information using column headings that conform to SMT revision 7.3, which differ from SMT revision 5.1 and 4.2 headings in thefollowing cases: • The ECM heading corresponds to the 5.1 MIM heading. • The RMT heading does no...
Page 115 - Interpreting Local Statistics; Ring
Using the SunFDDI Network Utilities 89 8 Interpreting Local Statistics Running the pf_stat utility without the —m option displays information about the various SMT state machines and the network to which the local station isattached: Ring (Ring Status) The Ring status shows the current state of the ...
Page 116 - RMT
90 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 8 Table 8-1 lists the states that may be returned by pf_stat under the ECM heading. RMT (Ring Management) RMT shows the current state of the Ring Management state machine, which controls the following features and facilities: • MAC availability • Detect...
Page 117 - PCM
Using the SunFDDI Network Utilities 91 8 PCM (Physical Connection Management) PCM shows the current state of the Physical Connection Management state machine that controls the following features and facilities: • Connection initialization • Maintenance support This heading is modified to indicate th...
Page 118 - shows the number of; XmitP; Running
92 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 8 The normal sequence of PCM states leading to a fully synchronized connectionand incorporation of the port into the token path is shown in Figure 8-1. Notethat the minimum interval between interrogations is one second and that thisis not always fast en...
Page 119 - RecvP; without an interval and count displays the total number of; Example Local Statistics
Using the SunFDDI Network Utilities 93 8 RecvP (Receive Packets) Running pf_stat without an interval and count displays the total number of packets received since the interface was activated. Running pf_stat with an interval and count displays the number of packets received since the lastinterrogati...
Page 120 - Displaying Statistics from Neighboring Stations
94 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 8 • The minimum interval of one second is not fast enough to recover anddisplay the complete sequence of PCM states during the path re-establishment phase. • A Ring_OP signal is received when the path is re-established indicating that the ring is operat...
Page 121 - Interpreting Statistics from Neighboring Stations
Using the SunFDDI Network Utilities 95 8 Interpreting Statistics from Neighboring Stations Running the pf_stat utility with the —m option displays information about the neighboring stations attached to the local interface pf <inst>. Phy (Physical Connection) PHY shows the type of physical conn...
Page 123 - Example Neighbor Statistics; Note the following observations regarding this example:
Using the SunFDDI Network Utilities 97 8 Example Neighbor Statistics The following output was recovered from a single-attached station using thecommand shown. A temporary fault condition was simulated by disconnectingthe FDDI cable from the SunFDDI/P card and then reconnecting it. Note the following...
Page 124 - Monitoring SMT Frames
98 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 8 Monitoring SMT Frames (pf_smtmon) The pf_smtmon(1M) utility is an active monitor that displays the SMT frames received by the local station. It is particularly useful for diagnosingcommunication problems with the SunNet Manager proxy agent. This comma...
Page 125 - To display the SMT frames received by interface
Using the SunFDDI Network Utilities 99 8 ♦ To display the SMT frames received by interface pf1 in hexadecimal format, type: # <basedir> /pf_smtmon -i pf1 —x pf1: nif_request v=0x1 t=0x170 s=10-0-4-8-24-5c i=0x28 004DC000 0000004F FFFFFFFF FFFF1000 0408245C 01020001 00000170 00001000 0408245C 0...
Page 126 - SMT Frame Classes and Types
100 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 8 SMT Frame Classes and Types SMT frames are used for peer-to-peer (station-to-station) management. Theyare divided into classes, which define the function of the frame. Each class isthen divided into up to three types, which define whether the frame i...
Page 127 - Filtering Output from; To display only the RDF frames received by interface
Using the SunFDDI Network Utilities 101 8 ESF (Extended Service Frame) These frames are implementation dependent. An ESF frame can be an announcement, a request, or a response. PMF (Parameter Management Frame) These frames are used to access remote station attributes. The ParameterManagement Protoco...
Page 130 - Installing the SunNet Manager Agents; Two SunNet Manager agents are provided for SunFDDI/P.; To Install the Standard SNM Agents on a Client; to install the agents in a local directory.
104 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 9 Installing the SunNet Manager Agents You must install a SunNet Manager console (or management application) onyour network before installing and configuring the SunNet Manager agents forSunFDDI/P. Two SunNet Manager agents are provided for SunFDDI/P. ...
Page 131 - To Install the FDDI Schemas on a Client; getagents
Managing FDDI Stations Using SunNet Manager 105 9 ▼ To Install the FDDI Schemas on a Client Use pf_install_agents to install the SunNet Manager agents for SunFDDI/P. This script copies the FDDI schema files to the directory in whichthe standard agents are installed and updates the configuration file...
Page 132 - SUNWpf; in response to the question, “Do you want to start the; Installing the FDDI Schemas on the Console; locally. See “To Install the FDDI Schemas on a Client”
106 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 9 5. Specify the current location of the SunFDDI/P schemas. This is the base directory under which you installed the SunFDDI/Psoftware package ( SUNWpf ) using pkgadd(1M) . The SunFDDI/P schemas are copied to the destination directory and thelocal conf...
Page 133 - On the client machine, ensure that the NFS and mount daemons are; The SunFDDI/P schemas are located in the directory
Managing FDDI Stations Using SunNet Manager 107 9 ▼ To Share pf_install_agents From a Client 1. On the client machine, ensure that the NFS and mount daemons are running: 2. On the client machine, share the /opt directory under which you installed SunFDDI/P. 3. On the console machine, NFS mount the /...
Page 135 - Managing FDDI Networks with SunNet Manager; To Set Up the SunNet Manager Console; Start the SunNet Manager console, and initialize the runtime; le
Managing FDDI Stations Using SunNet Manager 109 9 Managing FDDI Networks with SunNet Manager For detailed information on how to use SunNet Manager to manage thevarious components of your network, refer to the SunNet Manager User’s Guide. The SunNet Manager agents for SunFDDI/P are used to recover FD...
Page 136 - Using the SunFDDI/P Local Agent; ) responds to SNM requests from the; To Gather Local Station Statistics; Click SELECT on the icon for the FDDI station that you want to
110 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 9 Using the SunFDDI/P Local Agent (pf_fddi) The SunFDDI/P local agent ( pf_fddi ) responds to SNM requests from the console and returns statistics gathered on the client machine. These statisticsare similar to those returned by pf_stat(1M) . See “Displ...
Page 137 - To Gather Neighbor Station Statistics; route; To Request Information from the Local Agent; utility and specifying an
Managing FDDI Stations Using SunNet Manager 111 9 ▼ To Gather Neighbor Station Statistics Use the SunFDDI/P local agent to recover a snapshot of the current state of theneighboring FDDI stations: 1. Click SELECT on the icon for the FDDI station that you want to interrogate. 2. Press MENU on the Requ...
Page 138 - ) responds to SNM requests; To Specify the Target Station; in the properties window for the proxy station.
112 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 9 ▼ To Use the SunFDDI/P Proxy Agent ( pf_fddismt7_2 ) The SunFDDI/P proxy agent ( pf_fddismt7_2 ) responds to SNM requests from the console and issues SMT Request Frames (SRF) to a specified targetstation. It then returns the information received from...
Page 139 - To Gather Information from the Proxy Agent; Press MENU on the Requests menu button and release MENU on the
Managing FDDI Stations Using SunNet Manager 113 9 ▼ To Gather Information from the Proxy Agent Use the SunFDDI/P proxy agent to recover SMT information from one of theneighboring FDDI stations: 1. Click SELECT on the icon for the FDDI proxy station that you want to interrogate. 2. Press MENU on the ...
Page 140 - Interpreting Traps and Errors; script to install the agents on the client machine. See “To
114 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 9 Interpreting Traps and Errors One of the most important functions of the SunNet Manager agent forSunFDDI/P is to signal the occurrence of faults or errors on the network.Traps are sent to the consoles that you specified when you ran the pf_install_ag...
Page 143 - MAC Address Formats; The MAC address can be represented in one of two formats:
Managing FDDI Stations Using SunNet Manager 117 9 MAC Address Formats The MAC address can be represented in one of two formats: • Canonical format • Ring format The MAC address is always displayed in canonical format by the SunFDDI/Pnetwork utilities and hardware self-test program. It is also displa...
Page 146 - The DLPI header file is
120 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 10 Developing Applications with DLPI The Data Link Provider Interface (DLPI) version 2 enables any data link user toaccess the services of a data link provider without any special knowledgeabout the underlying protocols. In addition to FDDI services, D...
Page 147 - DLPI Connectionless Service Primitives
Developing Applications that Run over SunFDDI/P 121 10 DLPI primitives are defined in terms of STREAMS messages. All DLPImessages are either type M_PROTO or type M_PCPROTO and contain the appropriate DLPI message structure. DPLI primitives are exchanged byconfirmed negotiation—request primitives are...
Page 148 - DLPI Addressing; Information returned by the
122 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 10 DLPI Addressing DLPI addressing is implemented as a DLSAP (data link service access point)address. Each DLSAP consists of a physical address plus a service access point(SAP). The format of the DLSAP is provider-dependent. Figure 10-3 shows thegenera...
Page 149 - Note that the value
Developing Applications that Run over SunFDDI/P 123 10 Note that the value dl_sap_length is set to minus 2, which indicates that the SAP is 2 bytes beyond the physical address. dl_qos_offset 0 Not supported dl_range_length 0 Not supported dl_range_offset 0 Not supported dl_provider_style DL_STYLE2 C...
Page 152 - The figure in the
126 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 11 Setting Up a Server and Diskless Clients When you set up a Solaris 2.5.1 Hardware: 4/97 server so that it can export itsoperating system, you need to know the number of diskless clients that it willserve. This tells you the amount of disk space you ...
Page 153 - To Set Up a Server; Check that you have sufficient space in the; To Introduce Diskless Clients to a Server; Log in as a member of the
Setting Up Servers and Diskless Clients 127 11 ▼ To Set Up a Server Follow these steps to set up a server to boot diskless clients across an FDDIconnection: 1. Install and configure the relevant SunOS operating system on the server so that it can be exported.See the Solaris System Configuration and ...
Page 154 - the server to display list of available hosts.; and
128 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 11 3. Click SELECT on the Host Manager icon to display the Select Naming Service window. 4. Click SELECT on the button corresponding to the naming service used by the server to display list of available hosts. • If the server is running NIS+, click SEL...
Page 155 - Click SELECT on Apply to display the Host Manager window.
Setting Up Servers and Diskless Clients 129 11 5. Click SELECT on Apply to display the Host Manager window. 6. Press MENU on the Edit menu button and choose the Add Host... item to activate the Add Host window.
Page 156 - Press MENU on the Client Type menu button, drag and release MENU to
130 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 11 7. Press MENU on the Client Type menu button, drag and release MENU to display the defaults for diskless clients. 8. Enter the host name, IP address, and Ethernet address of the diskless client.This information uniquely identifies the diskless clien...
Page 157 - swap
Setting Up Servers and Diskless Clients 131 11 11. Specify the root and swap paths. By default, these paths are set to /export/root and /export/swap . If you change these paths, you must ensure that you have sufficient disk spacein the file systems you specify. 12. Specify the size of the swap space...
Page 158 - To Update the NIS Server; admintool
132 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 11 ▼ To Update the NIS Server If you are running NIS, you must update the NIS map on the NIS servermanually. If you are running NIS+ or you are not using a naming service,proceed to “Installing the SunFDDI/P Driver for a Diskless Client” onpage 133. 1....
Page 159 - Installing the SunFDDI/P Driver for a Diskless Client; After you have created the export file systems under; To Install on a Client; to install the Solaris 2.5.1 version of SunFDDI/P so that it is; Booting a Diskless Client Over SunFDDI/P; To Boot a Diskless Client; Check that the server is running and that its FDDI interface is up.
Setting Up Servers and Diskless Clients 133 11 Installing the SunFDDI/P Driver for a Diskless Client After you have created the export file systems under /export/root /<client> and /export/swap /<client> on the server, you must install the SunFDDI/P device driver for the diskless client....
Page 160 - command to get a list of possible; A listing similar to the following example will be displayed:; then press CTL-y to paste your selection.
134 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 11 3. At the boot prompt, type the show-nets command to get a list of possible interfaces. A listing similar to the following example will be displayed: 4. Type the letter of your selection. Your selection will not appear on the screen. It will be copi...
Page 163 - Why do I get the error message “; duplicate address; ” or “; duplicate
Frequently Asked Questions About SunFDDI 137 A • Why do I get the error message “ duplicate address ” or “ duplicate macid ”? By default, the first SunFDDI/P interface installed in the machine adoptsthe host-resident MAC address stored on the motherboard. Each subsequent SunFDDI/P interface takes th...
Page 164 - file. Normally, this file contains the host name assigned to
138 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 A To disable the Ethernet interface so that it is not reconfigured when youreboot the machine, change the name of the /etc/hostname.le <inst> file. • How do I use the host name assigned to the SunFDDI/P interface as theprimary host name for my ma...
Page 165 - Add more nodes between the stations to act as repeaters.
Frequently Asked Questions About SunFDDI 139 A • Does SunFDDI/P Dual incorporate an optical bypass?No. You must order an optical bypass switch from a third-party vendor. • Why does my optical bypass switch not work when I plug it in?Optical bypass switches require a power cycle to be initialized. Pl...
Page 167 - Glossary; ARP
141 Glossary This glossary defines FDDI-related acronyms, abbreviations, and terms. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol). A protocol used within local networks thatsupport broadcast (such as Ethernet or FDDI) that binds IP addresses to MACaddresses. View the current contents of a Sun machine’s ARP tabl...
Page 168 - is represented as
142 SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide—May 1997 CMT (connection management). The portion of the FDDI SMT that manages theoperation of physical layer insertion and removal, and the logical connection ofPHY entities to the MAC entities. DAS (dual attachment station). An FDDI station that connects to b...
Page 171 - TRT
Glossary 145 TRT (Token Rotation Timer). A timer in the FDDI MAC protocol that measures thetime between receipt of tokens. It expires when it reaches a value that exceedsthe Target Token Rotation Time (TTRT). TTRT (Target Token Rotation Time). A parameter in the FDDI MAC protocol that isnegotiated b...
Page 173 - Index; Symbols
147 Index Symbols //www.sun.com, xxiv /cdrom/sun_fddip_1_0 directory, 13 /etc/hosts file, 15, 22 /etc/rc2.d directory, 21 /etc/system file, 30 Numerics 802.3 networks, 79802.5 networks, 79 A access delay, 24, 26 add_drv command, 39 aggregate attenuation, 63ANSI/FDDI standards, 50A-ports, 57asynchron...
Page 181 - Reader Comment Card
Reader Comment Card Your comments and suggestions are important to us. Please let us know whatyou think about the SunFDDI/P 1.0 Adapter User’s Guide, part number802-6674-10. 1. Were the procedures well documented? Yes ❑ No ❑ Please explain: 2. Were the tasks easy to follow? Yes ❑ No ❑ Please explain...