Page 3 - Important Information
Important Information Warranty The PCI-4451/4452 is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment, as evidenced by receipts or other documentation. National Instruments will, at its option, repair or replace equipment that proves to be defe...
Page 4 - Contents; About This Manual
© National Instruments Corporation v PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Contents About This Manual Organization of This Manual ......................................................................................... ixConventions Used in This Manual..............................................................
Page 6 - Glossary
Contents © National Instruments Corporation vii PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Chapter 5Calibration Loading Calibration Constants ...................................................................................... 5-1Self-Calibration .......................................................................
Page 7 - Figures
Contents PCI-4451/4452 User Manual viii © National Instruments Corporation Figures Figure 3-1. Digital Function Block Diagram ........................................................... 3-1 Figure 3-2. Analog Function Block Diagram .......................................................... 3-2 Figur...
Page 8 - Organization of This Manual
© National Instruments Corporation ix PCI-4451/4452 User Manual About This Manual This manual describes the electrical and mechanical aspects of the PCI-4451 and PCI-4452 devices and contains information concerning their operation. Unless otherwise noted, the text applies to both devices. The PCI-44...
Page 9 - Conventions Used in This Manual
About This Manual PCI-4451/4452 User Manual x © National Instruments Corporation • The Glossary contains an alphabetical list and description of terms used in this manual, including abbreviations, acronyms, metric prefixes, mnemonics, and symbols. • The Index contains an alphabetical list of key ter...
Page 10 - National Instruments Documentation; Customer Communication
About This Manual © National Instruments Corporation xi PCI-4451/4452 User Manual National Instruments Documentation The PCI-4451/4452 User Manual is one piece of the documentation set for your DAQ system. You could have any of several types of manuals depending on the hardware and software in your ...
Page 11 - Introduction
© National Instruments Corporation 1-1 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 1 Introduction This chapter describes the PCI-4451 and PCI-4452 devices, lists what you need to get started, explains how to unpack your devices, and describes the optional software and optional equipment. The PCI-4451/4452 are high-pe...
Page 12 - What You Need to Get Started; Unpacking
Chapter 1 Introduction PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 1-2 © National Instruments Corporation What You Need to Get Started To set up and use your PCI-4451 or PCI-4452, you will need the following: ❑ One of the following devices: PCI-4451PCI-4452 ❑ PCI-4451/4452 Series User Manual ❑ You may have one or mor...
Page 13 - Software Programming Choices; National Instruments Application Software
Chapter 1 Introduction © National Instruments Corporation 1-3 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Software Programming Choices There are several options to choose from to program and use your National Instruments device. You can use LabVIEW for Windows, LabWindows/CVI for Windows, VirtualBench-DSA, ComponentW...
Page 14 - Optional Equipment; Custom Cabling
Chapter 1 Introduction PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 1-4 © National Instruments Corporation application you can use to make measurements as you would with a standard dynamic analyzer. ComponentWorks contains tools for data acquisition and instrument control built on NI-DAQ driver software. ComponentWork...
Page 16 - Installation and Configuration; Software Installation; Hardware Installation
© National Instruments Corporation 2-1 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 2 Installation and Configuration This chapter explains how to install and configure your PCI-4451/4452 device. Software Installation Note Install your software before you install your PCI-4451/4452 device. If you are using NI-DAQ, refe...
Page 17 - Device Configuration
Chapter 2 Installation and Configuration PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 2-2 © National Instruments Corporation 7. Check the installation. 8. Replace the cover. 9. Plug in and turn on your computer. The PCI-4451/4452 device is now installed. You are now ready to configure your software. Device Configurati...
Page 18 - Hardware Overview
© National Instruments Corporation 3-1 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 3 Hardware Overview This chapter presents an overview of the hardware functions on your PCI-4451/4452 device. Figure 3-1 shows a block diagram of the digital functions. Figure 3-2 shows a block diagram of the analog functions. The two ...
Page 20 - Analog Input; Input Mode
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview © National Instruments Corporation 3-3 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Analog Input The analog input section of each PCI-4451/4452 device is software configurable. You can select different analog input configurations through application software. The following sections describe...
Page 21 - Considerations for Selecting Input Ranges
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 3-4 © National Instruments Corporation All data read from the ADC is interpreted as two’s complement format. In two’s complement mode, digital data values read from the analog input channel are either positive or negative. Considerations for Sele...
Page 22 - Analog Output; Output Mode
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview © National Instruments Corporation 3-5 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Caution If you exceed the rated input voltages, you can damage the computer and the connected equipment. Analog Output The analog output section of the PCI-4451 device is software-configurable. You can selec...
Page 23 - Trigger
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 3-6 © National Instruments Corporation Note The device boots in a mode with the outputs disabled AND infinitely ( ∞ ) attenuated. Although these functions appear similar, they are quite distinct and are implemented to protect your external equipm...
Page 26 - RTSI Triggers
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview © National Instruments Corporation 3-9 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual In low-hysteresis triggering mode, the trigger is generated when the signal value is less than lowValue, with the hysteresis specified by highValue. Figure 3-7. Low-Hysteresis Triggering Mode You can use dig...
Page 28 - Timing Signal Routing; Programmable Function Inputs; Device and RTSI Clocks
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview © National Instruments Corporation 3-11 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Timing Signal Routing The DAQ-STC provides a flexible interface for connecting timing signals to other devices or to external circuitry. Your PCI-4451/4452 device uses the RTSI bus to interconnect timing si...
Page 30 - Device Configuration Issues
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview © National Instruments Corporation 3-13 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Device Configuration Issues Selecting a sample rate that is less than two times the frequency of a band of interest can lead you to believe the board is functioning improperly. By undersampling the signal, ...
Page 31 - Signal Connections
© National Instruments Corporation 4-1 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4 Signal Connections This chapter describes how to make input and output connections to your PCI-4451/4452 device via the analog I/O and digital I/O connectors of the device. The analog I/O connector for the PCI-4451/4452 connects to t...
Page 32 - Analog I/O Connector Signal Descriptions
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-2 © National Instruments Corporation Analog I/O Connector Signal Descriptions Figure 4-1 shows the analog pin connections for the PCI-4451/4452. Figure 4-1. Analog Pin Connections GND +5 V NC NC NC NC NC -DAC1 OUT NC -DAC0 OUT NC NC NC NC NC N...
Page 35 - Digital I/O Connector Signal Descriptions
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © National Instruments Corporation 4-5 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Digital I/O Connector Signal Descriptions Figure 4-2 shows the digital pin connections for the PCI-4451/4452. Figure 4-2. Digital Pin Connections Refer to Appendix B, Pin Connections , for the digital pin c...
Page 39 - Analog Input Signal Connections
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © National Instruments Corporation 4-9 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Analog Input Signal Connections The analog input signals for the PCI-4451/4452 devices are +ACH<0..3>, − ACH<0..3>, and AIGND. The +ACH<0..1> signals are tied to the two analog input chann...
Page 40 - Types of Signal Sources; Floating Signal Sources
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-10 © National Instruments Corporation amplifier output voltage is referenced to the ground for the device. Your PCI-4451/4452 device A/D converter (ADC) measures this output voltage when it performs A/D conversions. Connection of analog input ...
Page 41 - Analog Output Signal Connections
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © National Instruments Corporation 4-11 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Analog Output Signal Connections The analog output signals for the PCI-4451 device are +DAC0OUT, − DAC0OUT, +DAC1OUT, -DAC1OUT, and AOGND. +DAC0OUT and − DAC0OUT are the plus and minus voltage output signa...
Page 42 - Analog Power Connections; Digital I/O Signal Connections
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-12 © National Instruments Corporation terminals is still equal to the desired signal. If the minus side is grounded, the plus voltage is equal to the signal. Conversely, if the plus side is grounded, the minus voltage is equal to the negative ...
Page 44 - Digital Power Connections; Timing Connections; Programmable Function Input Connections
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-14 © National Instruments Corporation Digital Power Connections Four pins on the digital I/O connector supply +5 V from the computer power supply via a self-resetting fuse. The fuse will reset automatically within a few seconds after the overc...
Page 45 - Acquisition Timing Connections
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © National Instruments Corporation 4-15 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual As an input, you can individually configure each PFI for edge or level detection and for polarity selection as well. You can use the polarity selection for any of the timing signals, but the edge or level ...
Page 48 - Waveform Generation Timing Connections; WFTRIG Signal
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-18 © National Instruments Corporation EXTSTROBE* Signal EXTSTROBE* is an output-only signal that generates either a single pulse or a sequence of eight pulses in the hardware-strobe mode. An external device can use this signal to latch signals...
Page 49 - General-Purpose Timing Signal Connections
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © National Instruments Corporation 4-19 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual General-Purpose Timing Signal Connections The general-purpose timing signals are GPCTR0_SOURCE, GPCTR0_GATE, GPCTR0_OUT, GPCTR0_UP_DOWN, GPCTR1_SOURCE, GPCTR1_GATE, GPCTR1_OUT, GPCTR1_UP_DOWN, and FREQ_OUT...
Page 54 - Field Wiring Considerations
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 4-24 © National Instruments Corporation The OUT output timing parameters are referenced to the signal at the SOURCE input or to one of the internally generated clock signals on the PCI-4451/4452 devices. Figure 4-13 shows the OUT signal referenc...
Page 56 - Calibration; Loading Calibration Constants
© National Instruments Corporation 5-1 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 5 Calibration This chapter discusses the calibration procedures for your PCI-4451/4452 device. Your PCI-4451/4452 is shipped with a calibration certificate. The traceability information is stored in National Instruments corporate datab...
Page 57 - External Calibration
Chapter 5 Calibration PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 5-2 © National Instruments Corporation not very accurate because it does not take into account the fact that the device measurement and output voltage errors can vary with time and temperature. It is better to self-calibrate when you install the device...
Page 58 - Traceable Recalibration
Chapter 5 Calibration © National Instruments Corporation 5-3 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual you can save the results in the EEPROM, so you should not have to perform an external calibration very often. You can externally calibrate your device by calling the NI-DAQ calibration function. To externally cali...
Page 59 - Functional Overview; Analog Input Circuitry
© National Instruments Corporation 6-1 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 6 Theory of Analog Operation This chapter contains a functional overview and explains the operation of each analog functional unit making up the PCI-4451/4452. Functional Overview See Figure 3-2, Analog Function Block Diagram , for a g...
Page 60 - Input Coupling
Chapter 6 Theory of Analog Operation PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 6-2 © National Instruments Corporation The 90 dB dynamic range of the PCI-4451/4452 devices is the result of low noise and distortion and makes possible high-accuracy measurements. The devices have excellent amplitude flatness of ±0.1 dB...
Page 61 - Antialias Filtering
Chapter 6 Theory of Analog Operation © National Instruments Corporation 6-3 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Antialias Filtering A sampling system (such as an ADC) can represent signals of only limited bandwidth. Specifically, a sampling rate of Fs can only represent signals with a maximum frequency of Fs/...
Page 66 - The ADC
Chapter 6 Theory of Analog Operation PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 6-8 © National Instruments Corporation Figure 6-4. Comparison of a Clipped Signal to a Proper Signal An overrange can occur on the analog signal as well as on the digitized signal. Furthermore, an analog overrange can occur independently...
Page 67 - Noise
Chapter 6 Theory of Analog Operation © National Instruments Corporation 6-9 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual The resulting output of the filter is a band-limited signal with a dynamic range of over 90 dB. One of the advantages of a delta-sigma ADC is that it uses a 1-bit DAC as an internal reference, where...
Page 68 - Analog Output Circuitry
Chapter 6 Theory of Analog Operation PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 6-10 © National Instruments Corporation Analog Output Circuitry The PCI-4451 has two analog output channels, either of which is illustrated in Figure 4-4, Analog Output Channel Block Diagram . A common application for the analog output i...
Page 70 - The DAC
Chapter 6 Theory of Analog Operation PCI-4451/4452 User Manual 6-12 © National Instruments Corporation The DAC The 64-times oversampling delta-sigma DACs on the PCI-4451 work in the same way as delta-sigma ADCs, only in reverse. The digital data first passes through a digital lowpass filter and then...
Page 71 - Mute Feature
Chapter 6 Theory of Analog Operation © National Instruments Corporation 6-13 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Mute Feature The two-channel DAC chip on the PCI-4451 goes into mute mode if the chip receives at least 4,096 consecutive zero values on both channels at once. In mute mode, the outputs clamp to gr...
Page 73 - Transfer Characteristics
Appendix A Specifications PCI-4451/4452 User Manual A-2 © National Instruments Corporation FIFO buffer size......................................512 samples Data transfers ..........................................DMA, programmed I/O, interrupt Transfer Characteristics INL (relative accuracy) .........
Page 74 - Amplifier Characteristics
Appendix A Specifications © National Instruments Corporation A-3 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Amplifier Characteristics Input impedance ..................................... 1 M Ω in parallel with 50 pF (+ and − each to AIGND) Frequency response Gain 0, +10, +20, +30, +40 dB ................ ±0.1 dB, 0...
Page 75 - Dynamic Characteristics
Appendix A Specifications PCI-4451/4452 User Manual A-4 © National Instruments Corporation Figure A-1. Idle Channel Noise (Typical) Input noise spectral density ....................8 nV/ (achievable only at Gain = +50 dB or +60 dB) Dynamic Characteristics Alias-free bandwidth ..........................
Page 76 - Onboard Calibration Reference
Appendix A Specifications © National Instruments Corporation A-5 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Phase linearity ........................................ ±1°, Gain ≥ 0 dB, ±2°, Gain < 0 dB Interchannel phase.................................. ±1°, Gain ≥ 0 dB, ±2°, Gain < 0 dB(same configuration all ...
Page 77 - Voltage Output Characteristics
Appendix A Specifications PCI-4451/4452 User Manual A-6 © National Instruments Corporation Output signal range, software-selectable FIFO buffer size......................................512 samples Data transfers ..........................................DMA, programmed I/O, Interrupt Transfer Chara...
Page 80 - Triggers; Digital Trigger
Appendix A Specifications © National Instruments Corporation A-9 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual DMA modes ........................................... Scatter gather Triggers Analog Trigger Source PCI-4451 ......................................... ACH<0..1> PCI-4452 ....................................
Page 81 - Physical
Appendix A Specifications PCI-4451/4452 User Manual A-10 © National Instruments Corporation Available power ......................................+4.65 to +5.25 VDC at 0.5 A(analog I/O connector) Available power ......................................+4.65 to +5.25 VDC at 1.0 A(digital I/O connector)...
Page 82 - Pin Connections
© National Instruments Corporation B-1 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual B Pin Connections This appendix describes the pin connections on the optional 68-pin digital accessories for the PCI-4451 and PCI-4452 devices. User.book Page 1 Tuesday, April 14, 1998 10:20 AM
Page 84 - Electronic Services; Bulletin Board Support
© National Instruments Corporation C-1 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual C Customer Communication For your convenience, this appendix contains forms to help you gather the information necessary to help us solve your technical problems and a form you can use to comment on the product documentation. When you ...
Page 85 - Telephone and Fax Support; Country
PCI-4451/4452 User Manual C-2 © National Instruments Corporation Fax-on-Demand Support Fax-on-Demand is a 24-hour information retrieval system containing a library of documents on a wide range of technical information. You can access Fax-on-Demand from a touch-tone telephone at 512 418 1111. E-Mail ...
Page 86 - Technical Support Form
Technical Support Form Photocopy this form and update it each time you make changes to your software or hardware, and use the completed copy of this form as a reference for your current configuration. Completing this form accurately before contacting National Instruments for technical support helps ...
Page 87 - National Instruments Products
PCI-4451/4452 Hardware and Software Configuration Form Record the settings and revisions of your hardware and software on the line to the right of each item. Complete a new copy of this form each time you revise your software or hardware configuration, and use this form as a reference for your curre...
Page 88 - Documentation Comment Form
Documentation Comment Form National Instruments encourages you to comment on the documentation supplied with our products. This information helps us provide quality products to meet your needs. Title: PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Edition Date: April 1998 Part Number: 321891A-01 Please comment on the co...
Page 108 - Index; Numbers
© National Instruments Corporation I-1 PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Index Numbers +5 V signal analog I/O pin assignments (table), 4-3analog I/O signal summary (table), 4-4analog power connections, 4-12digital I/O pin assignments (table), 4-6digital I/O signal summary (table), 4-8digital power connectio...
