IBM s/390 - Manuals

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2001 vii Preface A ThinkPad Enabled for S/390, generally known as a ThinkPad/EFS system, is the smallest S/390 currently available, and is intended for development and demonstration purposes. It is based on an IBM ThinkPad running Linux, and the S/390 emulation product FLEX-ES....

viii S/39 0 PID: Thin kPad Enabled for S/390 IBM trademarks The following terms are trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries: Comments welcome Your comments are impor tant to us! We want our IBM Redbooks to be as helpful as possible. S...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2001 1 Chapter 1. Introduction Netfinity/EFS and ThinkPad/EFS systems are entry-level S/390 products. Implementation, involving underlying PC Server (or ThinkPad) hardware and S/390 emulation software, differs considerably from earlier machines. The EFS por tion of the name is ...

2 S/390 PID: Th inkPad Enabled for S/390 1.1 Purpose of this redbook This IBM Redbook introduces ThinkPad/EFS systems and describes the installation process for a particular configuration of these systems. The configuration used is the base configuration selected by IBM’s S/390 Par tners in Developm...

Chapter 1. Introduction 3 No “real” S/390 hardware is required, although there are options to attach parallel and ESCON channel devices. 4 No special adapter cards or other hardware is needed for basic S/390 emulation. The emulated S/390 runs as a Linux process, in the vir tual memory provided by Li...

4 S/390 PID: Th inkPad Enabled for S/390 1.2.2 Linux In order to provide well-tested S/390 operation, a single Linux distribution was chosen as the ThinkPad base software. This is Red Hat 7.1 Linux. Other versions and distributions of Linux might work, but only ThinkPad/EFS machines running on this ...

Chapter 1. Introduction 5 This table is intended only as a starting point for positioning a ThinkPad/EFS system and needs a number of qualifications: 򐂰 The relative CPU performance numbers shown are rough indications of processor performance. Total system performance is dependent on many other facto...

6 S/390 PID: Th inkPad Enabled for S/390 򐂰 It should probably have the integrated Ethernet adapter, and possibly a second (PCMCIA) Ethernet adapter or a PCMCIA token ring adapter (depending on your requirements). ThinkPad models change frequently and the above requirements may need to be adjusted to...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2001 7 Chapter 2. System and Linux installation ThinkPad/EFS installation, with Linux, is much simpler than installation of other EFS platforms. There are three primary reasons for this: 򐂰 The appropriate ThinkPad models can be used “out of the box.” We are unaware of any requi...

8 S/390 PID: Th inkPad Enabled for S/390 򐂰 A raw disk (or several raw disks) is required for each S/390 DASD volume being emulated. For example, if an OS/390 system requires 15 3390 volumes (for the system and user volumes), then FLEX-ES would need at least 15 raw disks in UnixWare. 򐂰 A raw disk has...

Chapter 2. System and Linux installation 9 2.2 ThinkPad Before installing Linux, we installed all our ThinkPad options: additional memory, internal Ethernet por t, the CD-ROM drive, and a 32 GB disk drive 6 in the standard disk position. We did not install our Ethernet PCMCIA card at this time. (In ...

10 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 We selected a completely arbitrary size, 150 MB, for a Linux swap par tition. In the light of later experience, this could probably be smaller. However, it is a small fraction of our available space and appeared to be a safe choice. The Red Hat documentatio...

Chapter 2. System and Linux installation 13 After the installation outlined above, you should be able to log into the system and ping another host on your subnet. 10 If the gateway IP system you specified is functional, you may be able to access remote hosts. You will note, however, that other syste...

16 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 3.1 FLEX-ES This redbook concentrates on the use of FLEX-ES with a ThinkPad running Linux. Fur thermore, we describe a par ticular ThinkPad/EFS configuration used as a star ting point for IBM’s S/390 Par tners in Development (PID) organization. This configu...

Chapter 3. FLEX-ES and OS/390 installation 17 Figure 3-1 Conceptual view of FLEX-ES system Key points include: 򐂰 FLEX-ES is a software product. 2 All the hardware shown (in Figure 3-1) is standard ThinkPad hardware. 򐂰 The FLEX-ES program, running under Linux on the ThinkPad’s PC processor, emulates ...

Chapter 3. FLEX-ES and OS/390 installation 19 3.1.2 Installation FLEX-ES can be delivered a number of ways: 򐂰 FTP over the Internet 򐂰 CD-ROM 򐂰 Diskettes 򐂰 Preinstalled by a business partner The FLEX-ES package for ThinkPads is not large (about 3.5 MB), and an FTP download is easy, even over a typica...

20 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 # vi /usr/flexes/.bash_profile USERNAME=”flexes”PATH=$PATH:/usr/flexes/bin <=== add this line export USERNAME BASH_ENV PATH Adding /usr/flexes/bin (where all the FLEX-ES executables are located) to PATH makes operation easier. Installing the FLEX-ES lice...

22 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 The AD CD-ROM systems, as the name implies, are distributed on CD-ROMs. This aspect is not common to other OS/390 packaging, but does not affect the characteristics of the system once it is installed. The CD-ROMs are not seen by the S/390; they are processe...

Chapter 3. FLEX-ES and OS/390 installation 23 The AWSCKD format was developed for P/390s where the underlying operating system used to emulate CKD drives is OS/2. OS/2 is a 32-bit operating system and has the usual restriction that a single file cannot be larger than 2 GB. An AWSCKD-emulated 3390-3 ...

24 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 The Linux file names shown in the table are not par t of the AD system. Rather, they are the names we decided to use when installing these devices on our ThinkPad/EFS system. They are shown here for completeness. A impor tant factor in our setup is to have ...

Chapter 3. FLEX-ES and OS/390 installation 25 The ckdconvaws command converts the AWSCKD format to the FLEX-ES format, and writes to the Linux file indicated. 12 The volume being unzipped is a 3390-3 (and we must tell the ckdconvaws program this). The second operand, /s390/OS39RA, is the target loca...

26 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 Files unzip in wrong order Unzipping one of the 3390-3 volumes (OS3RA9) for the OS/390 R9 AD system produces the two files in reverse order. (The R10 system did not have this problem.) In OS/2 terms, it unzips OS3RA9_2.A81 and then OS3RA9_1.A81. For an OS/2...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2001 27 Chapter 4. FLEX-ES Operation Installing and running a ThinkPad/EFS system requires a number of steps, some of which have already been described: 򐂰 Install the system hardware (described in “ThinkPad” on page 9). 򐂰 Install Linux as the server operating system (described ...

28 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 4.1 FLEX-ES system and resource definitions Before the newly installed/restored OS/390 system can be used, we must define the hardware and system resources to the FLEX-ES Resource Administrator. Appendix A, “FLEX-ES definition listings” on page 69 shows the...

Chapter 4. FLEX-ES Operation 31 Terminal Solicitor Star ting the resource manager, resadm , automatically starts the FLEX-ES Terminal Solicitor. In order to connect to the FLEX-ES Terminal Solicitor, we connect a TN3270 client to the Linux IP address using port 24. Por t 24 is the default por t for ...

32 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 - 11.42.47 d m=cpu 11.42.47 IEE174I 11.42.47 DISPLAY M 662 PROCESSOR STATUS ID CPU SERIAL 0 + 00F0001247 + ONLINE - OFFLINE . DOES NOT EXIST W WLM-MANAGED - 11.43.44 d a,l 11.43.44 IEE114I 11.43.44 2000.314 ACTIVITY 665 JOBS M/S TS USERS SYSAS INITS ACTIVE/...

Chapter 4. FLEX-ES Operation 33 4.2.2 Linux TN3270 A TN3270 emulator is included with Linux. In our opinion, it is not quite the same quality as the x3270 emulator distributed with FLEX-ES or the PCOM emulator we used on OS/2 and Windows machines. 4.2.3 IODF requirements OS/390 requires an IODF data...

34 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 4.2.5 TCP/IP for OS/390 It is possible to share a single Ethernet LAN adapter in the ThinkPad between Linux (including the FLEX-ES Terminal Solicitor) and OS/390 TCP/IP. This requires some coordination between the FLEX-ES definitions and the OS/390 TCPIP pr...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2001 37 Chapter 5. Additional Topics Most of this redbook is concerned with the installation of a basic, entry-level ThinkPad/EFS system. Many additional options and techniques can be used to enhance the entry-level system, and some of these and other topics are briefly discuss...

Chapter 5. Additional Topics 39 5.2 Operating Systems Messages console Larger S/390 machines have an Operating Systems Messages console function that is provided through the Suppor t Element (SE) or a Hardware Management Console (HMC). This console function is sometimes known as the “system console”...

40 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 The key principle is that the Linux system should not be forced to page when running S/390 emulation. Linux might perform considerable paging when getting started, but once a S/390 instance is started and the system working set is established, the average L...

Chapter 5. Additional Topics 41 – bo: blocks send to a block device (blocks/s) 򐂰 System – in: the number of interrupts per second (including clock interrupts)– cs: number of context switches per second 򐂰 CPU – us: user time (percent of CPU time)– sy: system time (percent of CPU time)– id: idle time ...

42 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 5.5 Ultrabay ThinkPad A21 and A22 units have a “bay” that can hold a CD-ROM drive, or a diskette drive, or a second hard disk drive—but only one at a time. Current Windows operating systems permit the user to change these devices while the system is running...

Chapter 5. Additional Topics 43 We partitioned the disk with fdisk and formatted it: # fdisk /dev/hdc n (fdisk option to add a partition) Command action: p (a primary partition) Partition number: 1 First cylinder (1-66144): 1 (default = 1) Last cylinder (1-66144): 4140 (this makes a partition of abo...

44 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 The difficulty is that, if a file on the second hard disk (such as an emulated S/390 volume) is specified in a FLEX-ES resources definition, then that file must be available before resadm can be started. Linux mounting (through /etc/fstab) forgives missing ...

Chapter 5. Additional Topics 45 3390-2 OS39PA A83 DB2 3390-2 OS3PAA A84 Transaction Server (CICS) 3390-1 WORK01 A90 Work (storage) volume 3390-1 WORK02 A91 Work (storage) volume 3390-1 WORK03 A92 Work (storage) volume (about 12 GB still available) Since the CD-ROM drive and the second hard disk cann...

46 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 //BACKUP EXEC PGM=IEBGENER //SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=*//SYSIN DD DUMMY //SYSUT1 DD DISP=SHR,DSN=SYS1.PROCLIB(JES2) //SYSUT2 DD DSN=PROCLIB,DISP=(NEW,KEEP),// UNIT=560,LABEL=(1,SL),VOL=SER=222222 We submitted the job and the IEF233A mount request was issued by OS...

Chapter 5. Additional Topics 47 Several special options are available for FakeTape resource definitions: c3480: cu 3480options ‘maxwritesize=200,allowdisconnects,allowmountccws,autoloader’device(00) 3480 OFFLINEend c3480 The maxwritesize option is impor tant. It specifies (in megabytes) the maximum ...

Chapter 5. Additional Topics 49 This key mapping may be disconcer ting to experienced 3270 users (especially ISPF users) because it uses the large Enter key (on the PC keyboard) as the 3270 Enter key. On a “real” 3270, the large key in this position performs a New Line function, and a smaller key (w...

Chapter 5. Additional Topics 51 򐂰 Use the writethroughcache parameter to force a different operation of the cache (on a device or control unit level). The default operation uses a writeback cache technique. Here is an example that uses all three options: (resources definitions)....c3990A: cu 3390int...

52 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 The command can specify any device address on the control unit. The dedicated lines column indicates the number of dedicated (non-floating) cache tracks. A clear ckdcachestats cuu command can be used to reset the statistics. You can display the definition o...

Chapter 5. Additional Topics 53 򐂰 Extensive testing would be necessary to verify PCI bus functions with the FSI adapter cards in this environment. This has not been done. 5.13 SCSI adapter for the ThinkPad Potentially, one might provide an SCSI interface to the ThinkPad and connect external SCSI tap...

Chapter 5. Additional Topics 55 5. We intended to use the cmp command to verify that the restored file matched the original file, but it appears that this command does not work with files larger than 2 GB. The complete operation took place on a single HDD in the ThinkPad. Linux disk buffering was ve...

56 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 The tar function again took 12.6 minutes and the ftp function took less than one minute. We used a private 100 Mpbs LAN connection, with no other active systems on it. The target system (our Netfinity/EFS machine) was otherwise idle during this time. It wou...

Chapter 5. Additional Topics 57 In most cases, these fields are set by the FLEX-ES license key and you cannot change them. There is an option to make these fields changeable; this option must be specified when the system is ordered. If this option is used, the machine type cannot be set to 1245, 124...

58 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 – Interfaces (such as SCSI or S/390 channels) are not typically available to ThinkPad/EFS users, making routine system backup functions more difficult. – Cooling effectiveness, especially when used without a docking station, can be greatly influenced by the...

Chapter 5. Additional Topics 59 $ cd rundir (change to /usr/flexes/rundir) $ sh shos (start our shell script) Wait for 3270 sessions to start flexes> ipl a80 0a8200 (note that prompt changes to flexes) Operate OS/390 as normal, using 3270 sessions. Shut down OS/390 when finished. Window 2 flexes&...

60 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 We went into the ThinkPad BIOS (F1 after star ting the ThinkPad) and changed all the power-related functions to “Disable.” This solved the problem and we could leave OS/390 running overnight with no problems. We did not attempt to analyze the exact use of e...

Chapter 5. Additional Topics 61 last who has logged into Linux? w who is logged into Linux now? whoami displays your userid ifconfig display current LAN adapter status netstat -r display current routing state route add default gw 9.12.17.150 eth0 create default gateway route add -net 10.10.0.0 255.2...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2001 63 Chapter 6. Frequently asked questions Q: Can I install a boot manager and have Linux (with FLEX-ES) and Windows on the same ThinkPad?A: Yes, but you will need to do the installation yourself. You might consider completely removing the primary hard disk and replacing it ...

Chapter 6. Frequently asked questions 65 that Server memory is better used as S/390 central storage than as S/390 expanded storage. However, you might have specific applications that require expanded storage, so we cannot provide an absolute answer. You face the same quandary when dividing up real m...

66 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 may force Linux swapping and this has severe effects on FLEX-ES performance. Having gone to considerable expense to obtain a small S/390 (in the form of your ThinkPad/EFS), we suggest you use it only as a S/390. If you need to also run a Linux server, we su...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2001 69 Appendix A. FLEX-ES definition listings This section lists the FLEX-ES definitions we used when installing our ThinkPad/EFS system and writing this redbook. These files were copied from our working system and represent the system at the last stages of our project. Basic...

70 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 R10A3174: cu 3174interface local(1)device(00) 3278 mstcondevice(01) 3278 M701device(02) 3278 M702end R10A3174 R10A3172: cu 3172interface local(1)options 'ipaddress=9.12.17.211'device(00) 3172 eth0device(01) 3172 OFFLINEend R10A3172 R10A3480: cu 3480interfac...

Appendix A. FLEX-ES definition listings 71 Definitions for two HDDs The following definitions assume that the second ThinkPad hard disk is mounted and contains the optional volumes discussed in text. Since these definitions reference files on the second hard disk (with mount point /s391), they can b...

72 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 interface local(1)device(00) 3480 OFFLINEend R10B3480 end R10B Shell script for two HDDs This shell script is just like the first one, except that it uses system name S10B instead of S10A. flexes S10B.syscf xmodmap -e 'keysym Alt_L = Alt_L Meta_L'xset fp+ /...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2001 73 Appendix B. FLEX-ES parameters This appendix reviews a selected subset of the FLEX-ES parameters needed to define emulated S/390 systems and their resources. The formal FLEX-ES documentation should be reviewed for additional information, more emulated devices, and many ...

Appendix B. FLEX-ES parameters 75 defines two channels, with the channel numbers 3 and 1. The channel numbers must be unique, but need not be in sequence. The local keyword means the channels are emulated block multiplexor channels and are emulated using resources on the ThinkPad. 1 The channel numb...

Appendix B. FLEX-ES parameters 77 end R10A3990 R10A3088: cu 3172 interface local(1) options ‘ipaddress=9.12.17.211’ device(00) 3172 eth0 device(01) 3172 OFFLINEend R10A3088 end R10A A resources block must have a name; R10A is used in this example. Each set of resources in the block must also have a ...

78 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 The device(00) parameter describes the first device of this resource set. The index number is decimal; it must begin with 00 and be incremented by one for each additional device. If your device addressing scheme (at the OS/390 level) requires addressing gap...

Appendix B. FLEX-ES parameters 79 These commands would add a new terminal name (bills) to the Terminal Solicitor screen, and also enable a TN3270 connection from 9.12.17.211. Where do the addresses (703 and 704) come from? The cu statement in our example (“Typical resource definitions” on page 76) s...

80 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 The cu type 3172 is a defined FLEX-ES keyword and defines an LCS-type LAN connection to S/390. (On the S/390 side, there would normally be two CTC addresses (even/odd addresses) defined. A LAN device for use by OS/390 TCP/IP must be specified exactly as sho...

Appendix B. FLEX-ES parameters 81 Common rules FLEX-ES names, in general, may be up to 255 characters and use upper/lowercase letters, numeric digits, and a few special characters. These special characters are underscore, hyphen, dollar, at, and period. A name cannot consist of a valid decimal or he...

82 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 򐂰 You can -t (selectively terminate a resource) and then -x (refresh the resources file). This will refresh only resources that are not running at that time. 򐂰 The resource manager writes log information to the /var/log/messages file (via the Linux syslog l...

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2001 85 Special notices References in this publication to IBM products, programs or services do not imply that IBM intends to make these available in all countries in which IBM operates. Any reference to an IBM product, program, or ser vice is not intended to state or imply tha...

86 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 through The Open Group. SET, SET Secure Electronic Transaction, and the SET Logo are trademarks owned by SET Secure Electronic Transaction LLC. Other company, product, and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2001 87 Related publications The publications listed in this section are considered particularly suitable for a more detailed discussion of the topics covered in this redbook. IBM Redbooks For information on ordering these publications, see “How to get IBM Redbooks” on page 87....

88 S/390 PID: ThinkPad Ena bled fo r S/390 IBM Redbooks collections Redbooks are also available on CD-ROMs. Click the CD-ROMs button on the Redbooks Web site for information about all the CD-ROMs offered, as well as updates and formats.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2001 89 Index Symbols /holding 42/s391 42/usr/flexes/bin 28, 48/usr/flexes/rundir 28 Numerics 1403 carriage tape 663174 or 3274 control units 633270 terminal resources 783339 cylinders 643390 drives, odd size 644mm tapes, compatibility 64 A AD releases 44AD system 21ADRDSSU bac...

(0 .2 ”spin e) 0. 17”<- > 0 .4 7 3 ” 90<- > 2 4 9 pa ges S/ 390 Par tners in D e velopment : ThinkPad Enab led f o r S /390

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