Page 2 - C AU T I O N; TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK,; CAUTION; NOTE TO CATV SYSTEM INSTALLER:; bonded ferrite cores, when using the VGA input.
C AU T I O N : TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK). NO USED SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL CAUTION RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT OPEN The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol within an equilateral triangle is intended to aler...
Page 3 - Table of Contents; le
3 3 O PE RA T I O N SE T U P I N S T A LL A T I O N T HANK Y O U Table of Contents T a b le o f C o n te n ts IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS ............................................................................4-5 Thank You Letter ...........................................................................
Page 4 - IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS; Read, Retain and Follow All Instructions; Grounding or Polarization
4 4 Im po rt a n t S a fe g u a rd s IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS Please read the following safeguards for your TV and retain for future reference. Always follow all warnings and instructions marked on the television. 1. Read, Retain and Follow All Instructions Read all safety and operating instructions bef...
Page 5 - Continued; Object and Liquid Entry; Damage Requiring Service
5 5 Im port a n t S a fe g u a rd s IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS Continued 12. Power Lines An outside antenna system should not be located in the vicinity of overhead power lines or other electric light or power circuits, or where it can fall into such power lines or circuits. When installing an outside ant...
Page 6 - or; visit our website at
If you have questions regarding your television, call Consumer Relations at (800) 332-2119, or email us at M D E A s e r v i c e @ b i g s c r e e n . m e a . c o m To order replacement or additional remote controls or owner’s guides call (800) 553-7278 or visit our website at w w w . m i t s u b i ...
Page 7 - Thank You
7 7 Thank You Thank You Letter ............................8 Unpacking Your New TV .................9 Special Features ..............................9
Page 8 - We at Mitsubishi Would Like to Thank You
8 8 Part I: Thank You T h a n k Y ou L e tt e r We at Mitsubishi Would Like to Thank You To the Mitsubishi Consumer: Thank you for choosing Mitsubishi as your premier home entertainment partner. Whether this is your rst Mi tsubi shi consumer electronics product or an addition to your growing Mitsubi...
Page 9 - Special Features; Wide Screen Picture Format
9 9 Part I: Thank You U n p a c k in g Y our N e w T V / S p e c ia l F e a tu re s Unpacking Your New TV Please take a moment to review the follow- ing list of items to ensure that you have received everything included: 1 Remote Control 2 (2) AAA Batteries 3 (3) IR Emitter Cables 4 Product Registra...
Page 11 - Installation
11 11 Installation Front Control Panel Functions ..... 12Back Panel Functions ................... 13 How Connections Affect: PIP and POP ............................... 14 System 4 Home Theater IR Control .............................. 14-15 Connecting to Your New Mitsubishi Bigscreen: Antenna or Wa...
Page 12 - Part II: Installation; nc; IRISTM; not glow when the TV is off. When the TV is set to turn on at a speci c ti m; Input 4
12 12 Part II: Installation F ro n t C o n tr o l P a n e l F u nc ti o n s Front Control Panel Figure 1. Front Control Panel. IRIS™ Intelligent Room Illumination (light) Sensor. Turn this feature on or off using the VIDEO button on your remote control. When the IRIS is on, your TV will automaticall...
Page 13 - Back Panel; displayed, the PIP output will send the main picture audio signal.; IR Emitter Home Theater (System 4 Home Theater IR Control)
13 13 Y G Pb B Pr R V H HIGH RESOLUTION INPUT INPUT 3 PIP S-VIDEO VGA 640 X 480, 60HZ COMPONENT 480i / 480p 1 (YPrPb) 2 (YPrPb) DTV (YPrPb/GRBHV) 480i / 480p / 1080i VIDEO MONITOR IR EMITTER HOME THEATER 2 1 STB OUTPUT AUDIO- LEFT/ (MONO) AUDIO- RIGHT AUDIO- LEFT/ (MONO) AUDIO- RIGHT ANT-B LOOP OUT ...
Page 14 - nn
14 14 DTV 31. ∗∗ 1080i 4:09 AM Tuesday Signal Strength DTV 31. ∗∗ 480p 4:09 AM Tuesday Signal Strength or Part II: Installation H o w C o nn e c ti o n s A ff e c t th e P IP a n d P O P How Connections Affect the PIP and POP To see a picture in the PIP or POP inset, you may need to select an input ...
Page 15 - tio; VCR: Connect the cables to the TV as; directed on page 17, with one exception.; DVD: Connect the cables as directed on; with one exception. Connect the digital; DTV: Connect the cables as directed on; The TV outputs should be connected to the; Owner’s Guide for this procedure). For all TV; •Digital Input Assignment for DVD: Assign the; digital input you used for your DVD player to the; •Digital Assignment for DTV: Assign the digital; •Set the slide switch to the TV position and follow
15 15 Part II: Installation H o w C o n n e c tio n s A ffe c t t h e S y s te m 4 H o m e T h e a te r I R C o n tr o l Special Setups: A/V Equipment VCR: Connect the cables to the TV as directed on page 17, with one exception. Connect the audio output connection to the appropriate input on the bac...
Page 16 - Additional connection cables are not; Connecting an Antenna, Wall Outlet Cable, or Cable Box; Separate UHF and VHF Antennas; One from LOOP-OUT on the TV back panel to
16 16 Additional connection cables are not provided with the TV. They should be available at most electronic stores. Part II: Installation C o nn e c ti n g a n A n te nn a , W a ll O u tl e t C a b le , o r C a b le B o x Connecting an Antenna, Wall Outlet Cable, or Cable Box Separate UHF and VHF A...
Page 17 - Connecting a VCR; Antennas or Wall Outlet Cable; tin
17 17 Additional connection cables are not provided with the TV. They should be available at most electronic stores. Part II: Installation Connecting a VCR Antennas or Wall Outlet Cable (Figure 1) 1 Connect the incoming cable to ANT-A on the TV back panel. Connect two coaxial cables as follows: 2 On...
Page 18 - Please see your A/V receiver Owner’s; Connecting an Audio Receiver; Stereo Audio System
18 18 Y G Pb B Pr R V H HIGH RESOLUTION INPUT INPUT 3 PIP S-VIDEO VGA 640 X 480, 60HZ COMPONENT 480i / 480p 1 (YPrPb) 2 (YPrPb) DTV (YPrPb/GRBHV) 480i / 480p / 1080i VIDEO MONITOR IR EMITTER HOME THEATER 2 1 STB OUTPUT AUDIO- LEFT/ (MONO) AUDIO- RIGHT AUDIO- LEFT/ (MONO) AUDIO- RIGHT ANT-B LOOP OUT ...
Page 19 - Connecting a DVD Player; DVD Player with Component Video; Y to Y; See Appendix B, page 61, for component; Connecting an S-Video Device
19 19 Part II: Installation Do not display the same stationary images on the screen for more that 15% of your total TV viewing in one week. Examples of stationary images are letterbox top /bottom bars from DVD or other video sources, side bars when showing standard TV pictures on widescreen TV’s, st...
Page 20 - DTV Connectors and Adaptors; For digital audio connections, see your
20 20 Part II: Installation C o nn e c ti n g a D T V R e c e iv e r Connecting a DTV Receiver DTV Connectors and Adaptors (Figure 1) The TV back panel has 5 RCA-type connec- tors, for the DTV connection. The back panel of your DTV receiver may use RCA- type connectors or BNC-type connectors. If you...
Page 21 - DTV Receiver; See Appendix B, page 61, for RGB video
21 21 Part II: Installation C o nne c tin g a D T V R e c e iv e r Connecting a DTV Receiver DTV Receiver with RGB Video Connections (Figure 1) 1 Connect the outside antenna, cable, or satellite to ANT, or SATELLITE IN on the DTV receiver (see your DTV receiver’s owner’s guide for instructions, and ...
Page 22 - See page 53 for details on using the; Connecting a Computer with a VGA Monitor Output; Connecting a Computer; Connecting the System 4 Home Theater IR Control
22 22 Y G Pb B Pr R V H HIGH RESOLUTION INPUT INPUT 3 PIP S-VIDEO VGA 640 X 480, 60HZ COMPONENT 480i / 480p 1 (YPrPb) 2 (YPrPb) DTV (YPrPb/GRBHV) 480i / 480p / 1080i VIDEO MONITOR IR EMITTER HOME THEATER 2 1 STB OUTPUT AUDIO- LEFT/ (MONO) AUDIO- RIGHT AUDIO- LEFT/ (MONO) AUDIO- RIGHT ANT-B LOOP OUT ...
Page 23 - Do not leave stationary, toolbar, or partial images on-screen; The VGA capability of this television is; It is not meant to be used as a work station; IM; bars should be set to hidden mode.; Please remember that most computer pro-
23 23 Warning: Do not leave stationary, toolbar, or partial images on-screen for extended periods of time. Mix the types of pictures shown. Uneven picture tube aging is NOT covered by your warranty. The VGA capability of this television is designed for occasional use ONLY. It is not meant to be used...
Page 25 - Setup; Programming the Remote Control:; To Control Other A/V Products; Using
25 25 Setup Programming the Remote Control: To Control Other A/V Products ....... 26-27 To Activate the System 4 IRHome Therater IR Control .............. 28-29 on-screen menu system .....30 Using ...............................30 Menu Screens (Overview) ....31-32 Setup Menu............................
Page 26 - Cable Box Codes; VCR Codes; Satellite Receiver Codes; If you cannot turn the cable box ON; ra; To Program the Remote to Control
26 26 TV AUDIO CABLE/DBS/DTV DVD VCR 1 Code to enter: To reset to default code, enter 000 Cable box brand General Instruments Jerrold Oak Pioneer Scientific Atlanta Zenith 111, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127 102, 137, 139 101, 116 111, 112, 113 100, 117 If your cable box code is not lis...
Page 27 - If the slide switch is set to TV when; Programming the Remote Control: To Control Other A/V Products; After entering the correct codes in each posi-; VCR
27 27 TV AUDIO CABLE/DBS/DTV DVD VCR 1 2 POWER Code to enter: To reset to default code, enter 000 DVD/LDP brand Mitsubishi (DVD) Mitsubishi (LDP) Panasonic Pioneer DVD (LDP) Sony Toshiba 003 016, 017 250 252 (016, 017) 254 253 If your DVD code is not listed here, please see page 62 for a complete li...
Page 28 - Name TV Input as Shown Below; Activation of the System 4 Home; gram the Remote to Control Other Brands of; To Activate the Audio Portion:
28 28 Name Input Cannot be named CABLE DBS Cannot be named VCR DVD Device You Are Using Cable Box connected to ANT-A or ANT-B Cable Box connected to STB Satellite Receiver connected to any input Digital TV/Satellite Receiver connected to DTV VCR connected to input 1, 2, 3, or 4 DVD connected to any ...
Page 29 - tiv; Testing System 4 for Proper Setup; If the A/V Receiver did not change; If the A/V Receiver changed to; Deactivating the System 4 Home
29 29 System 4 is designed for use with A/V receiv- ers that have at least 4 inputs. A/V receivers with fewer may be only partially compatible. Part III: Setup A c tiv a tin g th e S y s te m 4 H o m e T h e a te r IR C o n tr o l Programming the Remote Control: To Activate the System 4 Home Theater...
Page 30 - The 3D Graphical; “Clock Time” and “Set Day” have been set.; u S
30 30 POWER INFO PAUSE REC FF/FWD REW/REV PLAY STOP 3 6 9 QV VOLUME GUIDE EXCH ENTER CANCEL MENU V-CHIP FORMAT PIP CH 1 7 SQV 4 INPUT SLEEP VIDEO AUDIO MUTE 2 5 8 0 CHANNEL ADJUST PIP INPUT PIP/POP HOME TV AUDIO CABLE/DBS/DTV DVD VCR HOME THEATER 2 3 4 6 1 Figure 2. These buttons are used for naviga...
Page 31 - Setup Menu; You can put channels in memory, turn on or; Captions Menu; Display captions or text, and choose black or; re; Channel Menu; Use to customize the channel information for
31 31 Part III: Setup Menu Screens (Overview) Setup Menu (Figure 1) You can put channels in memory, turn on or off input connections of the TV, and select the menu system to display in English or Español (Spanish). Captions Menu (Figure 2) Display captions or text, and choose black or gray as the ba...
Page 32 - Advanced Menu; Clock Menu
32 32 Part III: Setup Menu Screens (Overview) Advanced Menu (Figure 2) Set your TV to turn on automatically, con- verge (align) the three main colors, display a blue screen when viewing an input with no signal, enhance the darker parts of bright pictures, and change the line doubling method. Audio /...
Page 33 - Memorize Channels; weak channels. You can stop memorization; riz; Assign Input Menu; Assign Input turns off unused inputs, turns; Cycle through the available inputs; DTV Note: If you have a DTV receiver; Language; ADJUST or; button on the
33 33 Part III: Setup Setup Menu: Memorize Channels, Assign Input, and Language Memorize Channels (Figure 1) This selection memorizes the channels your TV can receive and skips the unused or weak channels. You can stop memorization at any time by pressing CANCEL. Channels memorized prior to pressing...
Page 34 - lo; CC Background
34 34 When Text closed captioning is selected, a large black or gray box will appear on your TV screen if no signal is broadcast. The content of captions is determined by the broadcaster. If your captions show strange characters, misspellings, or odd grammar, it is not a malfunction of the TV. Part ...
Page 35 - ry; Antenna; Using The Remote Control
35 35 Part III: Setup A n te nna , C h a nne l, M e m o ry , N a m e , a n d S Q V ™ Antenna (Figure 1) Select Ant-A, or Ant-B. For each antenna, you can add or delete channels in memory, name channels, and add channels to the SQV (Super Quick View™) list. Channel (Figure 1) Select the channel you w...
Page 36 - If you forget your four-digit passcode,; ip; Entry to the V-Chip Lock
36 36 If you forget your four-digit passcode, see Appendix A, page 59. Part III: Setup V -C h ip L o c k V-Chip Menu: V-Chip Lock V-Chip Lock (Figure 1) The V-Chip Lock allows you to Block or Allow programs based upon rating signals sent by the broadcasting station. The TV comes from the factory wit...
Page 37 - V-Chip Signal Information; When provided by the broadcaster, V-Chip; signal is sent from the broadcaster, no; “Programs Not Rated” is a V-Chip
37 37 Part III: Setup V -C h ip L o c k V-Chip Menu: V-ChipLock V-Chip Signal Information (Figure 1) When provided by the broadcaster, V-Chip signal information can be displayed by press-ing the INFO button on the remote control. Rating guidelines are provided by broadcast stations. TV programs and ...
Page 38 - Time
38 38 Part III: Setup V -C h ip L o c k H ou rs /T im e V-Chip Menu: V-Chip Lock Hours/Time V-Chip Lock Hours/Time (Figure 1) V-CHIP HOURS/LOCK BY TIME will allow you to activate the V-Chip or lock the entire TV during speci c hour s. V-Chip Start Time and V-Chip Stop Time (Figure 1) Select the time...
Page 39 - im
39 39 The TV’s clock must be set before you can set the timer. If you have not set the clock and/or day, you will see the CLOCK menu instead of the Timer menu. Part III: Setup T im e r Timer Menu (Figure 2) The timer can be turned On or Off. When On, you need to select the time to turn on, the day t...
Page 40 - Convergence Menu
40 40 Part III: Setup C o n v e rg e n c e Advanced Menu: Convergence Convergence Menu (Figure 2) Convergence aligns the entire screen at once. Select either Red Convergence or Blue Convergence to begin alignment. To align 64 individual points, see Advanced Convergence, page 41. Convergence (Figure ...
Page 41 - rg; Advanced Convergence; Video Display
41 41 There are more than 64 line intersections, but the ashi ng br acket w i ll onl y st op at the 64 adjustment points. Part III: Setup A d v a nce d C o n v e rg e nce , V id e o D is p la y , a n d V id e o M u te Advanced Menu: Advanced Convergence, Video Display, and Video Mute Advanced Conver...
Page 42 - AUDIO/VIDEO SETTINGS menu; Each of the 11 inputs has its own A/V; AUDIO SETTINGS and VIDEO SETTINGS; Press AUDIO or VIDEO to cycle through
42 42 Part III: Setup Audio/Video Menu: AV Memory Reset, and Audio/Video Settings A V M e m o ry R e s e t, a n d A u d io /V id e o S e tt in g s AUDIO/VIDEO SETTINGS menu (Figure 1) Each of the 11 inputs has its own A/V memory. You can adjust each input’s A/V memory in two ways. You can use the me...
Page 43 - rs; TV Speakers; Select Fixed if your audio receiver or stereo
43 43 To prevent damage from a sudden increase in volume, make sure the TV volume is low before choosing ON. Part III: Setup T V S p e a k e rs , a n d A u d io O u tp u t TV Speakers (Figure 1) This selection will turn on or off the TV’s internal speakers. You may select Off when sending the sound ...
Page 44 - For the manual clock setting, select the cur-; Set Day; When Manual has been selected for the
44 44 Part III: Setup C lo c k S e tt in g (M a n u a l) Clock Menu: Clock Setting ( Manual) Clock Setting ( Manual) (Figure 1) For the manual clock setting, select the cur- rent time, including AM or PM. Press or to slowly adjust the time. Press and hold or to quickly adjust the time. Set Day (Figu...
Page 45 - Time Zone
45 45 Part III: Setup C lo c k S e tt in g (A u to ) Clock Menu: Clock Setting (Auto) Clock Setting (Auto) (Figure 1) Setting the Clock Setting to Auto will automatically set the day and time using Extended Data Service (XDS) time data. This data is automatically retrieved from a PBS channel or othe...
Page 46 - Audio Settings; • Off: No surround effects. Use this setting; mono with this setting.; tt
46 46 Part III: Setup Audio Settings Bass enhances or reduces low fre- quency sound. Treble enhances or reduces high fre- quency sound. Balance adjusts the level of sound between the left and right speakers. Surround creates simulated stereo and surround effects. Your choices are: • Off: No surround...
Page 47 - Video Settings; • Medium : White images will be balanced
47 47 Part III: Setup A/V Setting Descriptions: Video Video Settings IRIS™ is the Intelligent Room Illumi- nation (light) Sensor. When IRIS™ is on, your TV will automatically adjust pic-ture contrast and brightness for best quality (Contrast and Brightness cannot be adjusted manually). Contrast prov...
Page 49 - Operation
49 49 Operation Remote Control Functions...... 50-57 Overview .....................................50 Care and Operation ................... 51 Channel Selection .......................52 Sleep Timer ................................52 System 4 Home Theater IR Control ...................................
Page 50 - Remote Control Functions: Overview; Overview; rv
50 50 Part IV: Operation Remote Control Functions: Overview Overview (Following page, gur e 1) 1 Slide Switch : Select A/V product to be controlled by the remote control. 2 Numbers: Individually select channels or input information into TV. 3 POWER : Turns power on and off for TV and other A/V produ...
Page 51 - Installing the Batteries:; Remote Control Functions: Care and Operation
51 51 The remote control may return to its initial setting when the batteries are changed. You may need to reprogram. Part IV: Operation Operation Installing the Batteries: (Figure 2) 1 Remove the remote control’s back cover by gently pressing the ridged tab in the direction of the arrow and sliding...
Page 52 - Remote Control Functions: Channel Selection and Sleep Timer; Channel Selection; Sleep Timer; Setting the Sleep Timer:
52 52 Part IV: Operation Remote Control Functions: Channel Selection and Sleep Timer Channel Selection For Non-DTV Channels: Enter three numbers (for channel 2, press 002). or Press the channel number and ENTER (for channel 2, press 2, then ENTER). or Enter the channel number and wait four seconds. ...
Page 53 - Other commands from your Mitsubishi; Remote Control Functions: System 4 Home Theater IR Control; Requirements for Operation; System 4 allows for only one of the
53 53 Other commands from your Mitsubishi remote control, or other manufacturer’s remote, will be passed through the TV. Part IV: Operation Remote Control Functions: System 4 Home Theater IR Control Requirements for Operation A/V devices connected as described on page 15. Cable Box connected as on p...
Page 54 - Remote Control Functions: Special Functions; When your remote control has been Pro-; Remote Control Functions: Operation of PIP and POP; gramming in different ways. While watching; Activating the PIP and POP; Press PIP/POP to choose a display format.
54 54 VCR Cable Boxes and Satellite Receivers A/V Receivers Mitsubishi CD Players (not all functions for all models) Mitsubishi A/V Receivers DVD and Laser Disc Players (not all functions for all models) POWER POWER CHANNEL up/down ENTER (on some models) STOP PAUSE MENU REW/REV PLAY FF/FWD ADJUST up...
Page 56 - signals, the FORMAT control will not
56 56 Part IV: Operation Remote Control Functions: Display Formats This is a wide screen TV (also known as a 16:9 TV). This shape re ec t s t he new types of images available from HDTV and many DVDs. There are still many older style narrow screen images (called 4:3 aspect ratio) you will encounter. ...
Page 58 - Do not leave stationary or letterbox images on-screen for; plays: bright graphics that are shown con-
58 58 Part IV: Operation IM P O R T A N T N O T E S # 2 Warning: Do not leave stationary or letterbox images on-screen for extended periods of time. Mix the types of pictures shown. Uneven picture tube aging is NOT covered by your warranty. The normal use of a TV should include a mixture of TV pictu...
Page 59 - Bypassing the V-Chip Lock
59 59 59 59 59 When changing or deleting your passcode, you must use the remote control included with this TV. You cannot use a Mitsubishi remote control from another component or a “universal” remote. Cut along the dotted line and le bypass instructions in a safe place for future reference. A p p e...
Page 61 - Appendix B: High Resolution Input Connection Compatiblity; These inputs are compatible with component; can also receive; DTV Input
61 61 Appendix B: High Resolution Input Connection Compatiblity A p p e n d ix B : Hig h D e ni ti on I np u t C o n nec t ion C o m p a t ibi lit y These inputs are compatible with component video signals from standard DVD players and other equipment sending a standard NTSC component video signal (...
Page 62 - Appendix C: Remote Control Programming Codes; ix
62 62 Appendix C: Remote Control Programming Codes Mitsubishi . .. .. .. . 010, 011, 012, 013, 014, . .. .. .. .. .. .. . 015 Admiral . .. .. .. .. . 220Aiwa . .. .. .. .. .. . 225, 226 Denon . .. .. .. .. . 234, 235, 236Fisher . .. .. .. .. . 204Gerrard . .. .. .. .. . 213Harman Kardon . .. . 215 J...
Page 63 - Appendix D: Cleaning and Service; For further assistance, please call
63 63 Appendix D: Cleaning and Service A p p e n d ix D : C le a n in g a n d S e rv ic e Cleaning Normally, light dusting with a dry, non-scratching duster will keep your TV clean. Use care when cleaning your TV with any other product. If you want to gently wipe down your TV with a lightly moistene...
Page 64 - Appendix E: Troubleshooting
64 64 Appendix E: Troubleshooting A p p e n d ix E : T rou b le s ho o ti n g Problem Possible Solution • The TV remote control does not work. • Check that the batteries are installed correctly. • Check that the selected switch is set to “TV”. • Be no further than 20 feet from the TV when using the ...
Page 65 - Index; In
65 65 Index In d e x A -R A adding and deleting channels 35Advanced Features menu 39adaptors (BNC to RCA), 20adjusting (convergence), 40-41alignment (convergence), 40-41antennas (connecting), 16assistance, 63audio settings 46 B back panel, 13balance, 46bass, 46Black Enhancement, 41blocking (enabling...
Page 66 - Mitsubishi Limited Warranty, 67
66 66 Index In d e x S -W S safeguards, 4-5servicing, 2, 5, 63signal types 1080i, 56, 61 480i, 41, 61 480p (progressive DVD), 41, 61 720p, 61 960i, 41Sleep Timer, 52sound (adjusting), 46Spanish, 33Special Functions, 54SQV (Super Quick View™), 35stand, 4STATIONARY PICTUREWARNING, 19, 23, 58surface, 4...
Page 67 - Mitsubishi Projection TV Limited Warranty; RETAIN THIS PORTION FOR YOUR RECORDS
67 67 Mitsubishi Projection TV Limited Warranty MITSUBISHI PROJECTION TELEVISION LIMITED WARRANTY MITSUBISHI DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AMERICA, INC. ( “MDEA” ) warrants to the original purchaser of this television that if purchased from an authorized MITSUBISHI Audio / Video Dealer, should it prove defect...