IBM SG24-5131-00 - Manuals

vi IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 8.1.1 The clstat Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1528.1.2 Monitoring Clusters using HAView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1528.1.3 Cluster Log Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

vii 9.3 VSDs - RVSDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 9.3.1 Virtual Shared Disk (VSDs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1909.3.2 Recoverable Virtual Shared Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 9.4 SP Switch a...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 ix F i g u r e s 1. Basic SSA Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2. Hot-Standby Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3. Mutual Takeover Configuration . . . . . . ...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 xi Ta b l es 1. AIX Version 4 HACMP Installation and Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. AIX Version 4 HACMP System Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. Hardware Requirements for the Different HACMP Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

xiii Pr e f a ce The AIX and RS/6000 Certifications offered through the Professional Certification Program from IBM are designed to validate the skills required of technical professionals who work in the powerful and often complex environments of AIX and RS/6000. A complete set of professional certi...

xiv IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP • AIX parameters that are affected by an HACMP installation, and their correct settings • The cluster and resource configuration process, including how to choose the best resource configuration for a customer requirement • Customization of the standard HAC...

xv POWERparallel Systems area, known as the SP1 at that time. In 1997 he began working on HACMP as the Service Groups for HACMP and RS/6000 SP merged into one. He holds a diploma in Computer Science from the University of Frankfurt in Germany. This is his first redbook. Reinhard Zettler is an AIX So...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 1 C h a p t e r 1 . C e r t i f i ca t i o n O ve r vi e w This chapter provides an overview of the skill requirements for obtaining an IBM Certified Specialist - AIX HACMP certification. The following chapters are designed to provide a comprehensive review of specific top...

2 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 1 . 2 C e r t i f i c a t i o n E x a m O b j e c t i v e s The following objectives were used as a basis for what is required when the certification exam was developed. Some of these topics have been regrouped to provide better organization when discussed i...

Certification Overview 3 • Create an application server. • Set up Event Notification. • Set up event notification and pre/post event scripts. • Set up error notification. • Post Configuration Activities. • Configure a client notification and ARP update. • Implement a test plan. • Create a snapshot. ...

4 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 1 . 3 C e r t i f i c a t i o n E d u c a t i o n C o u r s e s Courses and publications are offered to help you prepare for the certification tests. These courses are recommended, but not required, before taking a certification test. At the printing of this...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 7 C h a p t e r 2 . C l u s t e r P l a n n i n g The area of cluster planning is a large one. Not only does it include planning for the types of hardware (CPUs, networks, disks) to be used in the cluster, but it also includes other aspects. These include resource planning...

8 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP RISC System/6000 models as nodes in an HACMP 4.1 for AIX, HACMP 4.2 for AIX, or HACMP 4.3 for AIX cluster. Table 3. Hardware Requirements for the Different HACMP Versions 1 AIX 4.3.2 required For a detailed description of system models supported by HACMP/600...

Cluster Planning 9 Much of the decision centers around the following areas: • Processor capacity • Application requirements • Anticipated growth requirements • I/O slot requirements These paradigms are certainly not new ones, and are also important considerations when choosing a processor for a sing...

10 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP Your slot configuration must also allow for the disk I/O adapters you need to support the cluster’s shared disk (volume group) configuration. If you intend to use disk mirroring for shared volume groups, which is strongly recommended, then you will need to ...

Cluster Planning 11 2 . 2 C l u s t e r N e t wo r k s HACMP differentiates between two major types of networks: TCP/IP networks and non-TCP/IP networks. HACMP utilizes both of them for exchanging heartbeats. HACMP uses these heartbeats to diagnose failures in the cluster. Non-TCP/IP networks are us...

12 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP • FDDI • SP Switch • SLIP • SOCC • Token-Ring As an independent, layered component of AIX, the HACMP for AIX software works with most TCP/IP-based networks. HACMP for AIX has been tested with standard Ethernet interfaces (en*) but not with IEEE 802.3 Ethern...

Cluster Planning 13 Network types also differentiate themselves in the maximum distance they allow between adapters, and in the maximum number of adapters allowed on a physical network. • Ethernet supports 10 and 100 Mbps currently, and supports hardware address swapping. Alternate hardware addresse...

14 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP • SP Switch is a high-speed packet switching network, running on the RS/6000 SP system only. It runs bidirectionally up to 80 MBps, which adds up to 160 MBps of capacity per adapter. This is node-to-node communication and can be done in parallel between eve...

Cluster Planning 15 2 . 2 . 2 . 2 S p e ci a l C o n si d e r a t i o n s As for TCP/IP networks, there are a number of restrictions on non-TCP/IP networks. These are explained for the three different types in more detail below. Serial (RS232) A serial (RS232) network needs at least one available se...

16 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 2 a PCI Multiport Async Card is required in an S7X model, no native ports 3 only one serial port available for customer use, i.e. HACMP In case the number of native serial ports doesn’t match your HACMP cluster configuration needs, you can extend it by addi...

Cluster Planning 17 SSA subsystems are built up from loops of adapters and disks. A simple example is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Basic SSA Configuration Here, a single adapter controls one SSA loop of eight disks. Data can be transferred around the loop, in either direction, at 20 MBps. Consequent...

22 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 2 . 3 . 1 . 4 R A I D v s . N o n - R A I D R A I D Te ch n o l o g y RAID is an acronym for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. Disk arrays are groups of disk drives that work together to achieve higher data-transfer and I/O rates than those provided by ...

Cluster Planning 23 R A I D L e v e l s 2 a n d 3 RAID 2 and RAID 3 are parallel process array mechanisms, where all drives in the array operate in unison. Similar to data striping, information to be written to disk is split into chunks (a fixed amount of data), and each chunk is written out to the ...

24 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP As with RAID 3, in the event of disk failure, the information can be rebuilt from the remaining drives. RAID level 5 array also uses parity information, though it is still important to make regular backups of the data in the array. RAID level 5 stripes data...

26 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 2 . 3 . 2 S C S I D i s k s After the announcement of the 7133 SSA Disk Subsystems, the SCSI Disk subsystems became less common in HACMP clusters. However, the 7135 RAIDiant Array (Model 110 and 210) and other SCSI Subsystems are still in use at many custom...

Cluster Planning 27 • Enhanced SCSI-2 Differential Fast/Wide Adapter/A (MCA, FC: 2412, Adapter Label: 4-C); not usable with 7135-110 • SCSI-2 Fast/Wide Differential Adapter (PCI, FC: 6209, Adapter Label: 4-B) • DE Ultra SCSI Adapter (PCI, FC: 6207, Adapter Label: 4-L); not usable with 7135-110 2 . 3...

28 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP withdraw the 7135 RAIDiant Systems from marketing because it is equally possible to configure RAID on the SSA Subsystems. 2 . 4 R e s o u r c e P l a n n i n g HACMP provides a highly available environment by identifying a set of cluster-wide resources esse...

Cluster Planning 29 • Cascading • Rotating • Concurrent Each of these types describes a different set of relationships between nodes in the cluster, and a different set of behaviors upon nodes entering and leaving the cluster. Cascading Resource Groups: All nodes in a cascading resource group are as...

30 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP reintegration, a node remains as a standby and does not take back any of the resources that it had initially served. Concurrent Resource Groups: A concurrent resource group may be shared simultaneously by multiple nodes. The resources that can be part of a ...

Cluster Planning 31 Figure 2. Hot-Standby Configuration In this configuration, there is one cascading resource group consisting of the four disks, hdisk1 to hdisk4, and their constituent volume groups and file systems. Node 1 has a priority of 1 for this resource group while node 2 has a priority of...

32 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP the cluster becomes a standby node. You must choose a rotating standby configuration if you do not want a break in service during reintegration. Since takeover nodes continue providing services until they have to leave the cluster, you should configure your...

Cluster Planning 33 When a failed node reintegrates into the cluster, it takes back the resource group for which it has the highest priority. Therefore, even in this configuration, there is a break in service during reintegration. Of course, if you look at it from the point of view of performance, t...

34 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP Here the resource groups are the same as the ones in the mutual takeover configuration. Also, similar to the previous configuration, nodes 1 and 2 each have priorities of 1 for one of the resource groups, A or B. The only thing different in this configurati...

Cluster Planning 35 • Design the network topology • Define a network mask for your site • Define IP addresses (adapter identifiers) for each node’s service and standby adapters. • Define a boot address for each service adapter that can be taken over, if you are using IP address takeover or rotating ...

36 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP D u a l N et w o r k A dual-network setup has two separate networks for communication. Nodes are connected to two networks, and each node has two service adapters available to clients. If one network fails, the remaining network can still function, connecti...

Cluster Planning 37 The following diagram shows a cluster consisting of two nodes and a client. A single public network connects the nodes and the client, and the nodes are linked point-to-point by a private high-speed SOCC connection that provides an alternate path for cluster and lock traffic shou...

38 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP SLIP are considered public networks. Note that a SLIP line, however, does not provide client access. Private A private network provides communication between nodes only; it typically does not allow client access. An SOCC line or an ATM network are also priv...

Cluster Planning 39 until it assumes the shared IP address. Consequently, Clinfo makes known the boot address for this adapter. In an HACMP for AIX environment on the RS/6000 SP, the SP Ethernet adapters can be configured as service adapters but should not be configured for IP address takeover. For ...

40 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP service label (address) instead of the boot label. If the node should fail, a takeover node acquires the failed node’s service address on its standby adapter, thus making the failure transparent to clients using that specific service address. During the rei...

Cluster Planning 41 If you do not use Hardware Address Takeover, the ARP cache of clients can be updated by adding the clients’ IP addresses to the PING_CLIENT_LIST variable in the /usr/sbin/cluster/etc/clinfo.rc file. 2 . 4 . 4 N F S E x p o r t s a n d N F S M o u n t s There are two items concern...

42 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP application on the takeover node when a fallover occurs. For more information about creating application server resources, see the HACMP for AIX, Version 4.3: Installation Guide , SC23-4278. 2 . 5 . 1 P e r f o r m a n c e R e q u i r e m e n t s In order t...

Cluster Planning 43 2 . 5 . 3 L i c e n s i n g M e t h o d s Some vendors require a unique license for each processor that runs an application, which means that you must license-protect the application by incorporating processor-specific information into the application when it is installed. As a r...

44 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 2 . 6 C u s t o m i z a t i o n P l a n n i n g The Cluster Manager ’s ability to recognize a specific series of events and subevents permits a very flexible customization scheme. The HACMP for AIX software provides an event customization facility that allo...

Cluster Planning 45 event to inform system administrators that traffic may have to be rerouted. Afterwards, you can use a network_up notification event to inform system administrators that traffic can again be serviced through the restored network. 2. 6.1 . 3 P r ed ic t i v e E v en t E r ro r Co r...

Cluster Planning 47 The above example screen will add a Notification Method to the ODM, so that upon appearance of the HPS_FAULT9_ER entry in the error log, the error notification daemon will trigger the execution of the /usr/sbin/cluster/utilities/clstop -grsy command, which shuts HACMP down gracef...

48 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 2 . 7 U s e r I D P l a n n i n g The following sections describe various aspects of User ID Planning. 2 . 7 . 1 C l u s t e r U s e r a n d G r o u p I D s One of the basic tasks any system administrator must perform is setting up user accounts and groups....

Cluster Planning 49 2 . 7 . 2 C l u s t e r P a s s w o r d s While user and group management is very much facilitated with C-SPOC, the password information still has to be distributed by some other means. If the system is not configured to use NIS or DCE, the system administrator still has to distr...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 51 C h a p t e r 3 . C l u s t e r H a r d w ar e a n d S o f t w a re Pr e p a ra t i o n This chapter covers the steps that are required to prepare the RS/6000 hardware and AIX software for the installation of HACMP and the configuration of the cluster. This includes con...

52 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP mirroring rootvg in order to avoid the impact of the failover time involved in a node failure. In terms of maximizing availability, this technique is just as valid for increasing the availability of a cluster as it is for increasing single-system availabili...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 53 mirrored. If the dump devices are NOT the paging device, that dump logical volume will not be mirrored. 3. 1. 2 . 1 P r o ce d u reThe following steps assume the user has rootvg contained on hdisk0 and is attempting to mirror the rootvg to a new disk: hdi...

54 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP “-m” option. You should consult documentation on the usage of the “-m” option for mklvcopy . 4. Synchronize the newly created mirrors with the following command: 5. Bosboot to initialize all boot records and devices by executing the following command: where...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 55 3. 1. 2 . 2 N ec es sar y A PA R F i xe s Table 11. Necessary APAR Fixes To determine if either fix is installed on a machine, execute the following: 3 . 1 . 3 A I X P r e r e q u i s i t e L P P s In order to install HACMP and HACMP/ES the AIX setup must...

56 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP • nv6000.database.obj 4.1.0.0 • nv6000.Features.obj 4.1.2.0 • nv6000.client.obj 4.1.0.0 and for HAView 4.3 • xlC.rte 3.1.4.0 • nv6000.base.obj 4.1.2.0 • nv6000.database.obj 4.1.2.0 • nv6000.Features.obj 4.1.2.0 • nv6000.client.obj 4.1.2.0 3 . 1 . 4 A I X P ...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 57 and low-water marks. If a process tries to write to a file at the high-water mark, it must wait until enough I/O operations have finished to make the low-water mark. Use the smit chgsys fastpath to set high- and low-water marks on the Change/Show Characte...

58 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 3. 1. 4 . 3 E d i t i n g t h e / e t c/ h o s t s F i l e a n d N a m es er ve r C o n f i g u ra t i o nMake sure all nodes can resolve all cluster addresses. See the chapter on planning TCP/IP networks (the section Using HACMP with NIS and DNS) in the HA...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 59 3 . 1 . 4 . 5 E d i t i n g t h e / . r h o s t s F i l e Make sure that each node’s service adapters and boot addresses are listed in the /.rhosts file on each cluster node. Doing so allows the /usr/sbin/cluster/utilities/clruncmd command and the /usr/sb...

60 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 3 . 2 N e t w o r k C o n n e c t i o n a n d Te s t i n g The following sections describe important aspects of network connection and testing. 3 . 2 . 1 T C P / I P N e t w o r k s Since there are several types of TCP/IP Networks available within HACMP, th...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 61 . Figure 9. Connecting Networks to a Hub 3. 2. 1 . 2 I P A d d r es se s a n d S u b n e t sThe design of the HACMP for AIX software specifies that: • All client traffic be carried over the service adapter • Standby adapters be hidden from client applicat...

62 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP To comply with these rules, pay careful attention to the IP addresses you assign to standby adapters. Standby adapters must be on a separate subnet from the service adapters, even though they are on the same physical network. Placing standby adapters on a d...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 63 • Scan the /tmp/hacmp.out file to confirm that the /etc/rc.net script has run successfully. Look for a zero exit status. • If IP address takeover is enabled, confirm that the /etc/rc.net script has run and that the service adapter is on its service addres...

64 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP TMSSA Target-mode SSA is only supported with the SSA Multi-Initiator RAID Adapters (Feature #6215 and #6219), Microcode Level 1801 or later. You need at least HACMP Version 4.2.2 with APAR IX75718. 3. 2. 2 . 2 C o n f i g u r i n g R S2 32Use the smit tty f...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 65 3. 2. 2 . 4 C o n f i g u r i n g Ta rg e t M o d e SS AThe node number on each system needs to be changed from the default of zero to a number. All systems on the SSA loop must have a unique node number. To change the node number use the following comman...

66 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP cat /etc/environment > /dev/tmssay.im on the corresponding node for writing. x and y correspond to the appropriate opposite nodenumber. You should see the first command hanging until the second command is issued, and then showing its output. Target Mode ...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 67 For more information regarding adapters and cabling rules see 2.3.1, “SSA Disks” on page 16 or the following documents: • 7133 SSA Disk Subsystems: Service Guide, SY33-0185-02 • 7133 SSA Disk Subsystem: Operator Guide, GA33-3259-01 • 7133 Models 010 and 0...

68 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP A d a p t er D e f in it i o n s By issuing the following command, you can check the correct adapter configuration. In order to work correctly, the adapter must be in the “Available” state: The third column in the adapter device line shows the location of t...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 69 SSA physical disks: • Are configured as pdisk0, pdisk1,...,pdiskN. • Have errors logged against them in the system error log. • Support a character special file (/dev/pdisk0, /dev/pdisk1,...,/dev/p.diskN). • Support the IOCTLl subroutine for servicing and...

70 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP Configuration Verification This option enables you to display the relationships between physical (pdisk) and logical (hdisk) disks. Format Disk This option enables you to format SSA disk drives. Certify Disk This option enables you to test whether data on a...

72 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 18.To confirm that the upgrade was a success, type lscfg -vl pdiskX where X is 0,1... for all SSA disks. Check the ROS Level line to see that each disk has the appropriate microcode level (for the correct microcode level see the above mentioned web-site). 3...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 73 3. 3.2 . 1 C ab l i n gThe following sections describe important information about cabling. S C S I A d ap t er s A overview of SCSI adapters that can be used on a shared SCSI bus is given in 2.3.2.3, “Supported SCSI Adapters” on page 26. For the necessar...

76 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP T T T T 6 bit) 6 (16-bit) #2416 (16- #2424 6-bit) 6 (16-bit ) #2426 #2416 (16-b #2416 (16-bit) #2426 Maximum total cable length: 25m

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 77 Figure 11. 7135-110 RAIDiant Arrays Connected on Two Shared 16-Bit SCSI Buses 3. 3. 2 . 3 A d ap t e r S C S I I D an d Ter m i n a t i o n c h an g eThe SCSI-2 Differential Controller is used to connect to 8-bit disk devices on a shared bus. The SCSI-2 D...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 79 The ID of an SCSI adapter, by default, is 7. Since each device on an SCSI bus must have a unique ID, the ID of at least one of the adapters on a shared SCSI bus has to be changed. The procedure to change the ID of an SCSI-2 Differential Controller is: 1. ...

80 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 4. Reboot the machine to bring the change into effect. The same task can be executed from the command line by entering: Also with this method, a reboot is required to bring the change into effect. The procedure to change the ID of an SCSI-2 Differential Fas...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 81 The command line version of this is: As in the case of the SCSI-2 Differential Controller, a system reboot is required to bring the change into effect. The maximum length of the bus, including any internal cabling in disk subsystems, is limited to 19 mete...

82 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 3 . 4 . 1 C r e a t i n g S h a r e d V G s The following sections contain information about creating non-concurrent VGs and VGs for concurrent access. 3. 4. 1 . 1 C re at i n g N o n - C o n cu r re n t V G sThis section covers how to create a shared volum...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 83 C r ea t i n g a C o n c u r re n t A c ce ss Vo l u m e G r o u p o n S e ri al D i s kS u b sy st em s To use a concurrent access volume group, defined on a serial disk subsystem such as an IBM 7133 disk subsystem, you must create it as a concurrent-cap...

84 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP Use the smit mkvg fastpath to create a shared volume group. Use the default field values unless your site has other requirements, or unless you are specifically instructed otherwise. Table 15. smit mkvg Options (Concurrent, RAID) 3 . 4 . 2 C r e a t i n g S...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 85 the journaled file system log (jfslog) is a logical volume that requires a unique name in the cluster. To make sure that logical volumes have unique names, rename the logical volume associated with the file system and the corresponding jfslog logical volu...

86 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP That is, you enter this command for each disk. In the resulting display, locate the line for the logical volume for which you just added copies. For copies placed on separate disks, the numbers in the logical partitions column and the physical partitions co...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 87 The TaskGuide uses a graphical interface to guide you through the steps of adding nodes to an existing volume group. For more information on the TaskGuide, see 3.4.6, “Alternate Method - TaskGuide” on page 90. Importing the volume group onto the destinati...

88 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 3. 4. 4 . 4 Va ry i n g O f f t h e Vo l u m e G ro u p o n t h e D e st i n a t i o n N o d esUse the varyoffvg command to deactivate the shared volume group so that it can be imported onto another destination node or activated as appropriate by the cluste...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 89 command succeeds. If exactly half the copies are available, as with two of four, quorum is not achieved and the varyonvg command fails. 3. 4. 5 . 2 Q u o r u m af t er Va ry O nIf a write to a physical volume fails, the VGSAs on the other physical volumes...

90 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP F o rc in g a Va ry o n A volume group with quorum disabled and one or more physical volumes unavailable can be “forced” to vary on by using the -f flag with the varyonvg command. Forcing a varyon with missing disk resources can cause unpredictable results,...

Cluster Hardware and Software Preparation 91 conflict with the cluster ’s configuration. Online help panels give additional information to aid in each step. 3 . 4 . 6 . 1 Ta s k G u i d e R e q u i r em e n t sBefore starting the TaskGuide, make sure: • You have a configured HACMP cluster in place. ...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 93 C h a p t e r 4 . H A C M P I n s t a ll a t i o n a n d C l u s t e r D e f i n i t i o n This chapter describes issues concerning the actual installation of HACMP Version 4.3 and the definition of a cluster and its resources. It concentrates on the HACMP part of the i...

HACMP Installation and Cluster Definition 95 • cluster.vsm The Visual Systems Management Fileset contains Icons and bitmaps for the graphical Management of HACMP Resources, as well as the xhacmpm command: cluster.vsm HACMP X11 Dependent • cluster.haview This fileset contains the files for including ...

96 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP This fileset contains the Application Heart Beat Daemon, Oracle Parallel Server is an application that makes use of it: cluster.hc.rte Application Heart Beat Daemon The installation of CRM requires the following software: bos.rte.lvm.usr.4.3.2.0 AIX Run-tim...

HACMP Installation and Cluster Definition 97 HACMP software to HACMP for AIX, Version 4.3. The comments on upgrading the Operating System are not included. If you are already running AIX 4.3, see the special note at the end of this section. 4. 1. 2 . 1 U p g ra d i n g fr o m Ver si o n 4 . 1. 0 t h...

98 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP I n s t a l l H A C M P 4 .3 f o r A I X o n N o d e A 5. After upgrading AIX and verifying that the disks are correctly configured, install the HACMP 4.3 for AIX software on Node A. For a short description of the filesets, please refer to 4.1.1, “First Tim...

HACMP Installation and Cluster Definition 99 file on Node A using the following command: /usr/sbin/cluster/utilities/cllsif -x >> /.rhosts This command will append information to the /.rhosts file instead of overwriting it. Then, you can ftp this file to the other nodes as necessary. 12.Verify...

100 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 2. If you wish to save your cluster configuration, see the chapter Saving and Restoring Cluster Configurations in the HACMP for AIX, Version 4.3: Administration Guide, SC23-4279. 3. Commit your current HACMP for AIX software on all nodes. 4. Shut down one ...

HACMP Installation and Cluster Definition 101 • The network modules You define the cluster topology by entering information about each component into HACMP-specific ODM classes. You enter the HACMP ODM data by using the HACMP SMIT interface or the VSM utility xhacmpm . The xhacmpm utility is an X Wi...

102 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP A d d i n g o r C h a n g i n g a N o d e N am e a f t er t h e I n i ti al C o n f i g u ra t i o n If you want to add or change a node name after the initial configuration, use the Change/Show Cluster Node Name screen. See the chapter on changing the clu...

HACMP Installation and Cluster Definition 103 Network Name Enter an ASCII text string that identifies the network. The network name can include alphabetic and numeric characters and underscores. Use no more than 31 characters. The network name is arbitrary, but must be used consistently for adapters...

104 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP Adapter Identifier Enter the IP address in dotted decimal format or a device file name. IP address information is required for non-serial network adapters only if the node’s address cannot be obtained from the domain name server or the local /etc/hosts fil...

HACMP Installation and Cluster Definition 105 A d d i n g o r C h a n g i n g A d ap te rs a f t er t h e I n i t i al C o n f i g u r at i o n If you want to change the information about an adapter after the initial configuration, use the Change/Show an Adapter screen. See the chapter on changing t...

106 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP • SLIP • SP Switch • ATM It is highly unlikely that you will add or remove a network module. For information about changing a characteristic of a Network Module, such as the failure detection rate, see the chapter on changing the cluster topology in the HA...

HACMP Installation and Cluster Definition 107 configuration. If the cluster manager is active on some other cluster nodes but not on the local node, the synchronization operation is aborted. Before attempting to synchronize a cluster configuration, ensure that all nodes are powered on, that the HACM...

108 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 4 . 3 D e f i n i n g R e s o u r c e s The HACMP for AIX software provides a highly available environment by identifying a set of cluster-wide resources essential to uninterrupted processing, and then by defining relationships among nodes that ensure thes...

HACMP Installation and Cluster Definition 109 4. 3. 1 . 1 C o n f i g u r i n g R es o u rc es f o r R e so u r ce G r o u p sOnce you have defined resource groups, you further configure them by assigning cluster resources to one resource group or another. You can configure resource groups even if a...

110 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP These settings also have to be synchronized throughout the cluster. Therefore Synchronize Cluster Resources has to be chosen from the corresponding SMIT Menu. If the Cluster Manager is running on the local node, synchronizing cluster resources triggers a d...

HACMP Installation and Cluster Definition 111 as the path locations for start and stop scripts for the application. These scripts have to be in the same location on every service node. Just as for pre- and post-events, these scripts can be adapted to specific nodes. They don’t need to be equal in co...

112 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 4 . 4 . 2 I n i t i a l S t a r t u p At this point in time, the cluster is not yet started. So the cluster manager has to be started first. To check whether the cluster manager is up, you can either look for the process with the ps command: ps -ef | grep ...

HACMP Installation and Cluster Definition 113 For cascading resource groups the failed node is going to reaquire its resources, once it is up and running again. So, you have to restart HACMP on it through smitty clstart and check again for the logfile, as well as the clusters status. Further and mor...

114 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP Essentially, a snapshot saves all the ODM classes HACMP has generated during its configuration. It does not save user customized scripts, such as start or stop scripts for an application server. However, the location and names of these scripts are in an HA...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 117 C h a p t e r 5 . C l u s t e r C u s t o m i z a t i o n Within an HACMP for AIX cluster, there are several things that are customizable. The following paragraphs explain the customizing features for events, error notification, network modules and topology services. 5...

Cluster Customization 119 event occurs only after a node_up_remote event has successfully completed. S e q ue n c e o f n o d e _ d o w n E v e n t s node_down This event occurs when a node intentionally leaves the cluster or fails. Depending on whether the exiting node is local or remote, this even...

120 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP node_down_local_completeInstructs the Cluster Manager to exit when the local node has left the cluster. This event occurs only after a node_down_local event has successfully completed. node_down_remote_completeStarts takeover application servers. This even...

Cluster Customization 121 no actions since appropriate actions depend on the local network configuration. 5. 1.1 . 3 N et w o r k A d ap t e r Ev en t sswap_adapter This event occurs when the service adapter on a node fails. The swap_adapter event exchanges or swaps the IP addresses of the service a...

122 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP reconfig_resource_completeThis event indicates that a cluster resource dynamic reconfiguration has completed. 5 . 1 . 2 P r e - a n d P o s t - E v e n t P r o c e s s i n g To tailor event processing to your environment, specify commands or user-defined s...

Cluster Customization 123 For example, a file system cannot be unmounted, because of a process running on it. Then, you might want to kill that process first, before unmounting the file system, in order to get the event script done. Now, since the event script didn’t succeed in its first run, the Re...

124 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP Each time an error is logged in the system error log, the error notification daemon determines if the error log entry matches the selection criteria. If it does, an executable is run. This executable, called a notify method , can range from a simple comman...

Cluster Customization 125 The failure rate of networks varies, depending on their characteristics. For example, for an Ethernet, the normal failure detection rate is two keepalives per second; fast is about four per second; slow is about one per second. For an HPS network, because no network traffic...

126 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP To prevent problems with NFS file systems in an HACMP cluster, make sure that each shared volume group has the same major number on all nodes. The lvlstmajor command lists the free major numbers on a node. Use this command on each node to find a major numb...

Cluster Customization 127 Figure 14. NFS Cross Mounts When Node A fails, Node B uses the cl_nfskill utility to close open files in Node A:/afs, unmounts it, mounts it locally, and re-exports it to waiting clients. After takeover, Node B has: /bfs locally mounted /bfs nfs-exported /afs locally mounte...

128 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP • Ensure that node name and the service adapter label are the same on each node in the clusteror • Alias the node name to the service adapter label in the /etc/hosts file. 5 . 4 . 5 C r o s s M o u n t e d N F S F i l e S y s t e m s a n d t h e N e t w o ...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 131 C h a p t e r 6 . C l u s t e r Tes t i n g Before you start to test the HACMP configuration, you need to guarantee that your cluster nodes are in a stable state. Check the state of the: • Devices • System parameters • Processes • Network adapters • LVM • Cluster • Oth...

132 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 6 . 1 . 2 S y s t e m P a r a m e t e r s • Type date on all nodes to check that all the nodes in the cluster are running with their clocks on the same time. • Ensure that the number of user licenses has been correctly set (lslicense ). • Check high water ...

134 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP • Verify the cluster configuration by running /usr/sbin/cluster/diag/clconfig -v ’-tr’ . • To show cluster configuration, run: /usr/sbin/cluster/utilities/cllscf . • To show the clstrmgr version, type: snmpinfo -m dump -o /usr/sbin/cluster/hacmp.defs clstr...

Cluster Testing 135 • Use ifconfig to swap the service address back to the original service interface back ( ifconfig en1 down ). This will cause the service IP address to failover back to the service adapter on NodeF. 6. 2. 1 . 2 E t h er n e t o r To ke n R i n g A d a p t er o r C a b l e F a i l...

Cluster Testing 137 • Verify that all sharedvg file systems and paging spaces are accessible ( df -k and lsps -a ). 6 . 2 . 2 N o d e F a i l u r e / R e i n t e g r a t i o n The following sections deal with issues of node failure and reintegration. 6 . 2 . 2 . 1 A I X C r a s hPerform the followin...

138 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP • Verify that failover has occurred ( netstat -i and ping for networks, lsvg -o and vi of a test file for volume groups, and ps -U <appuid > for application processes). • Power cycle NodeF. If HACMP is not configured to start from /etc/inittab (on re...

Cluster Testing 141 • Monitor cluster logfiles on NodeT if HACMP has been customized to monitor 7133 disk failures. • Since the 7133 disk is hot pluggable, remove a disk from drawer 1 associated with NodeF's shared volume group. • The failure of the 7133 disk will be detected in the error log ( errp...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 143 C h a p t e r 7 . C l u s t e r Tr o u b l e s h o o t i n g Typically, a functioning HACMP cluster requires minimal intervention. If a problem occurs, however, diagnostic and recovery skills are essential. Thus, troubleshooting requires that you identify the problem q...

144 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP For a more detailed description of the cluster log files consult Chapter 2 of the HACMP for AIX, Version 4.3: Troubleshooting Guide , SC23-4280. 7 . 2 c o n f i g _ t o o _ l o n g If the cluster manager recognizes a state change in the cluster, it acts up...

Cluster Troubleshooting 145 hang. After a certain amount of time, by default 360 seconds, the cluster manager will issue a config_too_long message into the /tmp/hacmp.out file. The message issued looks like this: The cluster has been in reconfiguration too long;Something may be wrong. In most cases,...

146 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 7.3.1 Tuning the System Using I/O Pacing Use I/O pacing to tune the system so that system resources are distributed more equitably during large disk writes. Enabling I/O pacing is required for an HACMP cluster to behave correctly during large disk writes, ...

Cluster Troubleshooting 147 7 . 3 . 4 C h a n g i n g t h e F a i l u r e D e t e c t i o n R a t e Use the SMIT Change/Show a Cluster Network Module screen to change the failure detection rate for your network module only if enabling I/O pacing or extending the syncd frequency did not resolve deadm...

148 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP and control messages so that the Cluster Manager has accurate information about the status of its partner. When a cluster becomes partitioned, and the network problem is cleared after the point when takeover processing has begun so that keepalive packets s...

Cluster Troubleshooting 149 7 . 6 U s e r I D P r o b l e m s Within an HACMP cluster, you always have more than one node potentially offering the same service to a specific user or a specific user id. As the node providing the service can change, the system administrator has to ensure that the same...

150 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP • Go from the simple to the complex. Make the simple tests first. Do not try anything complex and complicated until you have ruled out the simple and obvious. • Do not make more than one change at a time. If you do, and one of the changes corrects the prob...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 151 C h a p t e r 8 . C l u s t e r M a n a g e m e n t a n d A d mi n i s t r a t io n This chapter covers all aspects of monitoring and managing an existing HACMP cluster. This includes a description of the different monitoring methods and tools available, how to start a...

152 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP Consult the HACMP for AIX, Version 4.3: Troubleshooting Guide , SC23-4280, for help if you detect a problem with an HACMP cluster. 8 . 1 . 1 T h e c l s t a t C o m m a n d HACMP for AIX provides the /usr/sbin/cluster/clstat command for monitoring a cluste...

Cluster Management and Administration 153 More details on how to configure HAView and on how to monitor your cluster with HAView can be found in Chapter 3, “Monitoring an HACMP cluster” in HACMP for AIX, Version 4.3: Administration Guide , SC23-4279. 8 . 1 . 3 C l u s t e r L o g F i l e s HACMP for...

154 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 8 . 1 . 3 . 5 / t m p / c m . l o g Contains timestamped, formatted messages generated by HACMP for AIX clstrmgr activity. This file is typically used by IBM support personnel. 8 . 1 . 3 . 6 / t m p / c s p o c . l o gContains timestamped, formatted messag...

156 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 8. 2. 1 . 4 C l u st e r I n f o r m at i o n P ro g r am d ae m o n ( cl i n f o )This daemon provides status information about the cluster to cluster nodes and clients and invokes the /usr/sbin/cluster/etc/clinfo.rc script in response to a cluster event....

Cluster Management and Administration 157 are started in sequential order - not in parallel. The output of the command run on the remote node is returned to the originating node. Because the command is executed remotely, there can be a delay before the command output is returned. 8 . 2 . 2 . 1 A u t...

158 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP node. Because the command is executed remotely, there can be a delay before the command output is returned. 8. 2.3 . 1 W h e n t o S t o p C l u s te r se rv ic esYou typically stop cluster services in the following situations: • Before making any hardware...

Cluster Management and Administration 159 prevents unpredictable behavior from corrupting the data on the shared disks. See the clexit.rc man page for additional information. 8 . 2 . 4 S t a r t i n g a n d S t o p p i n g C l u s t e r S e r v i c e s o n C l i e n t s Use the /usr/sbin/cluster/etc...

160 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 8 . 3 R e p l a c i n g F a i l e d C o m p o n e n t s From time to time, it will be necessary to perform hardware maintenance or upgrades on cluster components. Some replacements or upgrades can be performed while the cluster is operative, while others r...

Cluster Management and Administration 161 • The new adapter must be of the same type or a compatible type as the replaced adapter. • When replacing or adding an SCSI adapter, remove the resistors for shared buses. Furthermore, set the SCSI ID of the adapter to a value different than 7. 8 . 3 . 3 D i...

Cluster Management and Administration 163 8 . 4 C h a n g i n g S h a r e d LV M C o m p o n e n t s Changes to VG constructs are probably the most frequent kind of changes to be performed in a cluster. As a system administrator of an HACMP for AIX cluster, you may be called upon to perform any of t...

Cluster Management and Administration 165 Lazy Update has some limitations, which you need to consider when you rely on Lazy Update in general: • If the first disk in a sharedvg has been replaced, the importvg command will fail as Lazy Update expects to be able to match the hdisk number for the firs...

Cluster Management and Administration 167 To use the SMIT shortcuts to C-SPOC, type smit cl_lvm or smit cl_conlvm for concurrent volume groups. Concurrent volume groups must be varied on in concurrent mode to perform tasks. 8 . 4 . 4 Ta s k G u i d e The TaskGuide is a graphical interface that simpl...

168 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP To change the nodes associated with a given resource group, or to change the priorities assigned to the nodes in a resource group chain, you must redefine the resource group. You must also redefine the resource group if you add or change a resource assigne...

Cluster Management and Administration 169 • If the Cluster Manager is active on the local node, synchronization triggers a cluster-wide, dynamic reconfiguration event. In dynamic reconfiguration, the configuration data stored in the DCD is updated on each cluster node, and, in addition, the new ODM ...

170 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 8. 5. 3 . 1 R es o u rc e M i g r at i o n Ty p esBefore performing a resource migration, decide if you will declare the migration sticky or non-sticky . S ti ck y R es o u rc e Mi g ra t io n A sticky migration permanently attaches a resource group to a s...

Cluster Management and Administration 171 INACTIVE_TAKEOVER flag set to false and has not yet started because its primary node is down. In general, however, only rotating resource groups should be migrated in a non-sticky manner. Such migrations are one-time events and occur similar to normal rotati...

172 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP If you do not include a location specifier in the location field, the DARE Resource Migration utility performs a default migration, again making the resources available for reacquisition. S to p L o ca t i o n The second special location keyword, stop , ca...

Cluster Management and Administration 173 Note that you cannot add nodes to the resource group list with the DARE Resource Migration utility. This task is performed through SMIT. S to p p i n g R es o u rc e G ro u p s If the location field of a migration contains the keyword stop instead of an actu...

174 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP Be aware that persistent sticky location markers are saved and restored in cluster snapshots. You can use the clfindres command to find out if sticky markers are present in a resource group. If you want to remove sticky location markers while the cluster i...

Cluster Management and Administration 175 5. Restart the HACMP for AIX software on the node using the smit clstart fastpath and verify that the node successfully joined the cluster. 6. Repeat Steps 1 through 5 on the remaining cluster nodes. Figure 15 below shows the procedure: Figure 15. Applying a...

176 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP • Cluster nodes should be running the same HACMP maintenance levels. There might be incompatibilities between various maintenance levels of HACMP, so you must ensure that consistent levels are maintained across all cluster nodes. The cluster must be taken ...

Cluster Management and Administration 177 8. 7. 1 . 1 H o w t o d o a s p l i t -m i r ro r b a ck u pThis same procedure can be used with just one mirrored copy of a logical volume. If you remove a mirrored copy of a logical volume (and file system), and then create a new logical volume (and file s...

178 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 9. After the backup is complete and verified, unmount and delete the new file system and the logical volume you used for it. 10.Use the mklvcopy command to add back the logical volume copy you previously split off to the fslv logical volume. 11. Resynchron...

Cluster Management and Administration 179 they don’t match, the user won’t get anything done after a failover happened. So, the administrator has to keep definitions equal throughout the cluster. Fortunately, the C-SPOC utility, as of HACMP Version 4.3 and later, does this for you. When you create a...

180 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP To add a user on one or more nodes in a cluster, you can either use the AIX mkuser command in a rsh to one clusternode after the other, or use the C-SPOC cl_mkuser command or the Add a User to the Cluster SMIT screen. The cl_mkuser command calls the AIX mk...

Cluster Management and Administration 181 To remove a user account from one or more cluster nodes, you can either use the AIX rmuser command on one cluster node after the other, or use the C-SPOC cl_rmuser command or the C-SPOC Remove a User from the Cluster SMIT screen. The cl_rmuser command execut...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 183 C h a p t e r 9 . S p ec i al R S / 60 00 SP To p i c s This chapter will introduce you to some special topics that only apply if you are running HACMP on the SP system. 9 . 1 H i g h Av a i l a b i l i t y C o n t r o l Wo r k s t a t i o n ( H A C W S ) If you are th...

184 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP need to have the frame supervisors support dual tty lines in order to get both control workstations connected at the same time. Contact your IBM representative for the neccessary hardware (see Figure 16 on page 184). Both the tty network and the RS/6000 SP...

Special RS/6000 SP Topics 185 The backup cws has to be installed with the same level of AIX and PSSP. Depending on the kerberos configuration of the primary cws, the backup cws has to be configured either as a secondary authentication server for the authentication realm of your RS/6000 SP when the p...

186 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP ordinary HACMP cluster, as it is described in Chapter 7 of the HACMP for AIX, Version 4.3: Installation Guide , SC23-4278. Now the cluster environment has to be configured. Define a cluster ID and name for your HACWS cluster and define the two nodes to HAC...

Special RS/6000 SP Topics 187 After that, identify the HACWS event scripts to HACMP by executing the /usr/sbin/hacws/spcw_addevents command, and verify the configuration with the /usr/sbin/hacws/hacws_verify command. You should also check the cabling from the backup cws with the /usr/sbin/hacws/spcw...

188 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP The following is simply a shortened description on how kerberos works. For more details, the redbook Inside the RS/6000 SP , SG24-5145, covers the subject in much more detail. When dealing with authentication and Kerberos, three entities are involved: the ...

Special RS/6000 SP Topics 189 allow the clients to get service tickets to be used with other servers without the need to give them the password every time they request services. So, given a user has a ticket-granting ticket, if a user requests a kerberized service, he has to get a service ticket for...

Special RS/6000 SP Topics 191 With reference to Figure 17 above, imagine two nodes, Node X and Node Y, running the same application. The nodes are connected by the switch and have locally-attached disks. On Node X’s disk resides a volume group containing the raw logical volume lv_X. Similarly, Node ...

192 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP The VSDs in this scenario are mapped to the raw logical volumes lv_X and lv_Y. Node X is a client of Node Y’s VSD, and vice versa. Node X is also a direct client of its own VSD (lv_X), and Node Y is a direct client of VSD lv_Y. VSD configuration is flexibl...

Special RS/6000 SP Topics 193 impact of servicing a local I/O request through VSD relative to the normal VMM/LVM pathway is very small. IBM supports any IP network for VSD, but we recommend the switch for performance. VSD provides distributed data access, but not a locking mechanism to preserve data...

Special RS/6000 SP Topics 195 9 . 4 S P S w i t c h a s a n H A C M P N e t w o r k One of the fascinating things with an RS/6000 SP is the switch network. It has developed over time; so, currently there are two types of switches at customer sites. The “older” HPS or HiPS switch (High Performance Sw...

196 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 9 . 4 . 2 E p r i m a r y M a n a g e m e n t The SP switch has an internal primary backup concept, where the primary node, known as the Eprimary, is backed up automatically by a backup node. So, in case any serious failure happens on the primary, it will ...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 199 C h a p t e r 1 0. H A C M P C l a s s ic v s . H A C M P / E S v s . H A N F S So, why would you prefer to install one version of HACMP instead of another? This chapter summarizes the differences between them, to give you an idea in which situation one or the other be...

200 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP handling membership and event management by using heartbeats. On the SP, the original High Availability infrastructure was built on this technology, and HACMP/ES Version 4.3. is now another instance relying on it. As of AIX 4.3.2 and PSSP 3.1, the High Ava...

HACMP Classic vs. HACMP/ES vs. HANFS 201 See Part 4 of HACMP for AIX, Version 4.3: Enhanced Scalability Installation and Administration Guide , SC23-4284, for more information on these services. 1 0 . 2 . 2 E n h a n c e d C l u s t e r S e c u r i t y With HACMP Version 4.3 comes an option to switc...

202 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP 1 0 . 4 S i m i l a r i t i e s a n d D i f f e r e n c e s All three products have the basic structure in common. They all use the same concepts and structures. So, a cluster or a network, in the HACMP context, is the same, no matter what product is being...

HACMP Classic vs. HACMP/ES vs. HANFS 203 For switchless RS/6000 SP systems or SPs with the newer SP Switch, the decision will be based on a more functional level. Event Management is much more flexible in HACMP/ES, since you can define custom events. These events can act on anything that haemd can d...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 205 Appendix A. Special Notices This publication is intended to help System Administrators, System Engineers and other System Professionals to pass the IBM HACMP Certification Exam. The information in this publication is not intended as the specification for any of the fol...

206 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP been reviewed by IBM for accuracy in a specific situation, there is no guarantee that the same or similar results will be obtained elsewhere. Customers attempting to adapt these techniques to their own environments do so at their own risk. Any pointers in ...

Special Notices 207 Java and HotJava are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Incorporated. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows 95 logo are trademarksor registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. PC Direct is a trademark of Ziff Communications Company and is usedby IBM Corporation under ...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 209 Appendix B. Related Publications The publications listed in this section are considered particularly suitable for a more detailed discussion of the topics covered in this redbook. B.1 International Technical Support Organization Publications For information on ordering...

210 IBM Certification Study Guide AIX HACMP B.3 Other Publications These publications are also relevant as additional sources of information: • IBM RS/6000 SP: Planning, Volume 2, Control Workstation and Software Environment , GA22-7281 • IBM PSSP for AIX: Installation and Migration Guide , GA22-734...

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© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 215 L i s t o f A b b r e v i a t i o n s AIX Advanced Interactive Executive APA All Points Addressable APAR Authorized Program Analysis Report The description of a problem to be fixed by IBM defect support. This fix is delivered in a PTF (see below). ARP Address Resolutio...

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