MSI MS-9282- Manuals

Page 3 - Operation; CPU reset

mid-1990s, it became typical for the BIOS ROM to include a "BIOS configuration utility" or "BIOSsetup utility", accessed at system power-up by a particular key sequence. This program allowed theuser to set system configuration options, of the type formerly set using DIP switches, thr...

Page 4 - Search for option ROM modules; Boot process

every PC and clone.) If the download was apparently successful, the BIOS would verify a checksumon it and then run it. [8] This feature was intended for factory test or diagnostic purposes. While it was of limited utility outside of factory or repair facilities, it could be used in a proprietary way...

Page 6 - Boot environment

would only boot from the first floppy disk drive or the first hard disk drive, even if there were twodrives of either type installed. All more advanced boot priority sequences evolved as incrementalimprovements on this basic system. A little-known feature of the original IBM BIOS versions is that be...

Page 7 - Extensions

for a boot program to be relocatable. DL contains the drive number, as used with INT 13h, of the bootdevice, unless the BIOS is one that does not set the drive number in DL – and then DL is undefined.SS:SP points to a valid stack that is presumably large enough to support hardware interrupts, butoth...

Page 8 - Operating system services

An add-in card requires an option ROM if the card is not supported by the main BIOS and the cardneeds to be initialized or made accessible through BIOS services before the operating system can beloaded (usually this means it is required in the bootstrapping process). Even when it is not required, an...

Page 9 - Processor microcode updates; Identification

programmers observed that using the BIOS video services for graphics display was very slow. Toincrease the speed of screen output, many programs bypassed the BIOS and programmed the videodisplay hardware directly. Other graphics programmers, particularly but not exclusively in thedemoscene, observed...

Page 10 - Configuration; Setup utility

Award BIOS setup utility on astandard PC Some operating systems, for example MS-DOS, rely on the BIOS to carry out most input/output taskswithin the PC. [14] Because the BIOS still runs in 16-bit real mode, calling BIOS services directly is inefficient forprotected-mode operating systems. BIOS servi...

Page 11 - Hardware

PhoenixBIOS D686. ThisBIOS chip is housed in aPLCC package in a socket. peripheral devices, a password for booting the system, or a hard disk password that limits accessto it and stays assigned even if the hard disk is moved to another computer. Reprogramming In modern PCs the BIOS is stored in rewr...

Page 12 - Vendors and products

The size of the BIOS, and the capacity of the ROM, EEPROM, or other media it may be stored on, hasincreased over time as new features have been added to the code; BIOS versions now exist with sizesup to 16 megabytes. For contrast, the original IBM PC BIOS was contained in an 8 KiB mask ROM.Some mode...

Page 14 - Security

An American Megatrends BIOSshowing a "Intel CPU uCode LoadingError" after a failed attempt to uploadmicrocode patches into the CPU. Detached BIOS Chip Research which were acquired by Phoenix Technologies in 1998; Phoenix later phased out the AwardBrand name. General Software, which was also ...

Page 15 - Alternatives and successors

a backup BIOS. Also, all modern operating systems such as FreeBSD, Linux, OS X, Windows NT-based Windows OS like Windows 2000, Windows XP and newer, do not allow user-mode programs tohave direct hardware access. As a result, as of 2008, CIH has become essentially harmless, at worst causing annoyance...

Page 16 - See also

specification development is driven by The Unified EFI Forum, an industry Special Interest Group.EFI booting has been supported in only Microsoft Windows versions supporting GPT, [30] the Linux kernel 2.6.1 and later, and Mac OS X on Intel-based Macs. [31] Other alternatives to the functionality of ...