Roper Photometric - Manual

iv Advanced Camera Operation Manual Chapter 3. Advanced CCD Theory Introduction .............................................................................................................................29Theory of Operation ............................................................................

1 Chapter 1. Introduction Description The Advanced Camera Operation Manual includes: • Imager Control Language (ICL)— Rules of syntax, ASCI II commandset, and example scripts • Advanced CCD Theory — Background theory for advanced ICL users Most Roper Scientific  cameras use an application programmi...

2 Advanced Camera Operation Manual Software To run ICL scripts, you must be running a full-function imaging package that isICL compatible. You must also have installed the ICL and PVCAM files that areappropriate for your camera and interface. PVCAM and ICL files are located on the Host Connectivity ...

3 Chapter 2. ICL Introduction ICL scripts can be written in any text editor. Save the script as a text file, thendownload through an ICL-compatible imaging package. This chapter includes: • Script syntax • Function descriptions • Example scripts Rules of Syntax The basic rules of syntax are: • Carri...

4 Advanced Camera Operation Manual Single Parameter Functions Some functions require a single parameter. Fractional/decimal and negativevalues are not allowed. Numeric expressions generate an error. Whitespace canbe included anywhere inside the parentheses. The following parameters are legal: loop_b...

6 Advanced Camera Operation Manual Display Verbs The pixel_display verb is not sent to the camera and does not affect data collection. However, once the data has been collected, the application examinesthe script, the pixel_display verbs, and any loop commands. From this information, the application...

Chapter 2. ICL 7 Function Definitions clear_parallel( clear_count ); clear the entire parallel register, clear_count times clear_serial( clear_count ); clear the serial register, clear_count times clear_until_trig(); waits for a trigger, clearing meanwhile expose( exp_time ); a timed delay, while li...

Chapter 2. ICL 9 loop_begin (loop_count); This function allows looping within a script. A loop_count specifies the number of times to perform the loop. All instructions between the loop_begin and matching loop_en d commands are executed exactly loop_count times. Loops may be nested up to 16 deep. No...

Chapter 2. ICL 13 Example Scripts The eight example scripts in this section illustrate the rules and principles of ICL. These scripts use every ICLfunction with the exception of shift_mode_sm() and the _alt modes. Electronic copies of the example scriptsare in the ICL Example file on your HCK disket...

18 Advanced Camera Operation Manual Intermittent Exposure This script takes a stellar image of a faint galaxy. The observatory is located under the flight path of a localairport and incoming planes occasionally pass through the field of view. The observatory has at least 30seconds warning before a p...

Chapter 2. ICL 19 High-Speed Spectroscopy This script uses a frame-transfer device (the CCD37-10 CCD) to perform high-speed spectroscopy. It collects aspectral image in the image array, and bins that image down to a single line, as it shifts it into the storage area.THIS REQUIRES A FACTORY MODIFICAT...

20 Advanced Camera Operation Manual Error Codes This section lists the error codes that may appear when using ICL. 10100 C101_ICL_UNKNOWN_ERROR ICL OPTION LIBRARY: unknown error 10101 C101_ICL_LIB_NOT_INIT the script library not initialized 10102 C101_ICL_LIB_INITED the script library initialized 10...

Chapter 2. ICL 21 Man Pages This section contains the Man Page descriptions for the six ICL scripting functions included in the PVCAMlibrary. These functions are intended for use by application programmers only. PVCAM Class 101: ICL pl_exp_display_script(101) NAME pl_exp_display_script – lists the d...

Chapter 2. ICL 27 Decoding Decoding (defined as decoding the pixel stream to display one or more images)must be simple enough to easily use, yet, powerful enough to display mostexperiments. To satisfy both needs, the scripts can contain any number of pixeldisplay statements. Each of these statements...

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29 Chapter 3. Advanced CCD Theory Introduction The charge-coupled device (CCD) is the imager of choice for use in quantitativeimage acquisition systems. This chapter familiarizes you with CCDs and theterminology used in describing them. It also discusses CCD performancecharacteristics. If these are ...

30 Advanced Camera Operation Manual A thin layer of silicon dioxide is grown on a section of silicon and a conductivegate structure is applied over the oxide. Applying a positive electrical potentialto the gate creates a depletion region where the free electrons generated byincoming photons can be s...

Chapter 3. Advanced CCD Theory 31 Classical CCD Implementations The one-dimensional charge transfer concept can be extended to twodimensions. Buried channels arranged in parallel establish columns; chargecannot migrate between columns. Along each column, charge is contained inindividual potential we...

32 Advanced Camera Operation Manual CCD Readout The standard CCD readout sequence is shown in CCD Readout . After an integration, a programmed sequence of changing gate potentials causes allcharge packets stored in the parallel register to be shifted one pixel towards theserial register; the first c...

Chapter 3. Advanced CCD Theory 33 9 1 2 4 3 The CCD is exposedto light and a chargepattern accumulatesin the subarray. Subarray Readout A subarray is speci-fied. The charge in thesubarray is fast-shifted toward theserial register. The first row isshifted into the serialregister. Steps 4 through 8are...

34 Advanced Camera Operation Manual 8 1 2 4 3 Charge in the parallelregister is shifted onceinto the serial register. Binned Readout The CCD is exposedto light and a chargepattern accumulatesin the parallel register. Charge is again shiftedinto the serial register.The serial register con-tains the s...

Chapter 3. Advanced CCD Theory 35 1 Time Delay Integration 4 Image travel/parallel shift 2 3 5 6 CCD Architectures Three types of CCD imagers are used for quantitative electronic imaging. CCDArchitectures illustrates basic CCD structures that are in current use. CCD Architectures Frame transfer Inte...

36 Advanced Camera Operation Manual There are some special adaptations of frame-transfer devices, shown in Frame Transfer Variations . Frame Transfer Variations Standard frame transfer Image Storage High-speed framing Image Storage Spectral framing Image Storage High-Speed Framing The frame transfer...

Chapter 3. Advanced CCD Theory 37 CCD Camera Implementations To take advantage of the high performance a CCD has to offer, special slow-scanor still-imaging cameras have been designed to operate at a significantly lowerspeed than conventional video cameras. These cameras bring together severaldivers...

38 Advanced Camera Operation Manual Spectral Response Light normally enters the CCD through the gates of the parallel register. Thesegates are made of very thin polysilicon that is reasonably transparent at longwavelengths but becomes opaque at wavelengths shorter than 400 nm. Thus, atshort waveleng...

Chapter 3. Advanced CCD Theory 39 Fiberoptics In most applications, the CCD is illuminated by light from an imaging sourcesuch as a telescope, spectrograph, or microscope. There is a class of applications,however, in which coherent fiberoptic bundles can be used in place of imagingoptics. A fiberopt...

40 Advanced Camera Operation Manual Dark Current Noise Dark current, or thermally generated charge, can be measured and subtractedfrom data, but its noise component cannot be isolated. Dark current noise is aparticular concern in low-light applications. To reduce dark current, CCDs can be chilled to...

43 Index #-B 3-color sequence, 17Arguments/parameters, 3ASCII name, 6Begin and End, 5Binning, 33Branching, 3Bulb-mode exposure, 8 C C generation, 6Calls, 3Camera help, 2repair, 2 Carriage returns, 3Charge, 29Charge transfer, 30Charge transfer efficiency (CTE), 32Charge-coupled device (CCD) advanced ...