Sharp EL-9900 - Manual

iv Contents Caring for Your Calculator ............................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1Getting Started .............................................................................................................. 2 Before Use .................

1 Caring for Your Calculator Caring for Your Calculator • Do not carry the calculator around in your back pocket, as it may break when you sit down. The display is made of glass and is par ticularly fragile. • Keep the calculator away from extreme heat such as on a car dashboard or near a heater, an...

2 Chapter 1 Getting Started Before Use 1. Open the battery cover located on the back of the calculator. Pull down the notch, then lift the battery cover up to remove it. 2. Inser t the batteries, as indicated. Make sure that the batteries are inserted in the correct directions. 3. Pull off the insul...

3 Chapter 1: Getting Started Since the display contrast may vary with the ambient temperature and/or remaining battery power, you may want to adjust the contrast accordingly. Here’s how: 1. Press @ , then p . 2. Adjust the contrast by using the + and - keys. + : increases the contrast - : decreases ...

4 Chapter 1: Getting Started Part Names and Functions Main Unit 1 Display screen 2 Power ON/ OFF key 5 Cursor keys 3 Key operation keys 4 Graphing keys

8 Chapter 1: Getting Started Basic Key Operations Since this calculator has more than one function assigned to each key, you will need to follow a few steps to get the function you need. Example • Press “as is” to get the function and number printed on each key. • To access secondary function printe...

9 Chapter 1: Getting Started Changing the Keyboard This calculator is designed with a reversible keyboard, which by utilizing it will not only change the appearance, but will also change the internal functions and configurations of the calculator as well. 1. Press @ o to turn off the calculator’s po...

13 Chapter 2 Operating the GraphingCalculator Basic / Advanced Keyboard This calculator comes equipped with a reversible keyboard to support two different keyboard configurations: Basic and Advanced keyboard. By reversing the keyboard, the calculator switches its set of functions and behaviors as we...

15 Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator 2. Performing standard math calculations By utilizing the + - | and = keys, you can perform the standard arithmetic calculations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Press E to perform each calculation. Example Obtain the answer to “...

17 Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator Editing Entries * See page 26 for details. The calculator has the following two editing modes: equation mode, and one line mode. You can select one from the G EDITOR menu of the SETUP menu. Equation editor One line editor Use ; ' { } to move the cursor...

18 Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator Example Type 4500000, then remove 500. # C 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 ; ; ; B B B Tips: You can jump the cursor to the beginning or the end of line by using the @ and ; ' keys. To learn about how to use the @ key and its functions, refer to the section “Second Func...

19 Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator ALPHA Key Use A to enter an alphabet character. With the Basic keyboard, all 26 alphabet characters from “A” up to “Z”, and space can be typed; the Advanced keyboard has all 26 characters accessible, as well as “ θ ”, “=”, “ : ”, and space. All functio...

20 Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator Math Function Keys Mathematical functions can be called up quickly with the Math Function keys. The Math Function key sets for both the Basic and Advanced Keyboards are designed to suit the needs of calculations at each level. Basic keyboard Advanced k...

24 Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator 5. Type 3 4 . 5 6 7 , 0 ) , and press E . SETUP Menu Use this menu to verify basic configurations, such as to define the calculator’s editing preferences, and scientific and mathematical base units. To check the current configuration of the calculator,...

25 Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator 4. Press # C to clear the Calculation screen, type 1 0 0 0 y , then E . SETUP Menu Items DRG: For trigonometric calculations and coordinate conversions, various angle units can be selected: Deg Angle values to be set in degrees (default for Basic mode)...

27 Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator Notes: Immediately after changing the EDITOR, the calculator will return to the calculation screen and the following data will be cleared. • ENTRY memory • Equations stored in the graph equation window ( Y ) • Equations temporally stored in the SOLVER ...

28 Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator 7) Multiplications between a number and a function in #6 (3cos20, etc. “cos20” is evaluated first) 8) Permutations and combinations (nPr, nCr) 9) × , ÷ 10) + , – 11) and 12) or, xor xnor 13) Equalities and nonequalities (<, ≤ , >, ≥ , ≠ , =, → de...

29 Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator Resetting the Calculator Use the reset when a malfunction occurs, to delete all data, or to set all mode values to the default settings. The resetting can be done by either pressing the reset switch located in the battery compar tment, or by selecting ...

30 Chapter 2: Operating the Graphing Calculator • The message on the right may occasionally appear. In this case, repeat the procedure from step 1 to prevent loss of data. 2. Selecting the RESET within the OPTION menu 1. Press @ , then p . The OPTION menu appears. 2. While in the OPTION menu, press ...

31 Chapter 3 Basic Calculations —Basic Keyboard In this chapter, we explore more features of this calculator using the Basic Keyboard. Features such as fraction to decimal conversion and the quotient-remainder key, as well as basic arithmetic calculations, will be covered in this chapter. Note: To t...

35 Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard ( Enters an open parenthesis. Use with “)” as a pair, or the calcula- tion will result in an error. ) Enters a closing parenthesis; a parenthesis left open will result in an error. Example • Calculate (4 + 6) ÷ 5. ( 4 + 6 ) = 5 E Note: Functions, suc...

42 Chapter 3: Basic Calculations — Basic Keyboard 4. Calculations Using MATH Menu Items The MATH menu contains functions used for more elaborate math concepts, such as trigonometry, logarithms, probability, and math unit/format conversions. The MATH menu items may be incorporated into your expressio...

50 Chapter 4 Basic Graphing Features— Basic Keyboard This chapter takes the knowledge you have gained in Chapter 3 several steps further. Note: To try the examples in this chapter, it is required that the Basic Keyboard is already set up by the user. To learn how to set up the Basic Keyboard, read “...

52 Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard Graph Basics The graph examples in this exercise are called X-Y graphs. An X-Y graph is quite useful for clearly displaying the relationship between two variables. 7. Let’s take a look at the graph. The ver tical axis represents the Y value, whi...

58 Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard • When @ " are pressed on the graph screen, the graph and table are displayed on the same screen. • When @ " are pressed on the equation input screen, the graph and equation are displayed on the same screen. 4. Now the right boundary of ...

63 Chapter 4: Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard f : The graph appearance can be set and verified under this menu. Press @ f to access. A – – – – – – Displays the current FORMAT settings. The default setting is: OFF (for the graph equation to be displayed on the graph) OFF (for displaying nume...

66 Chapter 5 Advanced Calculations —Advanced Keyboard Note: To try the examples in the chapter, it is required that the Advanced Keyboard is already set up by the user. To learn how to set up the Advanced Keyboard, read “Changing the Keyboard” in Chapter 1. 1. Try it! The Mendocino Tree, a coast red...

67 Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard PROCEDURE 1. Since the angle of elevation is measured in degrees, the calculator’s angle setting will need to be matched with that. Press @ ; to bring up the SETUP menu. 2. On the right side of the SETUP menu, the current setup will be displaye...

70 Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard x Raises a preceding value to the power of - 1. If no value is preceded, then the cursor will be placed at the base. _ Enters an a th root of a base. When a value precedes, then the value will be incorporated as the index number. Otherwise, bot...

80 Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard Example • Calculate (3 + 4 i ) × (4 – 6 i ) Note: It is possible to input complex numbers ( i ) in the real number mode, however an error message will return. Functions available for complex number calculations The following function keys are a...

84 Chapter 6 Advanced Graphing Features— Advanced Keyboard In this chapter, some real-life situations are featured. You are encouraged to modify the examples to make your own graph schemes. Note: To try the examples in this chapter, it is required that the Advanced Keyboard is already set up by the ...

87 Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard 2. Graphing Parametric Equations A two-dimensional parametric equation assumes that both X and Y are represented by functions in a third variable T. When set in parametric graphing mode, the calculator automatically sets up the Graph Equat...

89 Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard 4. Graphing Sequences The sequence graph mode can store and simultaneously draw three graph equations u(n) , v(n) , and w(n) . Variables u , v , and w are entered as @ u (or v , w ). Use X to enter the natural number n . A sequence is an o...

102 Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard 10. The DRAW Function With the DRAW function, lines, circles, graphs, and pixel points can be added to the graph window. The DRAW menu also contains configuration tools for the ordinary graphs entered in the Graph Equation Entry window: l...

114 Chapter 6: Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard G SHADE With these sub-menu tools, inequalities, intersections and compliments of multiple graphs can be visualized. 1 SET Sets up the shading area for each graph. Refer to “3. Other Useful Graphing Features” in Chapter 4 of this manual t...

115 Chapter 7 SLIDE SHOW Feature The SLIDE SHOW feature is especially incorporated to help students understand math concepts utilizing the calculator’s graphing capabilities. With this feature, the calculator’s screen images can be captured, organized, and stored. The SLIDE SHOW feature is designed ...

118 Chapter 7: SLIDE SHOW Feature 6. Go down to the last captured image using the } key. 7. Press E to mark the image. 8. Go up to the page 3 using the { key. 9. Press E . The marked image will be inser ted at page 3. 2. The SLIDE SHOW menu This section of the chapter summarizes each item in the SLI...

120 Chapter 8 Matrix Features Within the Matrix features, up to ten different matrices can be entered. To get to the Matrix features, press @ m . Define and edit the matrices within this mode too. 1. Try it! Three equations can be derived as follows, containing three unknown quantities: 3x + 2y + z ...

122 Chapter 8: Matrix Features 10. Press E . The reduced row echelon form of the matrix is displayed. Display Solution 1x + 0y + 0z = x = 9.25 0x + 1y + 0z = y = 4.25 0x + 0y + 1z = z = 2.75 2. Entering and Viewing a Matrix Up to 5 rows by 3 columns of elements can be displayed on the screen. Press ...

123 Chapter 8: Matrix Features 1. Press appropriate number keys to enter numbers at the 1st row and 1st column. The number is displayed at the bottom of the screen. 2. Press E . The cursor moves to the 1st row, 2nd column. 3. Sequentially input the element data. 4. Press # after completion of data i...

124 Chapter 8: Matrix Features 3. Normal Matrix Operations Many calculations can be made between a matrix and a real number or between matrices. Examples of each calculation are as follows: To add or subtract matrices, the dimensions must be the same. Example 1. Press # C . 2. Press @ m A 1 + @ m A ...

125 Chapter 8: Matrix Features 4. Special Matrix Operations This calculator has three Matrix calculation menus: OPE , MATH and [ ] . Examples of each calculation are as follows: Calculations using OPE menus 01 dim( dim( matrix name) Returns the dimensions of the specified matrix. Example • Check the...

129 Chapter 8: Matrix Features Calculations using MATH menus 1 det det matrix name Returns the determinant of a square matrix. The determinant can only be applied to a matrix which has the same row and column dimensions. Example • Give the determinant of matrix A. 2 trans trans matrix name Returns t...

131 Chapter 9 List Features By analyzing years of data, we found that it takes the driver of a car approximately 0.75 seconds to react to a situation before actually applying the brakes. Once the brake pedal is depressed, it takes additional time for the car to come to a complete stop. Here is the e...

133 Chapter 9: List Features 2. Creating a list A list is a series of values enclosed by braces, and is treated as a single value in calculations or an equations. The calculator has 6 storage areas for lists from L1 to L6. You can edit or access lists by pressing @ 1 to 6 (numeric keys from 1 to 6)....

135 Chapter 9: List Features 4. Special List Operations This calculator has three list calculation menus: OPE, MATH and L_DATA. * In the Basic mode, L1 to L6 (list names) can be accessed from the LIST menu. Calculations using the OPE menu functions 1 sortA( sortA( list name) Sor ts lists in ascendin...

139 Chapter 9: List Features Calculations using MATH Menus During the following explanations, the values of lists, L1 and L2 will be assumed to be: L1 = {2, 8, - 4} L2 = { - 3, - 4, - 1} 1 min( min( list) Returns the minimum value in the list. Example • Calculate the minimum value of the list L1. 2 ...

141 Chapter 9: List Features 7 stdDv( stdDv( list [, frequency list]) Returns the standard deviation of the specified list items. Example • Calculate the standard deviation using the list items of list L2. 8 varian( varian( list [, frequency list]) Returns the variance of the specified list items. E...

143 Chapter 9: List Features 2 RclLD RclLD natural number (0-9) Recall the stored group of lists for use. Any current list data (not stored in L_DATA) is overwritten. Example 1. Press @ l and select C 2 . 2. Enter the number to recall and press E . “Done” will appear and the current lists will be ov...

144 Chapter 9: List Features How to edit the list 1. Press S and select A EDIT , then press E . 2. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor to the target cell. 3. Enter the new value and press E . The new value will be stored in the target cell. * The display on the bottom line relates to the cell whe...

149 Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations 8. Move the cursor to GRAPH and press [ . 9. Press B 2 (broken line with cross points). 10. Press G . Now you can compare the difference in web site access counts between Sunday and Monday. Press @ q . 2. Statistics Features 1. STAT menus Pres...

150 Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations 2. Statistical evaluations available under the C CALC menu 1_Stats 1-variable (x) statistical a calculations x _ Mean of sample (x) sx Standard deviation of sample (x) sx = Σ x 2 – nx 2 n – 1 σ x Population standard deviation of sample (x) σ x...

153 Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations 3. Graphing the statistical data Press [ to access the statistical graphing mode. The calculator can plot statistical data on up to 3 types of graph (PLOT1 to PLOT3) to check the state of distribution. The graph types can be selected from hist...

157 Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations 2. Specifying statistical graph and graph functions • Up to three graphs can be plotted per sample data. 1. Press [ . 2. Select from A PLOT1 , B PLOT2 or C PLOT3 and press E to set the statistical graphing specifications. Press @ q before step...

158 Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations 3. • To set the all plotting ON: Press 1 ( 1 PlotON ). • To set the all plotting OFF: Press 2 ( 2 PlotOFF ). * You can control the plotting of PLOT1 to PLOT3 separately by pressing 1 ~ 3 after PlotON (or PlotOFF ). 4. Press E to set. 4. Trace ...

159 Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations 4. Data list operations Descending sor t, ascending sort, changing the list order and deleting the lists can be done in the Operation menu. Press S B OPE to access the data list operations. 1 sortA( sortA( list) Sor ts the list in ascending or...

160 Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations 5. Regression Calculations 1. Press S D REG . The Regression menu is displayed. 01 Med_Med Med_Med (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [, equation name to store]) Finds the regression line using the median-median method. (line...

165 Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations • There are residuals between regression curves and actual values. • The residual list stores these residuals automatically. • The resid list can be found in B REGEQN of the STAT VARS menu ( @ z H E B 0 ). • Use the following key operation to ...

177 Chapter 10: Statistics & Regression Calculations 7. Distribution functions The calculator has distribution features to find statistical calculations. To enter the distribution menu, 1. Press S F (F DISTRI) . The distribution menu will appear. 2. There are 15 options in the distribution menu....

183 Chapter 11 Financial Features The financial calculation features include capabilities for compound interest calcula- tions. Press @ g . The financial menu screen will appear. • Specifies the TVM-SOLVER mode. • Selects a financial calculation function • Specifies payment due (to pay at the beginn...

194 Chapter 12 The SOLVER Feature The SOLVER feature is one of the calculator’s most powerful and distinctive features, and helps you solve math problems with various analysis methods. Using this feature, problems from linear equations to complex formulas can be solved with ease. To access the SOLVE...

200 Chapter 12: The SOLVER Feature 2. Saving/Renaming Equations for Later Use The expressions you have entered in the SOLVER can be named and stored: 1. Go to the SOLVER menu by pressing @ ' . 2. Press C to select the C SAVE menu, and press E . 3. When the next screen appears, ALPHA LOCK mode is aut...

201 Chapter 12: The SOLVER Feature 3. Recalling a Previously Saved Equation To recall a stored SOLVER equation: 1. Go to the SOLVER menu, and press B to select the B EQTN sub-menu. 2. A list of saved equation names appears in the sub- menu. Select the equation you wish to call back. 3. Press E . The...

202 Chapter 13 Programming Features The calculator has programming features that enable automatic processing of a series of calculations any number of times. * The Programming features are only supported by the Advanced mode. In the Basic mode, only the execution of programs is available. Almost all...

206 Chapter 13: Programming Features 3. Variables • Single letters (uppercase letter from A to Z and θ ) can be used as variables. • Defined once in one program, a variable is set as a global variable across all other stored programs unless redefined. Hence results calculated in one program can be u...

207 Chapter 13: Programming Features 5. Programming commands • Print, Input, Wait, Rem, End and other commands can be used in a program. Screen settings, data input/output, graph settings and others can be controlled from a program. • Press P in the program edit mode to input the command. A PRGM men...

209 Chapter 13: Programming Features B BRNCH menu P B See 6. Flow control tools on page 214. C SCRN menu P C C SCRN menu commands are used to display or clear the screen. 1 ClrT ClrT Clears the program text screen without affecting the plotted graph. 2 ClrG ClrG Clears the graph screen without affec...

210 Chapter 13: Programming Features E SETUP menu P E SETUP menu commands are used to set the various settings used in graphing and calculations. 01 Rect Rect Sets the graph coordinates as X and Y coordinates. 02 Param Param Sets the graph coordinates as parametric coordinates. 03 Polar Polar Sets t...

211 Chapter 13: Programming Features 12 FloatPt FloatPt 13 Fix Fix 14 Sci Sci 15 Eng Eng 16 Tab Tab integer (0 to 9) Sets the number display mode to floating point, fixed decimal, scientific and engineering, respectively. 17 Decimal Decimal 18 Mixed Mixed 19 Improp Improp 20 x±yi x±yi 21 r ∠ θ r ∠ θ...

214 Chapter 13: Programming Features 6. Flow control tools The calculator has the common flow control tools such as Goto - Label loop struc- tures, and If-, For- and While-statement clauses for enhancing a program’s efficiency. It also has the capability for subroutines. It is recommended to use If,...

216 Chapter 13: Programming Features Gosub label name ..................... End [Rem start of the subroutine (label name) ] Label label name Statements Return Subroutine structures can be used for programming. • The Gosub label name must be the same as the Label star ting the subroutine. • A Return ...

217 Chapter 13: Programming Features 5. Press P H , select 2 RclLine and press E . The stored line will be inser ted at the targeted position. • Please note that only a single line can be stored in the memory. VARS menu • Functions that control the graph screen can be selected from the VARS menu. • ...

222 Chapter 14 OPTION Menu The calculator is equipped with OPTION menu for adjusting the display contrast, checking memory usage, deleting stored data, transferring data, and resetting the calculator’s memor y. Accessing the OPTION Menu Press @ p . The OPTION Menu will appear. A: Adjusts the display...

228 Appendix 1. Replacing Batteries The calculator uses two different kinds of batteries: manganese (AAA) for unit operation, and lithium (CR2032) for memory backup. Compatible battery types Type (use) Model Quantity Manganese battery AAA 4 (for unit operation) Lithium battery CR2032 1 (for memory b...

231 Appendix 2. Troubleshooting Guide Refer to the list of possible symptoms, and solutions may be found here. The calculator’s power won’t turn on! • The operation batteries may not be installed, may be ex- hausted, or may be inserted incorrectly. Check the operation batteries in the battery compar...

235 Appendix 4. Error Codes and Error Messages Error Code Description Error Message Syntax Syntax error found in equation/program Calculate Calculation-related error found (division by 0, calculationbeyond range, etc.) Nesting Cannot nest more than 14 numerical values, or 32functions during executio...

237 Appendix 5. Error Conditions Relating to Specific Tasks 1. Financial * Define constants “r” and “s” as used in the equation below. r = S = 1 (Pmt_Begin)S = 0 (Pmt_End) ( { } ) ÷ C/Y + 1 – 1 , I (%) 100 C/YP/Y 1. I% calculation 1 If PMT = 0 r = – 1 - ( ) 1n - PV FV 2 If PMT ≠ 0 f (r) = PV + (1 + ...

239 Appendix Calculation result → Xreg Calculation result → Xreg µ : Mean σ : Standard deviation However: Γ (s) = ∫ ∞ 0 x s – 1 e - x dx 2. Error conditions during financial calculations • r ≤ - 1 • N = 0 in PMT calculations • I% = 0 and PMT = 0, or I% ≠ 0 and FV = (1/r) (1 + r × s) × PMT, in N calc...

241 Appendix 6. Calculation Range 1. Arithmetic calculation The results for dividend, multiplicand and operand are: - 1 × 10 100 < x ≤ - 1 × 10 - 99 , 1 × 10 - 99 < x ≤ 1 × 10 100 or x = 0 (valid within the range of display capability) Note: Calculation results and input values less than 1 × 1...

245 Appendix 3. Complex number calculation In a complex number calculation, a calculation error may occur and increase due toinner continuous calculations. Function Calculation range Notes int ÷ remain % → a b/c → b/c List Matrix This is the samewhen the result of alist function speci-fies 1000 or m...

265 Appendix INDEX : (colon) ......................................................... 134, 214 (n-1)-based (Web), sequence ................................ 90 “, PRGM ................................................................ 207 1_Stats, CALC ....................................................

EL-9900 M O D E L EL-9900 GRAPHING CALCULA TOR GRAPHING CALCULATOR OPERATION MANUAL SHARP CORPORATION 02CGK(TINSE0511EHZZ) PRINTED IN CHINA/IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE/IMPRESO EN CHINA ® ®