IBM 770 - Manuals

Figures 1-1. Model and Submodel Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1-2. System Board Devices and Features . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 1-3. System Board I/O Address Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 1-4. Performance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 1-5. Physical Specifications . . ...

2-30. System Control Port A (Hex 0092) . . . . . . . . . . 2-30 2-31. System Control Port B (Hex 0061, Write) . . . . . . 2-31 2-32. System Control Port B (Hex 0061, Read) . . . . . . 2-31 2-33. Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35 3-1. BIOS Video VGA Modes . . . . . . . ...

Preface This technical reference contains hardware and software interfaceinformation specific to the IBM ThinkPad 770 computer. Thistechnical reference is intended for those who develop hardware andsoftware products for the computer. Users should understandcomputer architecture and programming conce...

Section 1. System Overview Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 System Board Devices and Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 System Board I/O Address Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Description The IBM ThinkPad 770 computer (hereafter called the ThinkPad computer or the computer) is notebook-size computer that featurethe AT bus architecture. Each computer supports one UltraBay IIand one internal hard disk drive. The ThinkPad 770 computer alsosupports an internal CD-ROM drive or...

System Board Devices and Features Figure 1-2 lists the system board devices and their features. TheIBM Personal System/2 Hardware Interface Technical Referencedescribes devices common to PS/2 products by type number. Figure 1-2 (Part 1 of 2). System Board Devices and Features Device Type Features Mi...

System Board I/O Address Map Figure 1-3 is the I/O address map. Figure 1-3 (Part 1 of 2). System Board I/O Address Map Address (Hex) Device 0000–001F DMA Controller (0–3) 0020, 0021 Interrupt Controller (master) 0022–002F Reserved 0040–0043 System Timer 1 0048–004B Reserved 0060 Keyboard, Auxiliary ...

Physical Specifications Figure 1-5. Physical Specifications Size Width: 313.0 mm (12.3 in.) Depth: 240.0 / 254.0 mm (9.45 / 10.00 in.) Height: 56.0 mm (2.20 in.) Weight ñ (approximate value) 3.4 kg (7.4 lb)3.5 kg (7.7 lb) Air Temperature System on (without diskette) 5.0°C to 35.0°C (41°F to 95°F) Sy...

Electrical Specifications Figure 1-6. Electrical Specifications (56 W) Input voltage ñ (V ac) 100–240 Frequency (Hz) 50/60 Input ò (kVA) 0.13 ñ Range is automatically selected; sine wave input is required. ò At maximum configuration. Acoustical Readings Figure 1-7. Acoustical Readings L WAd in bels ...

Power Supply The power supply converts the ac voltage to dc voltage and providespower for the following: Ÿ System board set Ÿ Diskette drive Ÿ Hard disk drive Ÿ CD-ROM drive Ÿ Auxiliary devices Ÿ Keyboard Ÿ LCD panel Ÿ PCMCIA cards Ÿ DVD drive Voltages The power supply generates six different dc vol...

Output Protection A short circuit placed on any dc output (between two outputs orbetween an output and a dc return) latches all dc outputs into ashutdown state, with no hazardous condition to the power supply. If an overvoltage fault occurs in the power supply, the power supplylatches all dc outputs...

Figure 1-10. Lithium-ion Battery Pack Specifications Nominal Voltage + 10.8 V dc Capacity (average) 4.5 ampere hours (AH) Protection Overcurrent protectionOvervoltage protectionOverdischarge protectionThermal protection 1-12 System Overview

Section 2. System Board Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Microprocessor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Cache Memory Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Cacheable Address Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

Description This section describes the microprocessor, connectors, memorysubsystems, and miscellaneous system functions and ports for theThinkPad computers. Microprocessor The ThinkPad 770 uses the Intel Pentium  200 or 233 MHz processor with the MMX  technology. The Processor has a 32-bit address...

and read operations. If memory data is written to a location in thecache and the cache line is in the “modified” state, the correspondingcache line is written back to system memory and invalidated. When the microprocessor performs a memory read, the data addressis used to find the data in the cache....

Keyboard/Mouse Connector Each ThinkPad computer has a keyboard/mouse connector, wherethe IBM mouse, keyboard, or numeric keypad is connected. Signals The keyboard and mouse signals are driven by open-collector driverspulled to 5 V dc through a pull-up resistor. Figure 2-1 lists thesignals. Figure 2-...

Scan Codes Figure 2-3 shows the key numbers assigned to keys on the 84-keykeyboard (for the U.S. and Japan). Figure 2-4 on page 2-6 showsthe key numbers assigned to keys on the 85-key keyboard (forcountries other than the U.S. and Japan). For scan codes assignedto each numbered key, refer to the IBM...

Figure 2-4. Key Numbers for the 85-Key Keyboard Keyboard ID The keyboard ID consists of 2 bytes: hex 83AB (the built-in keyboardwith the external numeric keypad) or hex 84AB (the built-in keyboardonly). Interrupt 16H, function code (AH)=0AH, returns the keyboardID. 2-6 System Board

Figure 2-5 shows the key numbers assigned to keys on the externalnumeric keypad. For scan codes assigned to each numbered key,refer to the IBM Personal System/2 Hardware Interface Technical Reference. 90 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 108 105 106 91 92 93 Figure 2-5. Key Numbers for the External...

Hard Disk Drive Connector The hard disk drive connected to the system board is removable.Figure 2-6 shows the pin assignments for the connector on thesystem board. Figure 2-6. Hard Disk Drive Connector Pin Assignments Pin Signal I/O or Feature Pin Signal I/O or Feature 1 DetectIn O 31 GND Ground 2 J...

External Bus Connector The docking station is connected through the 240-pin external busconnector on the rear panel. This connector is installed on thesystem board and has the following pin assignments: 1 240 120 121 60 180 181 61 Type Legend: A: Audio signal M: PC Card signal C: System control sign...

UltraBay II Connector The removable diskette drive, secondary hard disk drive, DVD drive,or CD-ROM drive can be connected to the UltraBay II connector onthe system board. This connector has the following pin assignments. 2-12 System Board

Diskette Drive and Controller Figure 2-9 shows the read, write, and format capabilities of thediskette drive for the ThinkPad computer. Figure 2-9. Diskette Drive Read, Write, and Format Capabilities Diskette Type Format Size 720 KB 1.2 MB 1.44 MB 3.5-inch 1.0 MB Diskette RWF − − 3.5-inch 2.0 MB Dis...

Memory The ThinkPad computers use the following types of memory: Ÿ Read-only memory (ROM) Ÿ Random access memory (RAM) Ÿ Real-time clock/complementary metal-oxide semiconductor RAM(RT/CMOS RAM) ROM Subsystem The ROM subsystem consists of four banks of 128 KB memory.ROM is active when power is turned...

System Memory Map Memory is mapped by the memory controller registers. Figure 2-10 on page 2-17 shows the memory map for a correctlyfunctioning system. Memory can be mapped differently if POSTdetects an error in system board memory or RT/CMOS RAM. In thefigure, the variable x represents the number o...

System Board Memory for the DIMM Connectors The system board has two DIMM connectors. Figure 2-11 shows the pin assignments for the DIMM connector. Figure 2-11. DIMM Adapter Card Memory Connector Pin Assignments Pin Signal Pin Signal Pin Signal Pin Signal 123456789 1011121314151617181920212223242526...

RT/CMOS RAM The RT/CMOS RAM (real-time clock/complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor RAM) module contains the real-time clock and 128bytes of CMOS RAM. The clock circuitry uses 14 bytes of thismemory; the remainder is allocated to configuration andsystem-status information. A battery is built into th...

Real-Time Clock Bytes (Hex 000–00D): Bit definitions andaddresses for the real-time clock bytes are shown in Figure 2-15. Figure 2-15. Real-Time Clock Bytes (Hex 000–00D) Address(Hex) Function Byte Number 000 Seconds 0 001 Second alarm 1 002 Minutes 2 003 Minute alarm 3 004 Hours 4 005 Hour alarm 5 ...

Bits 6–5 If these bits are a pattern of 01, the oscillator is turnedon and the RTC is allowed to keep time. The nextupdate will occur at 500 ms after a pattern of 01 iswritten to these bits. Bits 4 To use the original bank of memory, select 0. To usethe extended registers, select 1. Bits 3–0 These b...

Bit 2 This bit indicates whether the binary-coded-decimal (BCD)or binary format is used for time-and-date calendarupdates. If set to 1, this bit indicates binary format. Thesystem initializes this bit to 0. Bit 1 This bit indicates whether the hours byte is in 12-hour or24-hour mode. If set to 1, th...

Bit 7 This read-only bit monitors the internal battery. If set to1, this bit indicates that the real-time clock has power. Ifset to 0, it indicates that the real-time clock has lostpower and the data in CMOS is no longer valid. Bits 6–0 These bits are reserved. CMOS RAM Configuration Figure 2-20 sho...

Diskette Drive Type Byte (Hex 010): This byte indicates the typeof the installed diskette drive. Figure 2-21. Diskette Drive Type Byte (Hex 010) Bit Drive Type 7–4 Diskette drive type 3–0 Reserved Bits 7–4 These bits indicate the diskette drive type. Figure 2-22. Diskette Drive Type Bits 7–4 Bits 7–...

Miscellaneous System Functions and Ports This section provides information about nonmaskable interrupts(NMIs), the power-on password, and hardware compatibility. Nonmaskable Interrupt (NMI) The NMI signals the system microprocessor that a channel checktimeout has occurred. This situation can cause l...

2. Reset the system microprocessor by writing a 1 to bit 0. 3. Issue a Halt instruction to the system microprocessor. 4. Reenable all maskable and nonmaskable interrupts. If you do not follow this procedure, the results areunpredictable. Note: Whenever possible, use BIOS as an interface to reset the...

Bit 6 If set to 1, this bit indicates that a channel check hasoccurred. Bit 5 If read, this bit indicates the condition of the timer/counter2 ‘output’ signal. Bit 4 If read, this bit toggles for each refresh request. Bit 3 If set to 0, this bit enables the channel check. This bit isset to 1 during a...

Ÿ The supervisor password protects the system information inEasy-Setup from being changed by unauthorized persons. For more information about these passwords, refer to the ThinkPad User's Guide. Selectable Drive-Startup Sequence Selectable drive-startup (selectable boot) allows you to control thesta...

Hardware Compatibility The computer supports most of the interfaces used by the IBMPersonal Computer AT* and the Personal System/2* (PS/2*)products. In many cases, the command and status organization ofthese interfaces is maintained. The functional interfaces for the computer are compatible with the...

Error Codes POST returns a three or more character code message to indicatethe type of test that failed. Figure 2-33 lists the failure indicated withthe associated error code. Figure 2-33 (Part 1 of 2). Error Codes ErrorCode Description 101 Interrupt failure. 102 Timer failure. 103 Timer interrupt f...

Section 3. Subsystems Video Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 Video Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 Modem Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 ThinkPad Modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Video Subsystem The video subsystem consists of the XGA video controller and videorandom-access memory (VRAM). The video subsystem supports anIBM thin-film transistor (TFT) as follows: The video subsystem also supports PS/2 analog displays without anyadditional adapters. Note: Use of any video subsy...

Video Modes The video subsystem supports the modes listed in Figure 3-1 andFigure 3-2 on page 3-4: Figure 3-1. BIOS Video VGA Modes Expanded Size XGA 960 × 600 960 × 700 960 × 600 960 × 600 960 × 700 960 × 600 960 × 600 960 × 600 960 × 700 960 × 600 960 × 600 960 × 600 960 × 700 960 × 700 960 × 720 ...

Modem Subsystem The modem subsystem is composed of a digital signal processor(DSP) and a data access arrangement (DAA): Ÿ General MIDI-compatible, 32-voice wave table synthesizer Ÿ 36.6-kbps data/fax modem Ÿ Full-feature telephone Ÿ Answering machine Ÿ Headphone-free, full-duplex speaker phone Think...

Telephony (Modem) Function The telephony (modem) function provides the following settings: I/O Address IRQ Level DMA Channel 0220–0233 (default)0240–02530260–02730280–02930388–038B (synthesizer) IRQ 5 (default)IRQ 7IRQ 10IRQ 11 DMA 0DMA 1 (default)DMA 6DMA 7 Serial Port COM1 (I/O: 03F8 - IRQ 4)COM2 ...

Audio Subsystem The crystal audio subsystem provides 16-bit stereo audio withhigh-quality FM music synthesis using four operators per voice. Itcan record, compress, and play back voice, sound, and music withbuilt-in mixer controls. It consists of an embedded microprocessor,16-bit stereo, 20-voice FM...

Audio Port Specifications Ÿ Audio Output: – ⅛ -inch mini-jack for headphone – Headphone speaker output: 22 mW (32 ohm) maximum– Maximum output level: 2.4 V pp– Output impedance: 75 ohm Ÿ Audio Input: – ⅛ -inch mini-jack for microphone or line input – Microphone gain: 26-dB minimum, 48.5-dB maximum– ...

Infrared (IR) Subsystem The IR subsystem supports the following functions: Ÿ MIF/FIR mode – 567 Kbps – 1.152 Mbps – 4.0 Mbps Ÿ Sharp** mode – 9,600 bps The I/O address can be selected from the following with the systemutility program. The IR subsystem uses one serial port address andone IR controlle...

Enhanced Video Subsystem The enhanced video subsystem consists of the following functions: Ÿ Video acceleration (hardware scaling, interpolation, color spaceconversion) Ÿ Video overlay Ÿ Video capture Ÿ One video-in jack (NTSC or PAL 1 input) Ÿ One video-out jack Ÿ MPEG playback Video Port Specifica...

PCMCIA Subsystem The system board has two PCMCIA (Personal Computer MemoryCard International Association) slots that support the following typesof PC Card: Ÿ 16 bit PC Card Type–I, II, III 5V, 3.3V Ÿ 32 bit PC Card Type–I, II, III 5V, 3.3V However, x.xV, y.yV, DMA, and ZV are not supported. The maxi...

Pin Assignments Figure 3-3 shows the pin assignments for the PCMCIA slots. Figure 3-3 (Part 1 of 2). PCMCIA PC Card Slot Pin Assignments Pin 16-Bit PC Card 32-Bit PC Card 1 Ground Ground 2 D3 CAD0 3 D4 CAD1 4 D5 CAD3 5 D6 CAD5 6 D7 CAD7 7 CE1# CC/BE0# 8 A10 CAD9 9 OE CAD11 10 A11 CAD12 11 A9 CAD14 1...

Figure 3-3 (Part 2 of 2). PCMCIA PC Card Slot Pin Assignments Pin 16-Bit PC Card 32-Bit PC Card 31 D1 CAD29 32 D2 Reserved 33 IOIS16# CCLKRUN# 34 Ground Ground 35 Ground Ground 36 CD1# CCD1# 37 D11 CAD2 38 D12 CAD4 39 D13 CAD6 40 D14 Reserved 41 D15 CAD8 42 CE2 CAD10 43 VS1# CVS1 44 IORD# CAD13 45 I...

IDE Channel on the UltraBay II A primary IDE channel is provided on the UltraBay connector,providing two system settings: A secondary IDE channel is provided on the UltraBay connector,providing two system settings: If a hard disk is attached to the hard disk connector, an IDE deviceon the UltraBay b...

Appendix A. System Resources The following summarizes the available system resources for thecomputer and docking stations. Values in parentheses arealternative values that are selectable in the ThinkPad Configurationsprogram or application programs. The default values are highlighted. SystemResource...

Overview The ThinkPad Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) provides a specialsoftware interface, called the System Management ApplicationProgram Interface (SMAPI) BIOS, to control the following uniquefeatures of the ThinkPad system: System Information This BIOS provides unique ThinkPad information, such...

Header Image Systems that support SMAPI BIOS must provide the following headerimage in the F000 segment system ROM area at the 16-byteboundary. The client needs to search and find this SMAPI BIOSheader image to get the entry point for the service. Field Offset(inHex) Length Value Signature 00 4 byte...

Information Word This area identifies the following BIOS service level: Information Word Bit ð : Real/V86 mode interface support Bit 1 : 16-bit protected mode support Bit 2 : 32-bit protected mode support Bit 3-15 : Reserved Real Mode Entry Point The entry point is specified in segment, offset forma...

Calling Convention The client can invoke the SMAPI BIOS with a far-call to the entrypoint that is specified in the header file. All parameters for the BIOSand other results are stored in the client data area; the client needsto prepare an input parameter and output parameter area in its dataarea, an...

Output Field Field Offset(in Hex) Length Return Code 00 Byte Auxiliary Return Code 01 Byte Parameter 1 02 Word Parameter 2 04 Word Parameter 3 06 Word Parameter 4 08 Double word Parameter 5 0C Double word SMAPI BIOS B-7

Sample in Assembler Language ;; Input Parameter Structure ; SMB_INPARM STRUC @SMBIN_FUNC DB ? @SMBIN_SUB_FUNC DB ? @SMBIN_PARM_1 DW ? @SMBIN_PARM_2 DW ? @SMBIN_PARM_3 DW ? @SMBIN_PARM_4 DD ? @SMBIN_PARM_5 DD ? SMB_INPARM ENDS ;; Output Parameter Structure ; SMB_OUTPARM STRUC @SMBOUT_RC DB ? @SMBOUT_...

Calling Convention Pseudo Code The following describes the calling convention using pseudo code. Assembler Language InputParm SMB_INPARM < > OutputParm SMB_OUTPARM < > 16-bit push ds mov ax, offset OutputParm push ax push ds mov ax, offset InputParm push ax call dword ptr SmapiBios add s...

Return Codes The following hexadecimal return codes are stored in both the AL(AX) register and the return code field of the output parameter: ðð No error 53 SMAPI function is not available 81 Invalid parameter 86 Function is not supported 9ð System error 91 System is invalid 92 System is busy Að Dev...

Function Description System Information Service Get System Identification Input Field Major Function Number - ððMinor Function Number - ððParameter 1 - Reserved Parameter 2 - Reserved Parameter 3 - Reserved Parameter 4 - Reserved Parameter 5 - Reserved Output Field Return Code - Error status Auxilia...

System Configuration Service Get Display Device State Input Field Major Function Number - 1ðMinor Function Number - ððParameter 1 - Request type = ððððh : Current hardware= ððð1h : CMOS (effective after reboot) Parameter 2 - Reserved Parameter 3 - Reserved Parameter 4 - Reserved Parameter 5 - Reserv...

Power Management Service Get Power Management Mode Input Field Major Function Number - 22Minor Function Number - ððParameter 1 - Reserved Parameter 2 - Reserved Parameter 3 - Reserved Parameter 4 - Reserved Parameter 5 - Reserved Output Field Return Code - Error status Auxiliary Return Code - Reserv...

Event Bit Definition Bits 2-ð - ReservedBit 3 - Standby Bit 4 - Suspend Bit 5 - RediSafe Bit 6 - Hibernation Bit 7 - Power off Note: If bits are duplicated, the highest bit is available. B-34 SMAPI BIOS

Samples Data Structure Assembler Language ;; Smapi BIOS Header ;SMB_HEADER STRUC @SMBHDR_SIG DB 4 dup (?) ; +ðð - Signature @SMBHDR_VER DB ? ; +ð4 - Major version @SMBHDR_VER_VER DB ? ; +ð5 - Minor version @SMBHDR_LEN DB ? ; +ð6 - Length @SMBHDR_CHKSUM DB ? ; +ð7 - Checksum @SMBHDR_INFO DW ? ; +ð8 -...

Parameters ; ;Input Parameter ; SMB_INPARM STRUC @SMBIN_FUNC DB ? @SMBIN_SUB_FUNC DB ? @SMBIN_PARM_1 DW ? @SMBIN_PARM_2 DW ? @SMBIN_PARM_3 DW ? @SMBIN_PARM_4 DD ? @SMBIN_PARM_5 DD ? SMB_INPARM ENDS ; ;Output Parameter ; SMB_OUTPARM STRUC @SMBOUT_RC DB ? @SMBOUT_SUB_RC DB ? @SMBOUT_PARM_1 DW ? @SMBOU...

Function Declaration C Language //// Smapi BIOS function //typedef WORD (far \ SMB)(FPINPARM, FPOUTPARM) ; SMAPI BIOS B-57

Installation Check Assembler Language: Real Mode ; ; FindSmapi ; ----------- ;; On Entry : None ; On Exit : CF = ð .. Find out ; DX - Segment ; BX - Pointer to header ;; CF = 1 .. No Smapi BIOS ; FindSmapi Proc Near push eax push cx push si push ds mov ax, BIOS_SEG ; Fððð Segment mov ds, ax mov bx, ...

BIOS Call Assembler Language: 16-Bit Protected Mode ;; Build Input Parameter Field ; mov al, SMB_GET_SYSID mov [bx].@Func, al push ds mov ax, offset OutputParm push ax push ds mov ax, offset InputParm push ax call _SmapiBios add sp, 8 ;; Get information from Output Parm ; or ax, ax jnz Error mov bx,...

C Language WORD GetSystemID(){ SMB SmapiEntry ; INPARM MyInput ; OUTPARM MyOutput ; WORD Rc = -1 ; if (GetSmapiEntry(&SmapiEntry)) { MyInput.SMBIN_FUNC = ð ; MyInput.SMBIN_SUB_FUNC = ð ; if (SmapiEntry(&MyInput, &MyOutput)) { // No System ID is available } else { Rc = MyOutput.SMBOUT_PAR...

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IBM Part Number: 05L1739 Printed in the United States of America