Page 2 - Contents
D-31 June 2002 i Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Electronic Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Page 4 - Introduction; Definitions
D-31 June 2002 1 Introduction Photographic film remains an important documentary material. The increasing quantity and value of microfilm records used in financial institutions, libraries, government offices, and industrial firms have focused attention on the care of such records to make certain tha...
Page 5 - Electronic Imaging
2 D-31 June 2002 Emulsion layer(s)—image or image-forming layer(s) of photographic films, papers, and plates. Film base—the plastic support for the emulsion and backing layers. Halation—halo or ghost around the desired image on a photographic emulsion. (This is caused by the reflection of rays of li...
Page 6 - Record Classification; Storage Hazards and Protection; Fire Protection
D-31 June 2002 3 Scanner—a device that electro-optically converts a document into a series of pixels by detecting and measuring the intensity of light reflected or transmitted. When initially captured, each pixel is a level of brightness (gray or color), initially an analog quantity, but potentially...
Page 7 - Storage Vaults; Cabinets and Safes; Effects of High Temperatures
4 D-31 June 2002 Storage Vaults The highest degree of protection for a large number of records is afforded by a fireproof storage vault or record room. It should be located and constructed in accordance with the local building code, Fire Underwriters’ Regulations, and the requirements of the Nationa...
Page 8 - Water Protection; High Humidity
D-31 June 2002 5 Water Protection Film records should be protected from possible water damage, such as from leaks, fire-sprinkler discharge, and flooding. If possible, storage facilities should be located above basement levels. Storage cabinets should be raised so that the lowest shelf or drawer is ...
Page 9 - Molecular Sieves
6 D-31 June 2002 Very low humidities have, in the past, caused film to be brittle. However, film of current manufacture has not been found to exhibit brittleness or breaking tendencies under normal handling, even at relative humidities as low as 15%. Old film that is found to be brittle at low humid...
Page 10 - Humidity Control; Air Conditioning; Moisture-Tight Containers
D-31 June 2002 7 Humidity Control Control of relative humidity is required for preservation of permanent records. Air Conditioning Properly controlled air conditioning of the storage area is definitely recommended for the optimum long-term preservation of permanent records. The air should be filtere...
Page 11 - Humidification; Fungus Growth
8 D-31 June 2002 Humidification Humidification is not necessary or desirable unless the prevailing relative humidity is under 15%—under 30% for polyester-base films—for long periods of time and unless the film is used frequently and physical troubles are encountered. Neither water trays nor saturate...
Page 13 - Composition of Enclosure Materials; Paper; Theft Protection
10 D-31 June 2002 Composition of Enclosure Materials Paper Paper should be made from rag, bleached sulfite or bleached kraft pulp with an alpha-cellulose content greater than 87%. It should be free from highly lignified fibres, such as ground wood, as determined by the phloroglucinol spot test. For ...
Page 14 - Processing for Permanence; Fixing Baths; Washing
D-31 June 2002 11 Processing for Permanence Silver-Gelatin Films Processing is one of the most important factors affecting the potential permanence of photographic records. The removal of residual processing chemicals, the exclusion of dirt contamination, and uniform drying are factors normally cont...
Page 15 - Washing Aids; Residual Hypo Test; Residual Silver Compound Test; Protective Coatings
12 D-31 June 2002 Squeegees It is important to use an adequate squeegee where the film leaves the water wash and enters the drying section. Otherwise, residual water droplets will dry and form visible surface defects and, in some cases, cause physical sticking of the film laps. In wound-up rolls, th...
Page 16 - Processing of Other Film Types; Diazo Films; Special Storage and Hazards; Underground Storage; Effects of Nuclear Explosions
D-31 June 2002 13 Processing of Other Film Types Thermally Processed Silver (TPS) This film should be processed in accordance with the manufacturers’ recommendations for optimum image stability. ANSI/PIMA IT9.19-1994 and ISO-18919-1999 24 give specifications for stability of TPS films. Diazo Films T...
Page 17 - Interfiling
14 D-31 June 2002 Time-Capsule Storage Only silver-gelatin films conforming to ANSI/PIMA IT9.1-1998 2 or ISO 18901-1999 should be used for time capsules or sealed in cornerstones of buildings. Film intended for this kind of storage should be conditioned to a low relative humidity (20-30% is recommen...
Page 19 - Table 2: Storage Life of Microfilms; Anticipated Storage Life
16 D-31 June 2002 Table 2: Storage Life of Microfilms NOTES: (1) Expressed as thiosulfate ion. (2) Specific limits have not been set—the recommended washing should be satisfactory. (3) Dehumidification may be necessary even though automatic air conditioning is not practical. Film/Type/Parameter Anti...
Page 21 - References and Bibliography
18 D-31 June 2002 References and Bibliography 1. American National Standard: “Technical Report— Glossary of Document Technologies,” ANSI/AIIM TR2-1998. 2. American National Standard: “Imaging Materials— Processed Silver-Gelatin Type Black and White Film—Specifications for Stability,” ANSI/PIMAIT9.1-...
