Page 2 - SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3; SUPERSTAR II User Manual; Proprietary Notice; NovAtel is a registered trademark of NovAtel Inc.
2 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Publication Number: OM-20000077 Revision Level: 3 Revision Date: 2004/03/11 Proprietary Notice Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of NovAtel Inc. The software descr...
Page 3 - Table of Contents
SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 3 Table of Contents Software License 7 Customer Service 9 Notices 10 Warranty Policy 12 Foreword 13 1 Introduction 14 1.1 SUPERSTAR II GPS Card ............................................................................................................ 141.2 FlexPak-SS...
Page 4 - APPENDICES
4 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Table of Contents 4.4.1 Mask Angle........................................................................................................................... 314.4.2 GPS Antenna Position....................................................................................
Page 5 - Tables
Tables SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 5 1 Related Publications .................................................................................................................... 13 2 Minimum J1 Connections ...............................................................................................
Page 6 - Figures
6 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Figures 1 SUPERSTAR II Receiver .............................................................................................................. 14 2 FlexPak-SSII Enclosure ...................................................................................................
Page 9 - Contact Information; Erase NVM; Firmware Updates; Appendix F, Updating Receiver Firmware
SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 9 Customer Service Customer Service Contact Information If you have any questions or concerns regarding your SUPERSTAR II, please contact NovAtel Customer Service using any one of the following methods: NovAtel GPS Hotline: 1-800-NOVATEL (U.S. or Canada) 403-295-4900 (...
Page 10 - Electrostatic Discharge
10 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Notices Notices The following notices apply to the SUPERSTAR II card. The receiver operates within the performance requirements specified herein. Electrostatic Discharge This equipment contains components which are sensitive to damage by electrostatic discharge (ESD...
Page 11 - CE Notice
Notices SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 11 WARNING: Changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by NovAtel Inc. could result in violation of Part 15 of the FCC rules. CE Notice The enclosures carry the CE mark. WARNING: This is a Class B product. In a domestic environment this p...
Page 13 - Scope; L1 GPS Firmware Reference; Related Publications; Table 1; Table 1: Related Publications; PUBLICATION NAME; Appendix D, Standards/References on Page 62
SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 13 Foreword Foreword Congratulations! Thank you for purchasing a SUPERSTAR II receiver. Whether you have purchased a stand alone GPS card, a packaged receiver or a development kit, this user manual defines the design, operational, physical, interface, functional and pe...
Page 14 - Chapter 1; Figure 1; Figure 1: SUPERSTAR II Receiver; SUPERSTAR II GPS Card
14 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 1 Introduction The SUPERSTAR II, see Figure 1 below, is a quality GPS receiver for embedded applications. The SUPERSTAR II has robust signal tracking capability even under difficult signal conditions. The SUPERSTAR II is a complete GPS OEM sensor that provid...
Page 17 - Chapter 2; System Architecture; Figure 3; Figure 3: Receiver Block Diagram; Physical Characteristics; This section applies to the OEM board version of the receiver.; Digital Electronics Section
SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 17 Chapter 2 Receiver Specifications 2.1 System Architecture Figure 3 below depicts the block diagram of the receiver assembly. Figure 3: Receiver Block Diagram 2.2 Physical Characteristics This section applies to the OEM board version of the receiver. For details on t...
Page 18 - Enclosure and Wiring Harness; Optional LNA Power Supply; starting on; Principal Power Supply; Technical Specifications; Data Communications Equipment
18 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 2 Receiver Specifications digital converter, a 16-bit system processor, memory, control and configuration logic, signal processing circuitry, serial peripheral devices, and supporting circuitry. The digital section performs the translations and calculations ...
Page 19 - Chapter 3; StarView; Figure 4: Typical System Configuration
SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 19 Chapter 3 Installation This section covers the installation of the receiver. NovAtel’s StarView graphical user interface software running on a PC allows you to control the receiver and to display its outputs. See Section B.3, StarView Software Installation starting ...
Page 20 - Section 3.4, Connectors and Connector Pins Assignment; Serial Connection; Data Interface
20 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 3 Installation In order for the SUPERSTAR II to perform optimally, the following additional equipment is required: • NovAtel GPS antenna • NovAtel coaxial cable • Regulated power supply providing +5 VDC • A wiring harness to provide power (connected to J1) a...
Page 21 - Power Connection; Installation Considerations; Antenna Location; Base Station Location; of the
Installation Chapter 3 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 21 3.2.2 Power Connection The input range for a SUPERSTAR II card is either 3.3 VDC or 5 VDC depending on your model. The input range required for the FlexPak-SSII is +6 to +18 VDC. 3.3 Installation Considerations The FlexPak receiver is waterpro...
Page 22 - Data Link; Connectors and Connector Pins Assignment; Table 2; Table 2: Minimum J1 Connections; Appendix A, Technical Specifications; J1 Interface and Power Connector
22 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 3 Installation 3.3.3 Data Link The data link for differential operation must operate at a minimal rate of 9600 bps. 3.3.4 Base Station and Rover Units Separation The operational range of carrier-phase differential measurements is limited to about 20 km, afte...
Page 23 - Serial Data Interface
Installation Chapter 3 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 23 Interface between SUPERSTAR II and customer application: Suggested 2 inch ribbon cable: TCSD-10-D-2.00-01-N or Suggested 12 inch ribbon cable with only one connector installed: TCSD-10-S-12.0-01-N Suggested mating connector: TCSD-10-01-N or PC...
Page 24 - RF Input; Protocol Selection and Non Volatile Memory; Table 3
24 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 3 Installation Interface between SUPERSTAR II and customer application: Suggested Supplier: Omni Spectra Supplier part number: 5831-5001-10 or Suggested Supplier: Suhner Supplier part number: 11MCX-50-2-10C or Suggested Supplier: Radiall Supplier part number...
Page 25 - Table 3: Use of Discretes; Discrete inputs are also shown in byte 26 of
Installation Chapter 3 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 25 Table 3: Use of Discretes If you use NMEA, the SUPERSTAR II offers you the option of setting the I/O operating mode to NMEA through discrete input levels. Disc_IP2 and Disc_IP3 have the following functions: Table 4: Discretes IP2 and IP3 funct...
Page 26 - Non Volatile Memory; Table 5; Default Configuration; Appendix A
26 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 3 Installation 3.5.1 Non Volatile Memory The receiver stores different types of information used to accelerate the TTFF and to configure the I/O in NVM. See Table 5 below for a partial list of the data stored in NVM. Table 5: Non-Volatile Memory Data 3.6 Def...
Page 27 - Installation Overview; Figure 5: Basic Setup
Installation Chapter 3 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 27 3.7 Installation Overview Once you have selected the appropriate equipment, complete the following steps to set up and begin using your NovAtel SUPERSTAR II receiver. 1. If your receiver has been provided as a GPS card without an enclosure, in...
Page 28 - Chapter 4; Chapter 3, Installation starting on Page 19.; Figure 6: Typical Operational Configuration
28 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 4 Operation Before operating the receiver for the first time, ensure that you have followed the installation instructions in Chapter 3, Installation starting on Page 19. The following instructions are based on a configuration such as that shown in Figure 6 ....
Page 29 - Communications with the Receiver; Serial Port Default Settings; Getting Started
Operation Chapter 4 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 29 4.1 Communications with the Receiver Communication with the receiver is straightforward, and consists of issuing commands through the communication ports from an external serial communications device. This could be either a terminal or an IBM-com...
Page 30 - Boot Information
30 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 4 Operation or XYZ Solution , window shows Nav 3-D, Diff. 3-D or Dead Reckoning. If it shows Initialized there is no valid position yet. The FlexPak-SSII uses a comprehensive message interface. Input messages can be sent to the receiver using the Xmit Msg me...
Page 31 - Data Requests; Mask Angle; Receiver States; Non-Operational State
Operation Chapter 4 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 31 4.3 Data Requests Data may be requested for output by the receiver for display or logging purposes. The list of data request commands and data messages is detailed in the L1 GPS Firmware Reference Manual . 4.4 Configurable Parameters Several para...
Page 32 - Initialization Mode
32 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 4 Operation The receiver switches between modes automatically. The receiver reports on its host port the current operating and navigation modes. 1. Self-Test Mode The receiver enters Self-Test mode upon request from an external source (please refer to Messag...
Page 33 - Built-In Status Tests; L1 GPS Firmware Reference Manual
Operation Chapter 4 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 33 mode only. The receiver reports its current navigation sub-mode on its host port. Your receiver must be a BASE model to act as a base station. A list of models is in Appendix A of the L1 GPS Firmware Reference Manual and in our Price List availab...
Page 34 - DATUM Support; are provided in the
34 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 4 Operation 4.7 DATUM Support The receiver has the ability to provide its position in one of the 62 predefined datums. The list of the supported datum and details on Message ID# 88, Select/Define Datum to Use are provided in the L1 GPS Firmware Reference Man...
Page 35 - Chapter 5; RTCM1 Differential GPS Corrections (Fixed); Message Frame Header
SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 35 Chapter 5 Message Formats The chapter discusses the industry-standard message formats that can be used with your SUPERSTAR II receiver, including RTCM and NMEA. Refer to the L1 GPS Firmware Reference Manual for more information on using these message formats. 5.1 RT...
Page 36 - RTCM2 Delta Differential GPS Corrections (Fixed); T s
36 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 5 Message Formats computed by the base station generating this Type 1 message. The message is of variable length, depending on the number of satellites visible and pseudoranges corrected by the base station. Satellite specific data begins at word 3 of the me...
Page 37 - NMEA Format Data Messages
Message Formats Chapter 5 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 37 Type 9 messages contain the following information for a group of three satellites in view at the base station: • Scale factor • User Differential Range Error • Satellite ID • Pseudorange correction • Range-rate correction • Issue of Data (I...
Page 38 - Chapter 6; • Single Point or Autonomous; Single-Point or Autonomous; GPS System Errors; Ionospheric Group Delays –; – The earth’s tropospheric layer causes GPS signal propagation; Ephemeris Errors –
38 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 6 Positioning Modes of Operation The following single frequency modes of operation are described further in this chapter: • Single Point or Autonomous • Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) See Appendix G, GPS Overview on Page 67 for an overview of GPS...
Page 39 - Multipath Signal Reception; Figure 7, The SBAS Concept
Positioning Modes of Operation Chapter 6 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 39 OCXO, and so on). • Multipath Signal Reception – Multipath signal reception can potentially cause large pseudorange and carrier phase measurement biases. Multipath conditions are very much a function of specific antenna site ...
Page 40 - Figure 7: The SBAS Concept; SBAS Receiver; L1 GPS; SBAS Messages
40 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 6 Positioning Modes of Operation maintained close to GPS time to provide a ranging capability. Figure 7: The SBAS Concept 6.2.1 SBAS Receiver NovAtel SUPERSTAR II-based receivers are equipped with an SBAS feature. The ability to simultaneously track two SBAS...
Page 42 - Chapter 7; Initiated BIT
42 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Chapter 7 Troubleshooting When your receiver appears not to be working properly, often there are simple ways to diagnose and resolve the problem. In many cases, the issue can be resolved within a few minutes, avoiding the hassle and loss of productivity that results...
Page 44 - SUPERSTAR II Family Performance; GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS*
44 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix A Technical Specifications A.1 SUPERSTAR II Family Performance A.2 SUPERSTAR II GPS Card PERFORMANCE* Position Accuracy: DGPS <1 m (CEP) Single Point <5 m (CEP) SBAS <1.5 m (CEP) Time to First Fix: Hot start: 15 s typical, with current almanac, pos...
Page 45 - PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL*
Technical Specifications Appendix A SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 45 * Specifications are subject to change without notice Input Messages: COM1: NMEA or proprietary binaryCOM2: RTCM SC-104 types 1, 2, and 9 Output Messages: COM1: NMEA or proprietary binary(NMEA types GGA, GSA, GSV, RMC, ZDA, GLL pl...
Page 46 - Mechanical Drawing; Figure 8; Figure 8: SUPERSTAR II Dimensions
46 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix A Technical Specifications A.2.1 Mechanical Drawing Figure 8 shows the SUPERSTAR II OEM board outline. Figure 8: SUPERSTAR II Dimensions
Page 47 - Connector Pin Assignment; Table 7; Table 7: J1 Interfaces and Power Connector Pin Assignment; SIGNAL NAME
Technical Specifications Appendix A SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 47 A.2.2 Connector Pin Assignment Table 7 shows the Interface and Power connector J1 pin assignment. Table 7: J1 Interfaces and Power Connector Pin Assignment J1 PIN # SIGNAL NAME FUNCTION 1 PREAMP Power for active antenna (40 mA max...
Page 48 - I/O Electrical Characteristics; Table 8
48 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix A Technical Specifications A.2.3 I/O Electrical Characteristics Table 8 shows the voltage level limits for the different I/O signals: Table 8: I/O Signals Voltage Limits 1. A LO pulse of 150 ns minimum will invoke a master reset to the receiver. 2. Conditio...
Page 49 - INPUT/OUTPUT CONNECTORS; PHYSICAL; ENVIRONMENTAL
SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 49 Appendix B FlexPak-SSII Specifications B.1 FlexPak-SSII INPUT/OUTPUT CONNECTORS Antenna Waterproof TNC female jack, 50 Ω nominal impedance +4.25 to +5.25 VDC, 90 mA max (output from FlexPak to antenna/LNA) Power 3-pin waterproof Deutsch connector (Deutsch PN 59065-0...
Page 50 - Status Indicators; The FlexPak-SSII provides the status indicators shown in; Table 9: FlexPak Status Indicators; The pin numbering for each of the ports, is described in; Table 10: FlexPak COM Ports Pin-Out Descriptions; See also
50 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix B FlexPak-SSII Specifications B.1.1 Status Indicators The FlexPak-SSII provides the status indicators shown in Table 9 . Table 9: FlexPak Status Indicators B.1.2 Port Pin-Outs The pin numbering for each of the ports, is described in Table 10 . Table 10: Fle...
Page 51 - Cables; Automobile Power Adapter Cable (NovAtel part number 01017374); -pin Deutsch connector; Figure 9: FlexPak Power Cable
FlexPak-SSII Specifications Appendix B SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 51 B.1.3 Cables B.1.3.1 Automobile Power Adapter Cable (NovAtel part number 01017374) The power adapter cable supplied with the FlexPak provides a convenient means for supplying +12 V DC while operating from an automobile. The fig...
Page 52 - Reference; 3-pin Deutsch connector
52 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix B FlexPak-SSII Specifications B.1.3.2 13-Pin Deutsch to DB9 Serial Cable (NovAtel part number 01017375) The null-modem serial cable shown below provides a means of interfacing between the COM1 or COM2 port on the FlexPak and another serial communications de...
Page 53 - Development Kit; Description; Normal Setup; QTY
FlexPak-SSII Specifications Appendix B SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 53 B.2 Development Kit The SUPERSTAR II Development Kit allows you to easily evaluate the L1 GPS receiver. The Development Kit implements the receiver control operation and I/O functions of the receiver using a PC, a serial cable,...
Page 54 - DGPS Setup with the FlexPak-SSII; Set up the equipment as in; Figure 11: Differential GPS Setup
54 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix B FlexPak-SSII Specifications B.2.2.2 DGPS Setup with the FlexPak-SSII Set up the equipment as in Figure 11 on Page 54 , for differential messages. Differential operation requires that stations operate in pairs. Each pair consists of a base station and a ro...
Page 55 - StarView Software Installation
FlexPak-SSII Specifications Appendix B SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 55 B.3 StarView Software Installation Once the receiver is connected to the PC, antenna, and power supply, install the StarView software . The StarView CD is supplied with the development kits, otherwise StarView is available on o...
Page 56 - Appendix C; Cable Selection; on; Table 11: Coaxial Cable Specifications; for the cable drawing.
56 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix C Antenna Specifications The GPS antenna is an important part of the total system performance and its selection should be based on your application. The L1 GPS receivers include a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) before the RF ASIC. This +20 dB LNA permits reasona...
Page 57 - Table 12: Antenna Gain Depending on Cable Length Required; lists the current taken by each of these antenna.; Table 13: Typical Current Consumption Versus Antenna Gain; Geodetic Active Antenna; lists the specifications
Antenna Specifications Appendix C SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 57 Table 12: Antenna Gain Depending on Cable Length Required The +26 dB and +36 dB antenna can accept a supply voltage between 5 and 18 VDC. It is recommended to compute the drop in the coaxial cable so the active antenna will always s...
Page 58 - Table 14: Recommended Geodetic Active Antennas; Active Antenna; lists the active antennas; Table 15: Recommended Active Antennas; Passive Antenna
58 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix C Antenna Specifications Table 14: Recommended Geodetic Active Antennas The antenna gain should be selected depending on the cable loss between the antenna and the receiver. Prices and availability can be found in the latest Price List on our website. C.3 A...
Page 59 - Elevation angle in degrees =
Antenna Specifications Appendix C SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 59 Table 16: Passive Antenna Specifications (Patch Element) Lower cost antennas for higher volume applications or for more cost sensitive applications are available. L1 GPS receivers are manufactured by implementing a 20 dB LNA on boar...
Page 60 - Figure 14: Coaxial Cable Assembly
60 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix C Antenna Specifications Figure 13: GPS Antenna 201-990147-606 (+26 dB) Figure 14: Coaxial Cable Assembly
Page 62 - Appendix D; RTCM STANDARDS REFERENCE; 450 Massachusetts Avenue, NW; SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
62 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix D Standards/References RTCM STANDARDS REFERENCE For detailed specifications of RTCM, refer to RTCM SC104 Version 2.1 of "RTCM Recommended StandardsFor Differential NAVSTAR GPS Service", January 3, 1994 Radio Technical Commission For Maritime Service...
Page 63 - Appendix E; Operational States
SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 63 Appendix E TTFF and Satellite Acquisition E.1 Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) The receiver enters Navigation mode, see Operational States on Page 31 , and provides valid outputs in less than 50 seconds after completion of the self-test and the following initialization crit...
Page 64 - Appendix F; System Requirements; Figure 16: Update Registration Window in DOS
64 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix F Updating Receiver Firmware The software update utility is specially designed to provide an easy way to update your SUPERSTAR II software and model. The software package includes the following items: • An update utility, usually called update.exe (may be n...
Page 65 - Figure 17: Paste the Registration Key into the DOS Window; Registration Key Accepted; Figure 18: Configuration Accepted; Starting Software and Options Update; Figure 19: Update Utility Activation
Updating Receiver Firmware Appendix F SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 65 Figure 17: Paste the Registration Key into the DOS Window F.4 Registration Key Accepted A message confirms the Update software utility activation once the key has been entered, see Figure 18 below. Press any key, for example <...
Page 66 - Programming Success; At this point, remove power from your GPS receiver.; Figure 20: End of Programming Session
66 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix F Updating Receiver Firmware F.5.1 Programming Success The Update utility confirms programming success at the end of the programming session, see Figure 20 below. At this point, remove power from your GPS receiver. Figure 20: End of Programming Session
Page 67 - Appendix G; Figure 21: NAVSTAR Satellite Orbit Arrangement; GPS System Design; The GPS system design consists of three parts:; The Space Segment
SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 67 Appendix G GPS Overview The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite navigation system capable of providing a highly accurate,continuous global navigation service independent of other positioning aids. GPS provides 24-hour, all-weather,worldwide coverage with ...
Page 68 - The Control Segment; Height Relationships; What is an ellipsoid?
68 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix G GPS Overview (Precision) which is encrypted for military and other authorized users. The L2 carrier is modulated only with the P code. G.1.2 The Control Segment The control segment consists of a master control station, five base stations and three data up...
Page 69 - Figure 22: Illustration of Receiver Height Measurements; Why is this important for GPS users?; GPS Positioning
GPS Overview Appendix G SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 69 Figure 22: Illustration of Receiver Height Measurements From the above diagram, and the formula h = H + N, to convert heights between the ellipsoid and geoid we require the geoid-ellipsoid separation value. This value is not easy to determine...
Page 70 - Figure 23: Accuracy versus Precision; relative
70 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix G GPS Overview Figure 23: Accuracy versus Precision 1 G.3.1 Single-Point vs. Relative Positioning In single-point positioning, coordinates of a GPS receiver at an unknown location are sought with respect to the earth's reference frame by using the known pos...
Page 71 - Figure 24: Example of Differential Positioning; Static vs. Kinematic Positioning; Static; Multipath
GPS Overview Appendix G SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 71 Figure 24: Example of Differential Positioning G.3.2 Static vs. Kinematic Positioning Static and kinematic positioning refer to whether a GPS receiver is stationary or in motion while collecting GPS data. G.3.3 Real-time vs. Post-mission Data...
Page 72 - Figure 25: Illustration of GPS Signal Multipath; Why Does Multipath Occur?
72 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix G GPS Overview Figure 25: Illustration of GPS Signal Multipath G.4.1 Why Does Multipath Occur? When the GPS signal is emitted from the satellite antenna, the RF signal propagates away from the antenna in many directions. Because the RF signal is emitted in ...
Page 73 - Hardware Solutions For Multipath Reduction; Antenna Site Selection
GPS Overview Appendix G SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 73 present to some degree, due to real world conditions. When a GPS multipath signal converges at the GPS antenna, there are two primary problems that occur: 1. a multiple signal with amplitude and phase shifting, and 2. a multiple signal with d...
Page 74 - Figure 26: GPS Signal Multipath vs. Increased Antenna Height; above for an example.; Antenna Designs; Examples of the above antennas may be seen in
74 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix G GPS Overview Figure 26: GPS Signal Multipath vs. Increased Antenna Height When the antenna is in an environment with obstructions and reflective surfaces in the vicinity, it is advantageous to mount the antenna as high as possible to reduce the obstructio...
Page 75 - Antenna Ground Planes
GPS Overview Appendix G SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 75 Figure 27: Illustration of Quadrifilar vs. Microstrip Patch Antennas G.4.3.3 Antenna Ground Planes Nearby objects can influence the radiation pattern of an antenna. Thus, one of the roles of the antenna ground plane is to create a stabilizing...
Page 76 - Appendix H
76 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix H Glossary of Terms ASCII - A 7 bit wide serial code describing numbers, upper and lower case alpha characters, special and non- printing characters. Almanac - a set of orbit parameters that allows calculation of approximate GPS satellite positions and velo...
Page 79 - Variable field
Glossary of Terms Appendix H SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 79 Variable field - by NMEA standards, a data field which may or may not contain a decimal point and which may vary in precision following the decimal point depending on the requirements and the accuracy of the measuring device. WGS-84 - Wo...
Page 80 - Appendix I
80 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Appendix I Acronyms 1PPS One Pulse Per Second 2D Two Dimensional 3D Three Dimensional A/D Analog-to-Digital ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange BIT Built-In Test bps Bits per Second C/A Code Coarse/Acquisition Code CEP Circular Error Probable C/...
Page 83 - Index; data
SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 83 Index A accuracy, 44 multipath, 71–73navigation, 36positioning, 38, 54 acquisition, 32, 44acronyms, 81active antenna, 22, 24aligned mode, 26almanac, 24, 26, 32, 63, 68ambiguity, pseudorange, 73antenna, 22, 56–57 active, 17, 22, 24, 58base station, 21design, 73–74gai...
Page 84 - external oscillator, 36; low noise amplifier; see; oscillators
84 SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 Index in single-point positioning, 70multipath, 73 external oscillator, 36 F fault mode, 33features, 14, 29figure of merit (FOM), 14, 77firmware update, 9fix, 54FlexPak-SSII, 15, 30, 54formats, 37frequency, 44, 75 G GEO, SBAS, 39Geodetic Survey of Canada, 62glossary...
Page 85 - radio frequency; space vehicle number
Index SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev 3 85 performance, 44phase lock, 73polarity, 72poor reception, 74port, 20, 23, 29, 36position, 24, 26, 44, 54power, 44 antenna, 24apply, 63connector, 51up, 30 preamplifier, 24precision, 68–70processing, 68–69 circuitry, 18post-mission, 71 propagation, 38, 71–73proto...