D-Link DIR-505 - Manuals

2 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 1 - Product Overview Network Requirements • An Ethernet-based Cable or DSL modem• IEEE 802.11n or 802.11g wireless clients• 10/100 Ethernet Web-based Coniguration Utility Requirements Computer with the following: • Windows®, Macintosh, or Linux-based operating sy...

3 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 1 - Product Overview Introduction TOTAL PERFORMANCE Combines award winning router features and Wireless N 150 technology to provide the best wireless performance. TOTAL SECURITY The most complete set of security features including Active Firewall and WPA/WPA2 to ...

4 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 1 - Product Overview • Faster Wireless Networking - The DIR-505 provides an up to 150 Mbps* wireless connection with other 802.11n wireless clients. This capability allows users to participate in real-time activities online, such as video streaming, online gaming...

5 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 1 - Product Overview Hardware Overview Front/Top 1 Mode Selector Switch Slide this switch to select the Router/AP, Repeater, and Wi-Fi Hotspot modes. 2 LED Indicator This indicates the current status of the DIR-505, as detailed in the table below. LED Indicator C...

6 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 1 - Product Overview Hardware Overview Bottom 1 USB Port Connect a USB 1.1 or 2.0 lash drive to conigure the wireless settings using SharePort™ Mobile and SharePort™ Web File Access. Both allows you to share a USB or a storage device with your local network. 2 Re...

7 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 1 - Product Overview Operation Modes Depending on how you want to use your DIR-505 will determine which mode you use. The following pages describe each mode to help you igure out which one to use. • Router Mode• Access Point Mode • Repeater Mode• Wi-Fi Hotspot Mo...

8 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 2 - Installation Router Mode In Router Mode, the DIR-505 connects to your cable modem, DSL modem, or other Internet source and shares your Internet connection with your devices wirelessly, providing Internet access for an entire home or oice. You can also share i...

9 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 2 - Installation Access Point Mode In Access Point Mode, the DIR-505 connects your wireless devices together, but does not provide routing functionality. It also allows a connected wired device to connect to your other devices wirelessly. This can be useful if yo...

10 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 2 - Installation Repeater Mode In Repeater Mode, the DIR-505 extends the range of an existing wireless network. You can use this to extend the coverage of an existing wireless router to provide better signal for parts of your home or oice that may have poor rece...

12 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 2 - Installation Wireless Installation Considerations The D-Link wireless router lets you access your network using a wireless connection from virtually anywhere within the operating range of your wireless network. Keep in mind, however, that the number, thickne...

13 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 2 - Installation Setting Up Your DIR-505 1. Move the switch on the top of the DIR-505 to the mode you wish to use, then plug it in. Verify that the power LED has turned green before continuing. If you are using Router/AP Mode: Move the switch on the top of the D...

14 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 2 - Installation 3. Open a web browser. First time users will automatically be directed to the appropriate Setup Wizard for the selected operation mode. Please follow the on-screen instructions to complete setup. If the Setup Wizard does not appear, type http://...

15 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 2 - Installation This wizard is designed to guide you through a step-by-step process to conigure your new D-Link router and connect to the Internet. Click Next to continue. If this is your irst time setting up the DIR-505, open your web browser. You will automat...

18 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 2 - Installation Web-based Coniguration Select Admin from the drop-down menu and then enter your password. By default, the password is blank. To access the coniguration utility in any of the modes of the DIR-505, open a web-browser and enter http://dlinkrouter i...

25 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Router Mode This section describes the coniguration interface for Router mode. Make sure that the mode selector switch is in the Router/AP position on your DIR-505. Otherwise, the main coniguration screen will appear. You will still be able to us...

26 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Setup Internet Settings If you want to conigure your router to connect to the Internet using a setup wizard, click Internet Connection Setup Wizard , and continue to the next page. To conigure your Internet settings manually, click the Manual Int...

27 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode The Internet Connection Setup Wizard is designed to guide you through a step-by-step process to conigure your DIR-505 and connect to the Internet. Click Next to continue. In order to secure your router, please enter a new password. Click Next to ...

29 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode If you selected PPPoE Connection , you will see the following screen. Enter your PPPoE username, password and verify password, then click Next to continue. Note : Make sure to remove your PPPoE software from your computer. The software is no long...

30 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode If you selected L2TP Connection , you will see the following screen. Enter your L2TP username, password, and other information supplied by your ISP. Click Next to continue. If the router detected or you selected Static , enter the IP and DNS sett...

31 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Manual Internet Setup This should be set to Router mode. If you want to use Access Point mode, select Access Point mode and click the Save Settings button to switch to the Access Point coniguration interface. For more information, refer to “Acces...

32 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Entering a host name is optional but may be required by some ISPs. Leave this blank if you are not sure. Check the box if you are having problems obtaining an IP address from your ISP. Enter the Primary and secondary DNS server IP addresses assig...

35 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Select Static if your ISP assigned you an IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS server address. In most cases, select Dynamic . Enter the IP address (Static PPTP only). Enter the primary and secondary DNS server addresses (for static PPTP onl...

39 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Wireless Settings If you want to conigure the wireless settings on your router using the wizard, click Wireless Security Setup Wizard and refer to the next page . If you want to manually conigure the wireless settings on your router click Manual ...

40 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Wireless Network Setup Wizard The Internet Connection Setup Wizard is designed to guide you through a step-by-step process to conigure your wireless network. Type your desired wireless network name (SSID) and choose from the following options: Au...

41 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Wireless setup is now complete. Click Save to save your settings and complete the setup process. If you selected Manually assign a network key , you will need to manually enter a password (network key) for your wireless network, and then click Ne...

42 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Manual Wireless Network Coniguration Enable Wireless: Wireless Network Name: 802.11 Mode: Enable Auto Channel Scan: Check the box to enable the wireless function. If you do not want to use wireless, uncheck the box to disable all the wireless fun...

46 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode This section will allow you to change the local network settings of the router and to conigure the DHCP settings. After making your changes, click the Save Settings button. Network Settings Enter the IP address of the router. The default IP addre...

47 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Check this box to enable the reservation. Enter a name for your computer. You can also use the dropdown box to the right to select a currently connected computer, and then click the << button to automatically ill in the text boxes with your...

49 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Media Server This feature allows you to share music, pictures and videos with any devices connected to your network. After making your changes, click the Save Settings button. Check this box to enable the media server feature. Enter the media ser...

50 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Storage This page will allow you to access iles from a USB external hard drive or thumb drive that is plugged into the DIR-505 from your local network or from the Internet using either a web browser or the SharePort Mobile app for your smartphone...

52 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode This will allow you to open a single port. If you would like to open a range of ports, refer to “Application Rules” on page 53. After making your changes, click the Save Settings button. Enter a name for the rule or select an application from the...

53 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Enter a name for the rule or select an application from the drop-down menu and click << to automatically ill in the rule with the default settings for that application. This is the port used to trigger the application. It can be either a si...

54 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode MAC Address Filter Conigure how MAC iltering works by using the dropdown box to select an option: Turn MAC Filtering OFF : This disables MAC iltering. Turn MAC Filtering ON and ALLOW computers listed to access the network : When this option is se...

55 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Website Filtering Rules: Website URL/ Domain: Website Filters Configure how website filter ing wor ks by using the dropdown box to select an option: DENY computers access to ONLY these sites : When this option is selected, all PCs and devices on ...

56 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode SPI (Stateful Packet Inspection, also known as dynamic packet iltering) helps to prevent cyber attacks by tracking more state per session. It validates that the traic passing through the session conforms to the protocol. Enable this feature to pr...

57 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Advanced Wireless Use the dropdown box to set the transmit power of the antennas. WMM is Quality of Service(QoS) for your wireless network. This will improve the quality of video and voice applications for your wireless clients. Check this box to...

59 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode To use the Universal Plug and Play (UPnP ™ ) feature tick the Enabled checkbox. Enable UPnP: UPnP Settings This page allows you to enable UPnP, which can help provide compatibility with some networking equipment, software, and peripherals. After ...

60 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Guest Zone Tick this checkbox to enable the Guest Zone feature. Select when the Guest Zone will be active. The schedule may be set to Always , which will allow the Guest Zone to be on at all times. You can select a schedule you created, or you ca...

61 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode DMZ Enabling DMZ allows you to set a single PC or network device to “be exposed” outside of the router and have unrestricted Internet access. It is not recommended for normal use, and should only be used if you need this feature for a speciic rea...

62 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Password: Verify Password: Enable Graphical Authentication: Enable HTTPS Server: Enable Remote Management: Remote Admin Port: Enter a new password for the Administrator Login Name. The administrator can make changes to the settings. Enter the sam...

63 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Time Zone: Enable Daylight Saving: Enable NTP Server: NTP Server Used: Date and Time: Select the Time Zone from the drop-down menu. To select Daylight Saving time manually, click the Enable Daylight Saving check box. Next use the drop-down menu t...

64 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Save Settings To Local Hard Drive: Load Settings From Local Hard Drive: Restore to Factory Default Settings: Reboot the Device: Remove Language Pack: Clicking the Save button will allow you to save the current repeater coniguration settings to a ...

65 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Firmware Upgrade: Firmware You can upgrade the irmware of the DIR-505 here. Make sure the irmware you want to use is on the local hard drive of the computer. Click on Browse to locate the irmware ile to be used for the update. Please check the D-...

66 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Tick the checkbox to enable DDNS. Enter the DDNS server address, or select your DDNS service from the drop-down menu and click the << button to automatically ill in the address for the DDNS service. Enter the Host Name that you registered w...

67 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode The Ping Test is used to send ping packets to test if your DIR-505 is connected to the Internet. Enter the IP address that you wish to ping and click the Ping button. The results of your ping attempts will be displayed here. System Check Ping Tes...

68 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Enter a name for your new schedule. Select a day, a range of days, or All Week to include every day of the week. Check All Day - 24hrs or enter a start and end times for your schedule. After entering the details of your schedule, click the Save b...

69 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Status Device Info General: WAN LAN: Wireless LAN: LAN Computers: Displays the time and irmware version. Displays information about the connection to your modem or Internet connection. Displays the MAC address and the private (local) IP settings ...

70 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Logs Log Options: First Page: Last Page: Previous: Next: Clear: Save Log: Refresh: There are several types of logs that can be viewed: System Activity, Debug Information, Attacks, Dropped Packets and Notice . This button directs you to the irst p...

71 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Statistics The DIR-505 keeps statistics of the traic that passes through it. You can view the amount of packets that pass through the LAN and wireless portions of the network. Click the Refresh Statistics button to update the information, or clic...

72 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Internet Sessions The Internet Sessions page displays full details of active Internet sessions through your router. An Internet session is a conversation between a program or application on a LAN-side computer and a program or application on a WA...

73 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode Wireless The wireless client table displays a list of current connected wireless clients. This table also displays the connection time and MAC address of the connected wireless clients.

74 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 3 - Router Mode This screen gives you more information about the various parts of the coniguration interface. Click on a link to learn more about that topic. Help

76 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 4 - Access Point Mode Setup Setup Wizard If you want to conigure the Access Point Mode of the DIR-505 using a wizard, click Launch Wireless Setup Wizard . To conigure your DIR-505 manually, click Wireless Setup to conigure your wireless connection or click LAN S...

77 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 4 - Access Point Mode Wireless Setup Enable Wireless: Wireless Network Name: Wireless Mode: Enable Auto Channel Scan: Check the box to enable the wireless function. If you do not want to use wireless, uncheck the box to disable all the wireless functions. You ma...

85 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 4 - Access Point Mode User Limit Check this box to enable the User Limit feature. After enabling User Limits, enter the maximum number of wireless clients that can be connected to your wireless network. You can enter a number from 1 to 32. Enable User Limit: Use...

97 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 5 - Repeater Mode Repeater Mode If you want to conigure the Repeater Mode of the DIR-505 using a wizard, click Setup Wizard . To configure your DIR-505 manually, click Wireless Setup to conigure your wireless connection or click LAN Setup to conigure the LAN opt...

98 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 5 - Repeater Mode This Wizard is designed to assist you in coniguring your DIR-505 as an repeater. Select WPS as the coniguration method only if your wireless device supports Wi-Fi Protected Setup ( WPS). For Manual setup, skip to the next page. Click Next to co...

99 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 5 - Repeater Mode Select Manual as the configuration method to set up your network manually. Click Next to continue. Please wait while your device scans for available Wi-Fi networks. Select the network you would like your device to connect to and click Connect t...

102 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 5 - Repeater Mode LAN Setup This section will allow you to change the local network settings of the DIR-505. After making your changes, click the Save Settings button. Device Name: LAN Connection Type: Enter the Device Name of the DIR-505. It is recommended tha...

103 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 5 - Repeater Mode If you choose Static IP as your connection type: IP Address: Subnet Mask: Gateway Address: Primary DNS Server: Secondary DNS Server: Enter the IP address the DIR-505 should use. The default IP address is 192.168.0.1. If you change the IP addre...

105 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 5 - Repeater Mode Wi-Fi Protected Setup Check this box to enable the WPS functions of the DIR-505. Disabling this will disable the WPS PIN method of connection and coniguration. If you want to reconigure the router using the WPS PIN method, click on the Reset t...

114 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 6 - Wi-Fi Hot Spot Mode Setup Quick Setup Wizard Wi-Fi Hot Spot Mode If this is your irst time using this device, you will be directed to the Pre-Setup Wizard. If you have already completed the Pre-Setup Wizard, please continue to page 116. Enter Admin in the U...

118 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 6 - Wi-Fi Hot Spot Mode Wireless LAN Setup Use this section to conigure the Wireless LAN settings for your D-Link router. This will conigure the wireless network you will connect to with your PCs and devices. You can create a new Wi-Fi network name (SSID) for y...

134 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 7 - Connecting a Wireless Client Connecting a Wireless Client WPS Button Step 2 - Within 2 minutes, press the WPS button on your wireless client (or launch the software utility and start the WPS process). The easiest and most secure way to connect your wireless...

135 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 7 - Connecting a Wireless Client Windows® 7 It is recommended to enable wireless security ( WPA/WPA2) on your wireless router or access point before coniguring your wireless adapter. If you are joining an existing network, you will need to know the security key...

136 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 7 - Connecting a Wireless Client 3. Highlight the wireless network (SSID) you would like to connect to and click the Connect button. If you get a good signal but cannot access the Internet, check your TCP/IP settings for your wireless adapter. Refer to the Netw...

137 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 7 - Connecting a Wireless Client 5. Enter the same security key or passphrase that is on your router and click Connect . You can also connect by pushing the WPS button on the router. It may take 20-30 seconds to connect to the wireless network. If the connectio...

138 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 7 - Connecting a Wireless Client WPS The WPS feature of the DIR-505 can be conigured using Windows® 7. Carry out the following steps to use Windows® 7 to conigure the WPS feature: 1. Click the Start button and select Computer from the Start menu. 2. Click Netwo...

139 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 7 - Connecting a Wireless Client 3. Double-click the DIR-505. 4. Input the WPS PIN number (displayed in the WPS window on the Router’s LCD screen or in the Setup > Wireless Setup menu in the Router’s Web UI) and click Next .

141 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 7 - Connecting a Wireless Client 7. The following window appears while the R outer is being conigured. Wait for the coniguration to complete. 8. The following window informs you that WPS on the router has been setup successfully. Make a note of the security key...

142 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 7 - Connecting a Wireless Client Windows Vista® Windows Vista® users may use the built-in wireless utility. If you are using another company’s utility or Windows® 2000, please refer to the user manual of your wireless adapter for help with connecting to a wirel...

145 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 7 - Connecting a Wireless Client WPS/WCN 2.0 The router supports Wi-Fi protection, referred to as WCN 2.0 in Windows Vista®. The following instructions for setting this up depends on whether you are using Windows Vista® to conigure the router or third party sof...

146 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 7 - Connecting a Wireless Client Windows® XP Windows® XP users may use the built-in wireless utility (Zero Coniguration Utility). The following instructions are for Service Pack 2 users. If you are using another company’s utility, please refer to the user manua...

147 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 7 - Connecting a Wireless Client It is recommended to enable WPA on your wireless router or access point before coniguring your wireless adapter. If you are joining an existing network, you will need to know the WPA key being used. 2. Highlight the wireless net...

148 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 7 - Connecting a Wireless Client 3. The Wireless Network Connection box will appear. Enter the WPA-PSK passphrase and click Connect . It may take 20-30 seconds to connect to the wireless network. If the connection fails, please verify that the WPA-PSK settings ...

149 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 8 - Troubleshooting Troubleshooting This chapter provides solutions to problems that can occur during the installation and operation of the DIR-505. Read the following descriptions if you are having problems. The examples below are illustrated in Windows® XP. I...

151 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 8 - Troubleshooting 3. Why can’t I connect to certain sites or send and receive emails when connecting through my router? If you are having a problem sending or receiving email, or connecting to secure sites such as eBay, banking sites, and Hotmail, we suggest ...

152 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Section 8 - Troubleshooting You should start at 1472 and work your way down by 10 each time. Once you get a reply, go up by 2 until you get a fragmented packet. Take that value and add 28 to the value to account for the various TCP/IP headers. For example, lets say tha...

153 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Appendix A - Wireless Basics D-Link wireless products are based on industry standards to provide easy-to-use and compatible high-speed wireless connectivity within your home, business or public access wireless networks. Strictly adhering to the IEEE standard, the D-Lin...

154 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Appendix A - Wireless Basics What is Wireless? Wireless or Wi-Fi technology is another way of connecting your computer to the network without using wires. Wi-Fi uses radio frequency to connect wirelessly, so you have the freedom to connect computers anywhere in your ho...

155 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Appendix A - Wireless Basics Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Bluetooth is the industry standard wireless technology used for WPAN. Bluetooth devices in WPAN operate in a range up to 30 feet away. Compared to WLAN the speed and wireless operation range are both le...

156 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Appendix A - Wireless Basics Where is wireless used? Wireless technology is expanding everywhere not just at home or oice. People like the freedom of mobility and it’s becoming so popular that more and more public facilities now provide wireless access to attract peopl...

157 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Appendix B - Networking Basics Networking Basics Check your IP address After you install your new D-Link adapter, by default, the TCP/IP settings should be set to obtain an IP address from a DHCP server (i.e. wireless router) automatically. To verify your IP address, p...

158 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Appendix B - Networking Basics Statically Assign an IP address If you are not using a DHCP capable gateway/router, or you need to assign a static IP address, please follow the steps below: Step 1 Windows® 7 - Click on Start > Control Panel > Network and Internet ...

159 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Appendix C - Technical Speciications Technical Speciications Standards • IEEE 802.11g, compatible with 802.11n devices • IEEE 802.3 • IEEE 802.3u Wireless Modes • Router/AP Mode • Repeater Mode • Wi-Fi Hot Spot Mode Wireless Frequency Range 1 • 2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz An...

160 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Appendix D - GPL Code Statement GPL Code Statement This D-Link product includes software code developed by third parties, including software code subject to the GNU General Public License (“GPL”) or GNU Lesser General Public License (“LGPL”). As applicable, the terms o...

161 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Appendix D - GPL Code Statement Preamble The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works. The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By ...

162 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Appendix D - GPL Code Statement Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to avoid the special danger that...

164 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Appendix D - GPL Code Statement 2. Basic Permissions. All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly airms your unlimited permission to run ...

168 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Appendix D - GPL Code Statement 7. Additional Terms. “Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated ...

170 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Appendix D - GPL Code Statement from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10. 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies. You are not...

172 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Appendix D - GPL Code Statement A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are speciically granted under this License. ...

174 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Appendix D - GPL Code Statement 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal efect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely appro...

175 D-Link DIR-505 User Manual Appendix E - Safety Statements Safety Statements CE Mark Warning: This is a Class B product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures. FCC Statement: This equipment has been t...