Page 2 - © 2012 Seagate Technology LLC. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Seagate Technology LLC. All rights reserved. Publication number: 100516225, Rev. E December 2012 Seagate, Seagate Technology and the Wave logo are registered trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC in the United States and/or other countries. Cheetah and SeaTools are either trademarks or registe...
Page 3 - ONTENTS; AC
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E I C ONTENTS S EAGATE ® T ECHNOLOGY S UPPORT S ERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.0 S COPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
Page 5 - SCSI
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E III C ONTENTS 11.1.7 Fibre Channel Process Login Accept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 11.1.8 Fibre Channel fabric login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 11.1.9 Fib...
Page 7 - COPE; This manual describes Seagate Technology
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 2 1.0 S COPE This manual describes Seagate Technology ® LLC, Cheetah ® 15K.7 FC (Fibre Channel) disk drives. Cheetah 15K.7 FC drives support the Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop and SCSI Fibre Channel Protocol specifications to the extent described in this ...
Page 8 - PPLICABLE STANDARDS AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTATION; TANDARDS; Electromagnetic compatibility
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 3 2.0 A PPLICABLE STANDARDS AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTATION The drive has been developed as a system peripheral to the highest standards of design and construction. The drive depends upon its host equipment to provide adequate power and environment in order ...
Page 9 - Electromagnetic compliance; UROPEAN
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 4 2.1.2 Electromagnetic compliance Seagate uses an independent laboratory to confirm compliance with the directives/standards for CE Marking and C-Tick Marking. The drive was tested in a representative system for typical applications. The selected system...
Page 10 - EFERENCE DOCUMENTS
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 5 2.3 R EFERENCE DOCUMENTS ANSI Fibre Channel Documents X3.230-1994 FC Physical and Signaling Interface (FC-PH) X3.297.1997 FC-PH-2 Fibre Channel Physical and Signaling Interface-2 X3.303.1998 FC-PH-3 Fibre Channel Physical and Signaling Interface-3 X3.2...
Page 11 - ENERAL DESCRIPTION; Fibre Channel Interface Manual
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 6 3.0 G ENERAL DESCRIPTION Cheetah 15K.7 FC drives provide high performance, high capacity data storage for a variety of systems including engineering workstations, network servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. Cheetah 15K.7 FC drives support 4-Gbit F...
Page 12 - TANDARD FEATURES
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 7 3.1 S TANDARD FEATURES Cheetah 15K.7 FC drives have the following standard features:• 4-Gbit Fibre Channel interface• Integrated dual port FC-AL controller• Concurrent dual port transfers• Support for FC arbitrated loop, private and public attachment• ...
Page 13 - EDIA DESCRIPTION
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 8 3.2 M EDIA DESCRIPTION The media used on the drive has an aluminum substrate coated with a thin film magnetic material, overcoated with a proprietary protective layer for improved durability and environmental protection. 3.3 P ERFORMANCE • Programmable...
Page 14 - Programmable drive capacity; SCSI Commands Reference Manual
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 9 3.5.1 Programmable drive capacity Using the Mode Select command, the drive can change its capacity to something less than maximum. See the Mode Select Parameter List table in the SCSI Commands Reference Manual . Refer to the Parameter list block descri...
Page 15 - ERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS; NTERNAL DRIVE CHARACTERISTICS; Access time
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 10 4.0 P ERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS This section provides detailed information concerning performance-related characteristics and features of Cheetah 15K.7 FC drives. 4.1 I NTERNAL DRIVE CHARACTERISTICS ST3600057FC ST3450857FC ST3300657FC ST3600957FC ST3...
Page 16 - General performance characteristics; TART
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 11 4.2.2 Format command execution time (minutes) When changing sector sizes, the format times shown below may need to be increased by 30 minutes. Note. There is approximately a 1.5 increase in time to format a SED drive versus a non-SED drive of the same...
Page 17 - REFETCH; Case A; Drive transfers the requested logical blocks to the initiator.; Case B
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 12 4.4 P REFETCH / MULTI - SEGMENTED CACHE CONTROL The drive provides a prefetch (read look-ahead) and multi-segmented cache control algorithms that in many cases can enhance system performance. Cache refers to the drive buffer storage space when it is u...
Page 18 - Caching write data; Table 18 shows the mode default settings for the drive.; Prefetch operation
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 13 4.5.1 Caching write data Write caching is a write operation by the drive that makes use of a drive buffer storage area where the data to be written to the medium is stored while the drive performs the Write command. If read caching is enabled (RCD=0),...
Page 19 - ELIABILITY SPECIFICATIONS; RROR RATES; Recoverable Errors
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 14 5.0 R ELIABILITY SPECIFICATIONS The following reliability specifications assume correct host and drive operational interface, including all interface timings, power supply voltages, environmental requirements and drive mounting constraints. 5.1 E RROR...
Page 20 - ELIABILITY AND SERVICE; Preventive maintenance; No routine scheduled preventive maintenance is required.; Hot plugging the drive
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 15 5.2 R ELIABILITY AND SERVICE You can enhance the reliability of Constellation ES.3 SAS disk drives by ensuring that the drive receives adequate cooling. Section 6.0 provides temperature measurements and other information that may be used to enhance th...
Page 21 - Performance impact; 2 milliseconds
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 16 Controlling S.M.A.R.T. The operating mode of S.M.A.R.T. is controlled by the DEXCPT and PERF bits on the Informational Exceptions Control mode page (1Ch). Use the DEXCPT bit to enable or disable the S.M.A.R.T. feature. Setting the DEXCPT bit disables ...
Page 22 - Thermal monitor; Primary Temperature
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 17 5.2.5 Thermal monitor Cheetah 15K.7 FC drives implement a temperature warning system which:1. Signals the host if the temperature exceeds a value which would threaten the drive. 2. Signals the host if the temperature exceeds a user-specified value. 3....
Page 23 - DST failure definition; Recovered errors will not be reported as diagnostic failures.; Implementation
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 18 5.2.6.1 DST failure definition The drive will present a “diagnostic failed” condition through the self-tests results value of the diagnostic log page if a functional failure is encountered during DST. The channel and servo parameters are not modified ...
Page 24 - Log page entries; The Self-Test Results Value field is set to Fh; Abort
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 19 The anticipated length of the Extended test is reported through the Control Mode page. 5.2.6.2.4 Log page entries When the drive begins DST, it creates a new entry in the Self-test Results Log page. The new entry is created by inserting a new self-tes...
Page 25 - HYSICAL; DC; POWER REQUIREMENTS; Table 2
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 20 6.0 P HYSICAL / ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS This section provides information relating to the physical and electrical characteristics of the drive. 6.1 AC POWER REQUIREMENTS None. 6.2 DC POWER REQUIREMENTS The voltage and current requirements for a sing...
Page 26 - Table 4
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 21 [1] Measured with average reading DC ammeter. Instantaneous +12V current peaks will exceed these values. Power sup- ply at nominal voltage. N (number of drives tested) = 6, 35 Degrees C ambient. [2] For +12 V, a –10% tolerance is allowed during initia...
Page 27 - Power sequencing; The +12V and +5V current profiles are shown in the following figures.
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 22 6.2.2 Power sequencing The drive does not require power sequencing. The drive protects against inadvertent writing during power-up and down. 6.2.3 Current profiles The +12V and +5V current profiles are shown in the following figures. Note: All times a...
Page 29 - OWER DISSIPATION
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 24 6.3 P OWER DISSIPATION 600GB model Typical power dissipation under idle conditions in 4 Gbit operation is 11.58 watts (39.52 BTUs per hour). To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figur...
Page 31 - NVIRONMENTAL LIMITS; Temperature; Locations of the HDA temperature check point; Relative humidity
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 26 6.4 E NVIRONMENTAL LIMITS Temperature and humidity values experienced by the drive must be such that condensation does not occur on any drive part. Altitude and atmospheric pressure specifications are referenced to a standard day at 58.7°F (14.8°C). M...
Page 32 - Shock and vibration; b. Operating—abnormal; ACKAGE SIZE; Any
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 27 6.4.4 Shock and vibration Shock and vibration limits specified in this document are measured directly on the drive chassis. If the drive is installed in an enclosure to which the stated shock and/or vibration criteria is applied, resonances may occur ...
Page 33 - Recommended mounting
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 28 Z Y X Z Y X Figure 8. Recommended mounting
Page 34 - Vibration; Acoustics
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 29 6.4.4.2 Vibration a. Operating—normal The drive as installed for normal operation, shall comply with the complete specified performance while subjected to continuous vibration not exceeding10 – 300 Hz 1.0 G RMS (0 to peak) 301– 500 Hz 0.5 G RMS (0 to ...
Page 35 - ECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS; Inches; Dimension Table; Millimeters; Mounting configuration dimensions
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 30 6.5 M ECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS Refer to Figure 9 for detailed physical dimensions. See Section 10.4, “Drive mounting.”” S -Z- T // J H L B K [1] F [1] D E -Z- Mounting holes are 6-32 UNC 2B, three on each side and four on the bottom. Max screw penetra...
Page 36 - BOUT; FIPS; Purpose; Security Level 2; Example of FIPS tamper evidence labels.; Image is for reference only, may not represent actual drive.
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 31 7.0 A BOUT FIPS The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140-2 is a U.S. Government Computer Security Standard used to accredit cryptographic modules. It is titled 'Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules (FIPS PUB 140-2)...
Page 37 - BOUT SELF; ATA ENCRYPTION; Admin SP; ANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 32 8.0 A BOUT SELF - ENCRYPTING DRIVES Self-encrypting drives (SEDs) offer encryption and security services for the protection of stored data, commonly known as “protection of data at rest.” These drives are compliant with the Trusted Computing Group (TC...
Page 38 - The download file must be signed and authenticated.
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 33 8.4 D RIVE LOCKING In addition to changing the passwords, as described in Section 8.2.3, the owner should also set the data access controls for the individual bands. The variable "LockOnReset" should be set to "PowerCycle" to ensure th...
Page 39 - EFECT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT; RIVE INTERNAL DEFECTS
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 34 9.0 D EFECT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT Seagate continues to use innovative technologies to manage defects and errors. These technologies are designed to increase data integrity, perform drive self-maintenance, and validate proper drive operation. SCSI defec...
Page 40 - SYSTEM ERRORS; Table 5; LBA
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 35 [1] These values are subject to change. Setting these retry counts to a value below the default setting could result in an increased unrecovered error rate which may exceed the value given in this product manual. A setting of zero (0) will result in t...
Page 42 - NSTALLATION; no cables are required.; Air flow
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 37 10.0 I NSTALLATION Cheetah 15K.7 FC disk drive installation is a plug-and-play process. There are no jumpers, switches, or terminators on the drive. Simply plug the drive into the host’s 40-pin Fibre Channel backpanel connector (FC-SCA) — no cables ar...
Page 43 - RIVE MOUNTING
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 38 10.4 D RIVE MOUNTING Mount the drive using the bottom or side mounting holes. If you mount the drive using the bottom holes, ensure that you do not physically distort the drive by attempting to mount it on a stiff, non-flat surface. The allowable moun...
Page 44 - NTERFACE REQUIREMENTS; Table 6; YPE OF FRAME; Basic link service frames
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 39 11.0 I NTERFACE REQUIREMENTS This section partially describes the interface requirements as implemented on Cheetah 15K.7 FC drives. Additional information is provided in the Fibre Channel Interface Manual (part number 100293070). 11.1 FC-AL FEATURES T...
Page 45 - Fibre Channel task management functions; Table 7; ASK NAME; Table 8; UNCTION NAME
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 40 11.1.2 Fibre Channel task management functions Table 7 lists the Fibre Channel SCSI Fibre Channel Protocol (FC SCSI FCP) task management functions supported. 11.1.3 Fibre Channel task management responses Table 8 lists the FC SCSI FCP response codes r...
Page 46 - Table 9
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 41 11.1.4 Fibre Channel port login Table 9 identifies the required content of the N_Port Login (PLOGI) payload from an initiator. Table 9 N_Port login (PLOGI) payload B YTES 0-15 03 00 00 00 09 09 BB BB CF XX FS FS XX XX XX XX Common 16-31 XX XX XX XX PN...
Page 47 - Table 10 identifies the N_Port Login access payload values.; CC
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 42 11.1.5 Fibre Channel port login accept Table 10 identifies the N_Port Login access payload values. 11.1.6 Fibre Channel Process Login Table 11 lists the process login payload data. XXIndicates fields that are not used. Table 10 N_Port Login Accept (AC...
Page 48 - Fibre Channel Process Login Accept; Table 12 lists Cheetah 15K.7 FC process login accept payload data.; Table 12 Process Login Accept (ACC) payload
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 43 11.1.7 Fibre Channel Process Login Accept Table 12 lists Cheetah 15K.7 FC process login accept payload data. 11.1.8 Fibre Channel fabric login Table 13 lists the fabric login payload from the drive. Table 12 Process Login Accept (ACC) payload B YTES 0...
Page 49 - Table 14 Fabric Login Accept (ACC) payload
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 44 11.1.9 Fibre Channel fabric accept login Table 14 lists the required content of the Fabric Login Accept (ACC) payload from the fabric. Table 14 Fabric Login Accept (ACC) payload B YTES 0-15 02 00 00 00 09 09 BB BB CF XX FS FS R_ A_ T0 V_ Common 16-31 ...
Page 50 - 0 Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop options; UAL PORT SUPPORT; Table 15 FC-AL options supported; PTION
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 45 11.1.10 Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop options Table 15 lists the FC-AL options supported by Cheetah 15K.7 FC drives. 11.2 D UAL PORT SUPPORT Cheetah 15K.7 FC drives have two independent FC-AL ports. These ports may be connected on independent loops or...
Page 51 - COMMANDS SUPPORTED; Table 16 Supported commands; Command name
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 46 11.3 SCSI COMMANDS SUPPORTED Table 16 lists the SCSI commands supported by Cheetah 15K.7 FC drives. Table 16 Supported commands Command code Supported (Y/N) [4] Command name Executable state of standard SCSI commands in the presence of LBA banding (ap...
Page 55 - Fibre Channel; PP 50 = Inquiry data for an Inquiry command received on Port A.
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 50 11.3.1 Inquiry data Table 17 lists the Inquiry command data that the drive should return to the initiator per the format given in the Fibre Channel Interface Manual . * Copyright year (changes with actual year). ** SCSI Revision support. Refer to the ...
Page 60 - ISCELLANEOUS OPERATING FEATURES AND CONDITIONS; Table 21 Miscellaneous features; Table 22 Miscellaneous status; UPPORTED
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 55 11.4 M ISCELLANEOUS OPERATING FEATURES AND CONDITIONS Table 21 lists various features and conditions. A “Y” in the support column indicates the feature or condition is supported. An “N” in the support column indicates the feature or condition is not s...
Page 61 - PHYSICAL INTERFACE; Physical interface; This section defines physical interface connector.; Port bypass circuit physical interconnect; J1 interface connector
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 56 11.5 FC-AL PHYSICAL INTERFACE Figure 12 shows the location of the J1 Fibre Channel single connection attachment (FC-SCA). Figure 14 provides the dimensions of the FC-SCA connector. Details of the physical, electrical, and logical characteristics are p...
Page 62 - Table 23 Recommended mating SCA part numbers; ART DESCRIPTION; Berg; With polarization; Methode; With polarization; Molex; With polarization; FC-AL SCA device connector dimensions
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 57 11.5.2 Connector requirements Table 23 Recommended mating SCA part numbers P ART DESCRIPTION P OSITIONS P ART NUMBER F EATURES AMP Vertical (SCA sequence) 40 787317-1 With polarization Berg 40 71781 With polarization Methode 40 512-220-91-101N With po...
Page 63 - Table 24 FC-SCA pin descriptions; IGNAL NAME; *Short pins in mating backpanel connector.
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 58 11.5.4 Pin descriptions This section provides a pin-out of the FC-SCA and a description of the functions provided by the pins. Table 24 FC-SCA pin descriptions P I N S IGNAL NAME S IGNAL TYPE P IN S IGNAL NAME S IGNAL TYPE 1* -EN bypass port A Low Vol...
Page 64 - FC-AL transmitters and receivers
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 59 11.5.5 FC-AL transmitters and receivers A typical FC-AL differential copper transmitter and receiver pair is shown in Figure 15. The receiver is required to provide the AC coupling to eliminate ground shift noise. Figure 15. FC-AL transmitters and rec...
Page 65 - Table 25 Active LED Out conditions; ORMAL COMMAND ACTIVITY; LED; STATUS
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 60 11.5.8 Active LED Out The Active LED Out signal is driven by the drive as indicated in Table 25. The Active LED Out signal is designed to pull down the cathode of an LED. The anode is attached to the proper +5 volt supply through an appropriate curren...
Page 66 - Table 26 Motor start control signals; ASE
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 61 11.5.10 Motor start controls The drive’s motor is started according to the Start_1 and Start_2 signals described in Table 26. The state of these signals can be wired into the backplane socket or driven by logic on the backplane. 11.5.11 SEL_6 through ...
Page 67 - Table 27 AL_PA values
Table 27 AL_PA values AL_PA (hex) SEL ID (hex) Setting (dec) AL_PA (hex) SEL ID (hex) Setting (dec) AL_PA (hex) SEL ID (hex) Setting (dec) EF 00 00 A3 2B 43 4D 56 86 E8 01 01 9F 2C 44 4C 57 87 E4 02 02 9E 2D 45 4B 58 88 E2 03 03 9D 2E 46 4A 59 89 E1 04 04 9B 2F 47 49 5A 90 E0 05 05 98 30 48 47 5B 91...
Page 68 - Table 28 Device control code values; EFINITION; Reserved for power failure warning.; TATE; Input high
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 63 11.5.12 Device control codes The drive inputs a Device Control Code on the DEV_CTRL_CODE lines at power up to determine the link rate on the Fibre Channel ports. Both ports run at the same rate. If the backpanel does not connect to these lines, the dr...
Page 69 - Transmit eye diagram; Table 30 LED drive signal; Table 31 FC Differential output characteristics; Bit Time
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 64 11.6.2 LED driver signals Fault and Active LED signals are located in the FC-SCA connector (J1). See Table 30 for the output characteristics of the LED drive signals. 11.6.3 FC Differential output The serial output signal voltage characteristics are p...
Page 70 - Receive eye diagram; Table 33 Eye diagram data values; INK RATE; Table 32 FC Differential input characteristics; ESCRIPTION; Vin
C HEETAH 15K.7 FC P RODUCT M ANUAL , R EV . E 65 11.6.4 FC Differential input The serial input signal voltage characteristics are provided in Table 32. Figure 17 provides the data valid eye diagram for typical and minimum requirements to recover data at the specified interface error rate. The inputs...
Page 71 - Numerics; NDEX
Cheetah 15K.7 FC Product Manual, Rev. E 66 Numerics 12 volt pins 59 3rd party reserve command 49 5 volt pins 59 A Abort Sequence (ABTS) 39 abort task set function 40 AC coupling 59 AC power requirements 20 ACA active status 55 ACA active, faulted initiator status 55 Accept (ACC) 39 acoustics 29 acti...
Page 76 - See also
Cheetah 15K.7 FC Product Manual, Rev. E 71 standard feature 7 Self-Encrypting Drive (SED) Users Guide 2 self-encrypting drives 32 Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology 8 , 15 Send diagnostics page command 47 Sequential delivery 41 , 44 Service Options 44 Service options 41 Set limits com...
Page 77 - Seagate Technology LLC
Seagate Technology LLC AMERICAS Seagate Technology LLC 10200 South De Anza Boulevard, Cupertino, California 95014, United States, 408-658-1000 ASIA/PACIFIC Seagate Singapore International Headquarters Pte. Ltd. 7000 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5, Singapore 569877, 65-6485-3888EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA Se...
