Page 3 - User’s Guide
Page 5 - Contents; iii
Contents Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Product Registration . . . . . . . . . . . vii Chapter 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . 1 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Library interfaces . . . . . . . . ...
Page 6 - iv
Cabling considerations for fail-over operation . . 88 Fail-over initiation . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Restoring normal operation . . . . . . . . 89 Appendix C. Specifications . . . . . . 91 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Environmental . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Safety . . . . . . . . . . ...
Page 7 - Safety; Before installing this product, read the Safety Information.
Safety Before installing this product, read the Safety Information. Antes de instalar este produto, leia as Informações de Segurança. Pred instalací tohoto produktu si prectete prírucku bezpecnostních instrukcí. Læs sikkerhedsforskrifterne, før du installerer dette produkt. Ennen kuin asennat tämän ...
Page 9 - Preface; Product Registration; vii
Preface This manual provides step-by-step installation instructions and informationrequired for ongoing use and maintenance of the IBM ® 4560SLX Tape Library. This manual is written for the installer and user of this equipment. The followinginformation is contained in this manual: v Chapter 1, “Intr...
Page 10 - viii
Page 11 - Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 1. Introduction The IBM 4560SLX Tape Library is a backup and restore solution for high-endxSeries ™ servers. The library provides many features and functions not normally found in similarly classed products. Please read this document in its entirety beforeattempting to install or use the lib...
Page 13 - Library; Magazine doors; and
Table 1 describes the different indicator settings of the library status LED. Table 1. Library front panel indicators Library Indicators Solid Green The library is operating correctly under normal conditions. Flashing Green The library is operating correctly. However, a change is beingmade through t...
Page 14 - mail slot
Magazines The 4560SLX Tape Library contains two removable tape cartridge magazines thatare accessible through the magazine doors as shown in Figure 3. The magazinedoors are opened using the touch screen. Note: The magazine must match the installed tape drive. For example, an LTOmagazine should be in...
Page 15 - Power supply
Power supply The power supply is accessible from the rear of the library as shown in Figure 5.These auto-ranging power supplies are capable of using any nominal ac voltagebetween 100 and 240 V power at 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Power to the library is supplied through the cord on the rear panel of the powersu...
Page 16 - Tape drives; inactive; Library controller board
Tape drives The 4560SLX Tape Library supports a 0-drive, 1-drive, or 2-drive configuration asshown in Figure 6. All inactive tape drives are hot-swap capable. SCSI I/O is accomplished through two VHDCI-series 68-pin SCSI connectors located on therear of the library directly under each tape drive as ...
Page 17 - Robotics
The library controller board contains a single microprocessor and associated logicdevices to control all robotics operations and manage overall library functions. Themicroprocessor enables the SCSI interface between the library and the host system,including Web TLC (Total Library Control). Web TLC i...
Page 18 - Multi-module library systems; shoe
Multi-module library systems The 4560SLX Tape Library is an expandable tape library that can be configured ina variety of module and drive combinations. The drives are mounted in aremovable drive shoe that enables easy installation and removal. Therefore, a failed drive can be swapped without the se...
Page 21 - Chapter 2. Installation; Setup; Statement 4
Chapter 2. Installation This chapter explains how to install the 4560SLX Tape Library. Sections in thischapter include: v Setup v SCSI cable configurations v Turning on the library Setup Before rack mounting the library, make sure there is adequate space available inthe rack. See “Installation consi...
Page 22 - Attaching the slide members to the library; Remove the inner slide member (
Attaching the slide members to the library To attach the slide members to the library, complete the following procedures: 1. Remove the inner slide member ( 1 ) from each rack-mount slide. 2. Attach the inner slide members to the sides of the chassis using eight hexscrews ( 2 ). 1 Inner slide member...
Page 23 - Attaching the slide members to the rack; Fully tighten the front mounting bracket screws. Leave the rear
Attaching the slide members to the rack To attach the slide members to the rack, complete the following procedure: 1. Attach the front (shorter) and rear (longer) mounting brackets to the outer andmiddle slide members as shown in Figure 12. IMPORTANT: Fully tighten the front mounting bracket screws....
Page 24 - Installing a library in the rack; To install a library in the rack, complete the following procedure:
3. Push the middle slide member as far as possible to the front of the slidemember assembly. Installing a library in the rack To install a library in the rack, complete the following procedure: 1. Install a clip or cage nut on each side of the front vertical rails as shown inFigure 14. 2. Lighten th...
Page 26 - SCSI configuration; One tape drive on a single host system
SCSI configuration Your specific configuration will depend on the speed of your host and SCSIcontroller. The library uses high performance tape drives. The tape driveperformance might be degraded if you attach too many drives to a single SCSIhost controller. One tape drive on a single host system Fi...
Page 27 - Two tape drives on a dual host system
Two tape drives on a dual host system Figure 18 shows a typical SCSI cable configuration for a library with two tapedrives installed using a dual host system. 1 SCSI terminator 3 Jumper cable 2 To library controller card 4 To host system Figure 17. Two tape drives single host 1 SCSI terminator 4 To ...
Page 28 - Multiple libraries on a single host system
Multiple libraries on a single host system Figure 19 shows a typical SCSI cable configuration for a multi-unit library with avarying number of drives using a single host system. 1 5 6 7 WAN 4 3 2 1 To host system 2 SCSI terminator Figure 19. Single host multi-unit system 18 4560SLX Tape Library: Use...
Page 29 - Multiple libraries on a dual host system; Turning on your library; Use the following instructions to apply power to the library:
Multiple libraries on a dual host system Figure 20 shows a typical SCSI cable configuration for a library with multiplelibraries and tape drives installed using a dual host system. Turning on your library Use the following instructions to apply power to the library: 1. Connect the supplied power cor...
Page 30 - Select; Continue; The library default screen will display.
2. Toggle the power switch to on “|”. 3. Press the touch screen to activate the display.When power is first applied to the libraries, a series of Power-On Self Test(POST) diagnostics are performed. After the POST completes, the Initializationscreen will appear. 4. Select Continue . The library defau...
Page 31 - Chapter 3. Library configuration; Setting a SCSI ID; Each tape drive installed in the library requires a unique SCSI ID.; Menu; SCSI; in the Edit Options area to display the screen shown in Figure 23
Chapter 3. Library configuration The library provides several configuration options to support a variety ofapplications and platforms. The settings for each of the available options are storedin non-volatile memory in the library. For most applications, you do not have tochange the default settings....
Page 32 - Save; . A confirmation screen appears on the display as shown in; OK; to confirm. The newly selected SCSI ID flashes for a few seconds
5. Select the button next to the SCSI ID you want to set. The screen will displaythe current setting as shown in Figure 24. 6. Enter a new value for the SCSI ID. This places your request in the New datafield. 7. Select Save . A confirmation screen appears on the display as shown in Figure 25. 8. Sel...
Page 33 - Press the; Back; button to return to the Main menu screen. Repeat this procedure; Setting up reserved tape cartridge slots
9. Press the Back button to return to the Main menu screen. Repeat this procedure to set any remaining SCSI IDs. Setting up reserved tape cartridge slots You might want to reserve tape cartridge slots to meet licensing requirements ordedicate them as cleaning slots. Standard tape cartridge slots are...
Page 34 - option from the Edit Options area.
To reserve a slot, complete the following procedure: 1. From the Menu screen, select the Library option from the Edit Options area. 2. From the Library options screen, press the down arrow to scroll to the screenthat contains the Total Reserved Slots option as shown in Figure 28. 3. Press the box ne...
Page 37 - Contact IBM
Chapter 4. Operation This chapter describes how to operate the 4560SLX Tape Library. Using the touch screen The touch screen enables you to set up and configure the library. This sectiondescribes the following options that are available from the library default screen: v Technical support informatio...
Page 38 - In a scaled multi-module library system, selecting the; Mail Slot Access; Magazine access can be password protected.; Magazine Access; Move Media
Note: In a scaled multi-module library system, selecting the Mail Slot Access button on the master library touch screen displays the mail slots of all thelibraries in the stack. This is the only way to access the mailslots of the otherlibraries. Magazine Access Select this option to display the Maga...
Page 40 - View System Data
option is displayed in the Destination box. For example, touching Slot three times displays Slot 3 in the Destination box. 5. Select the Execute Move button. The library robotics moves the cartridge to the destination you selected. LCD contrast controls This option enables you to increase or decreas...
Page 41 - Table 2 describes the available Library options.; Option
Table 2 describes the available Library options. Table 2. Library options Option Description Library Stays Offline AfterPower-up Initialization The library does not go online after power-up initialization.You must select the online option from the menu screen onthe touch screen. The default is disab...
Page 44 - This option enables you to view the settings defined in the
Table 3. SCSI configuration options (continued) Definition Option and default description Default value TapeAlert Mode This option enables you to specify the conditionsfor logging and reporting the following tape alertdata options: v Logging Disabled: Inhibits the logging feature. v No Exceptions: P...
Page 45 - Table 4 describes the available Network options.; Definition; This option enables you to display miscellaneous library; Miscellaneous Library Info; screen displays the library firmware
Table 4 describes the available Network options. Table 4. Network configuration options Definition Option and default description Default value IP AddressDetermination This option enables you to set the way an IPaddress is determined. The possible choices are:Obtain An IP Address From a DHCP Server ...
Page 46 - Utilities
Cartridge Map: This option provides a visual indication of all library drives, mail slots and magazine slots, including whether there is a cartridge present andcorresponding barcode label, if available. Utilities The Utilities area contains the following screens: v Maintenance v Diagnostics v Factor...
Page 47 - Security level; Edit Options; The Edit Options area contains the following screens:
Table 5. Security level options Security level Access User Level 1 Mail slot access only User Level 2 Mail slot and magazine access only Service User and Service menus Factory User, Service, and Factory menus Edit Options The Edit Options area contains the following screens: v Library v SCSI v Netwo...
Page 52 - The mail slot must be enabled (factory default) using the Mail Slot; Bar code labels
magazine door for mail slot access. After opening the left magazine door, pivot themail slot forward to insert a tape cartridge as shown in Figure 52. IMPORTANT: The mail slot must be enabled (factory default) using the Mail Slot Mode option from the Edit Library Options menu. For more information o...
Page 53 - Chapter 5. Maintenance; Supported media; supported; Running a cleaning cartridge
Chapter 5. Maintenance This chapter describes how to replace and run cleaning cartridges in the 4560SLXTape Library. Note: Only qualified service technicians should perform the other menu optionscontained in the Maintenance submenu. Supported media IBM supports the following brands of data and clean...
Page 54 - Manually running a cleaning cartridge; Running a cleaning cartridge from the mail slot
Manually running a cleaning cartridge You can manually run a cleaning cartridge from three locations: v The mail slot - Running a cleaning cartridge from this location does not require a magazine to be removed, a data cartridge slot to be used, or a cleaningcartridge slot to be reserved. v A data ca...
Page 56 - Destination; and then select; Cleaning Slot; in the; Destination Element; Execute Move; to put the new cleaning cartridge in the reserved slot.
11. Select Destination and then select Cleaning Slot in the Destination Element Type box. 12. Select Execute Move to put the new cleaning cartridge in the reserved slot. 46 4560SLX Tape Library: User ’s Guide
Page 57 - Chapter 6. Troubleshooting; Platform problems
Chapter 6. Troubleshooting The following information might be useful if you experience problems using the4560SLX Tape Library. Platform problems Incorrectly installing or configuring the 4560SLX Tape Drive can cause platformproblems. In this occurs, the library appears to be operating normally, but ...
Page 58 - ERP code; TROUBLESHOOTING
Table 6 lists ERPs reported on the touch screen of the library. This list includes onlythose procedures that can be safely performed by a user. For a list of FSCs andtheir related ERPs, see Table 7 on page 49. Table 6. Error recovery procedures ERP code Procedure/Description C Cycle power to the lib...
Page 59 - Message
Fault symptom codes (FSCs) Table 7 lists the FSCs and their related ERPs that might be displayed on the touchscreen. If an FSC continues, report it to IBM technical support. Table 7. Fault symptom codes Message FSC ERP OS Catastrophic Error 0901 G OS Task Exit Error 0902 G SCSI Firmware Error 1001 D...
Page 65 - Chapter 7. Using the NeoCenter utility; Establishing communication with your host; Connect; Setting IP addresses; Configure
Chapter 7. Using the NeoCenter utility The NeoCenter utility enables you to configure the unit using the Windows ® interface. The utility enables you to perform the following tasks: v Establishing communication with your host v Setting IP addresses v Setting an access password v Setting SNMP traps v...
Page 66 - Setting an access password
An upload process screen is displayed for a moment and then the Configure dialog box appears: 3. Select the IP Addresses tab. 4. Set the IP addresses by doing one of the following: v Select the check box if you want the addresses to be set by a Dynamic HostConfiguration Protocol (DHCP) or BootP serv...
Page 70 - Downloading data; Download
Downloading data The library firmware is resident in flash memory; however, IBM periodicallyupdates this code. You can find the latest firmware files by searching on ″ 4560SLX ″ on the http://www.pc.ibm.com/support IBM Web site. The configuration utilityenables you to remotely download flash image f...
Page 71 - Rebooting the library; To reboot the library, complete the following procedure:; Reboot NeoCenter; Yes; Click
Rebooting the library To reboot the library, complete the following procedure: 1. Establish communications with the library. 2. From the Diag menu, select the Reboot NeoCenter option. 3. Click Yes . 4. Click OK . Chapter 7. Using the NeoCenter utility 61
Page 74 - Operation
In order to use Web TLC, you must have the following: v A 10 BaseT Ethernet network v A dedicated IP address (either Internet or local) v A host computer with COM port (initial setup and alternative maintenanceprocedures only) v Access to your network v A web browser installed on your computer (eith...
Page 75 - Enter your password in the appropriate field and click; Login; Click the; Status; Information available from the Status screen:; Full Drive Status; Move media
2. Enter your password in the appropriate field and click Login . The Web TLC Control Panel page appears with the Status screen displayed. Status Click the Status button to view itemized status information for the library and for each drive. You can configure two browser settings from this screen: v...
Page 77 - Appendix A. Adding a tape drive; To add a tape drive, complete the following procedure:
Appendix A. Adding a tape drive This appendix explains how to add a tape drive to the library. See Chapter 1,“Introduction” for a list of tape drives supported by the library. To add a tape drive, complete the following procedure: 1. Unpack the tape drive and inspect it for any damage. If the tape d...
Page 79 - Appendix B. Adding a library module; Planning your installation
Appendix B. Adding a library module The 4560SLX architecture is uniquely suited to growing storage needs. It enablesthe robotics in the 4560SLX Tape Library to exchange cartridges by means of apass-through cartridge elevator, integrating the robotics of each individual moduleinto a single high-perfo...
Page 81 - Install the four captive fasteners into the rack rails.
2. Position the router at the top rear of the rack to locate the appropriatemounting holes in the rack rails. 3. Install the four captive fasteners into the rack rails. 4. Mount the router using the four screws (10-32x 1/2 P.H.). Do not apply poweror connect any cables. 5. You have received a pre-as...
Page 82 - Installing the cartridge elevator; Ensure that the router is mounted at the top of the rack.
Installing the cartridge elevator To install the cartridge elevator, complete the following procedure: Note: The following procedure assumes that the modules have been prepared forrack-mount installation or are installed in a rack. 1. Ensure that the router is mounted at the top of the rack. 2. If m...
Page 84 - Install all of the modules in the equipment rack.
5. Install all of the modules in the equipment rack. 6. Slide each of the 4560SLX Tape Libraries a few inches forward, starting belowthe top (master) library module.When installing the cartridge elevator assembly, work from top to bottom ofthe library assembly. This eases alignment with less binding...
Page 86 - Assembly
v Tie bars (to connect extensions) v Install hardware The following are required tools for the cartridge elevator: v #2 Phillips, stubby, or right-angle screwdriver v Flat-blade screwdriver v 0.05 in. allen wrench v Scissors or knife (for sizing the belt) Figure 69 shows a typical 10U cartridge elev...
Page 88 - Remove the other two screws from the tensioner ramp/idler pulley.
4. Turn the primary chassis face down.The belt block brackets and fasteners are now visible through the accesscutout. 5. Remove the four mounting screws from the two belt block brackets as shownin Figure 73. 6. Turn the primary chassis face up and remove the belt from the media elevatorcar and the t...
Page 89 - Mount the cartridge elevator extension:
8. Mount the cartridge elevator extension: a. Insert alignment pins of the extension to the slot at the bottom of theprimary chassis as shown in Figure 75. b. Align the tie bar pins of the two narrow tie bars to the holes in theextension and primary chassis and attach with the four mounting screws(t...
Page 90 - Attach the tensioner springs mounting hardware and springs.; Number of modules
c. Attach the large tie bars with the four mounting screws so that the bevelededge is facing the inside corner of the chassis and extension. 9. Remove the bottom stop standoff from the primary chassis and attach it to thecartridge elevator extension in the corresponding mounting hole as shown inFigu...
Page 92 - Go to “Installing the cartridge elevator” on page 72.; Module configuration
19. Secure the timing belt with the two belt brackets and four retaining screws. Ifthe belt was sized properly a small space between the belt ends is visible asshown in Figure 79. 20. Remove the 0.05 in. allen wrench from the tensioner ramp. 21. Attach the bottom plate removed from the cartridge ele...
Page 93 - Configuring the primary master module
common functions in a slave module. The following procedure prepares yourmulti-module library for cartridge elevator use. The following procedure assumes that the modules are configured for standaloneoperation, that they have been rack mounted, that the system router is installed atthe top of the ra...
Page 94 - Configuring slave modules
5. Press Master , then press Save . The Module Configuration Confirmation pop-up window is displayed. 6. Press OK . The module reboots. The touch screen will display the module as “Primary Master (Active)” whenall cabling has been performed. Configuring slave modules To configure the slave modules, ...
Page 95 - Cabling and interface connections
now controlled through the master. The missing options identify the moduleas a slave as shown in Figure 84. 8. Repeat step 1 through step 6 for all slave modules. 9. Using the touch screen, power off all modules, both master and slaves, afterconfiguration and then switch the master power switch at t...
Page 96 - Connect a cable from router port 2 to the secondary master.
2. Install a terminator on the master library controller adapter connection. 3. Optional: Connect the WAN point to the host with a 10BaseT cable as shown inFigure 64 on page 71 and Figure 85. This step is applicable to systems thatutilize a host. (For WEB TLC operations.) 4. Using 10BaseT cable, con...
Page 97 - Verifying firmware level of the slave modules
7. Connect the male to male 9-pin cartridge elevator cable from the primarymaster to the lower serial port connection on the cartridge elevator. 8. Connect the other 9-pin cartridge elevator cable from the secondary master(module 2 in this example) to the upper serial port connection on the cartridg...
Page 99 - Restoring normal operation; Local fail-over to primary master
Local fail-over to secondary master initiation The fail-over operation should be initiated when it is determined that the primarymaster module is in a hard fault condition. 1. From the secondary master touch screen, select Menu . 2. Select Maintenance . The Secondary Master Maintenance screen will a...
Page 100 - Remote fail-over to primary master; Functions; Confirm that you want to fail over to the primary module.
After rebooting, the modules will revert back to their default configurationsand the library will be fully operational. Remote fail-over to primary master To configure the primary master for remote fail-over, complete the followingprocedure: 1. If the library is connected to a network, use a Web bro...
Page 101 - Appendix C. Specifications; Hardware; Operational specifications; Reliability
Appendix C. Specifications This appendix provides hardware, environmental, primary power, and coolingspecifications and installation considerations for the 4560SLX Tape Library. Hardware The following tables provide the operational specifications, reliability, and physicalcharacteristics of the 4560...
Page 102 - Electromagnetic emissions; Electrostatic discharge
Environmental This section provides safety, electromagnetic emissions, electrostatic discharge, andvibration information for the 4560SLX Tape Library. Safety The 4560SLX Tape Library complies with the following regulatory agency productsafety specifications: Table 12. Safety specifications Agency St...
Page 103 - Shock
Temperature, humidity, and altitude The following table provides temperature, humidity, and altitude specifications forthe 4560SLX Tape Library. Table 15. Temperature, humidity, and altitude specifications (non-operating - long term) Non-operating - long term (unpacked or packed) Dry Bulb Temperatur...
Page 105 - Power line disturbance
Voltage limits The 4560SLX Tape Library is capable of using any nominal ac voltage between 100and 240 V ac power, at 50 or 60 Hz. It is capable of powering up and operatingwithout error from any voltage within the ranges specified: Frequency limits The 4560SLX Tape Library is capable of operation at...
Page 109 - Appendix E. Warranty information; Warranty period; Machine; Service and support; will be
Appendix E. Warranty information This section contains the warranty period for your product, information aboutobtaining warranty service and support, and the IBM Statement of LimitedWarranty. Warranty period Contact your place of purchase for warranty service information. Some IBMMachines are eligib...
Page 110 - Support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; Support Phone List
v Option number v Proof of purchase v Computer manufacturer, model, serial number (if IBM), and manual v Exact wording of the error message (if any) v Description of the problem v Hardware and software configuration information for your system If possible, be at your computer. Your technical support...
Page 111 - Part 1 - General Terms; The IBM Warranty for Machines:; IBM warrants that each Machine 1) is free from; Items Not Covered by Warranty:; IBM does not warrant uninterrupted or error-free; WITHOUT; To obtain warranty service for a Machine, contact IBM or your
IBM Statement of Limited Warranty Z125-4753-06 8/2000 Part 1 - General Terms This Statement of Limited Warranty includes Part 1 - General Terms and Part 2 -Country-unique Terms. The terms of Part 2 replace or modify those of Part 1. Thewarranties provided by IBM in this Statement of Limited Warranty...
Page 112 - Limitation of Liability:; Circumstances may arise where, because of a default on
During the warranty period, IBM or your reseller, if approved by IBM to providewarranty service, provides without charge certain types of repair and exchangeservice to keep Machines in, or restore them to, conformance with theirSpecifications. IBM or your reseller will inform you of the available ty...
Page 114 - laws of the State of New York.; ASIA PACIFIC; laws of the State or Territory.
Governing Law: The following replaces “laws of the country in which you acquired the Machine” in the first sentence: laws of the State of New York. ASIA PACIFIC AUSTRALIA The IBM Warranty for Machines: The following paragraph is added to this Section: The warranties specified in this Section are in ...
Page 115 - laws of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
The English language version of this Agreement prevails over any other languageversion. HONG KONG AND MACAU Governing Law: The following replaces “laws of the country in which you acquired the Machine” in the first sentence: laws of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. INDIA Limitation of Liabil...
Page 117 - THE FOLLOWING TERMS APPLY TO THE COUNTRY SPECIFIED:
disputes relating to it will be submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Englishcourts; and 5) in Greece, Israel, Italy, Portugal, and Spain any legal claim arisingout of this Statement will be brought before, and finally settled by, the competentcourt of Athens, Tel Aviv, Milan, Lisbon, and M...
Page 118 - or your reseller is informed of their possibility.
Extent of Warranty: The following is added to this Section: Except as expressly provided in these terms and conditions, all statutoryconditions, including all warranties implied, but without prejudice to the generalityof the foregoing all warranties implied by the Sale of Goods Act 1893 or the Sale ...
Page 122 - Industry Canada Class A emission compliance statement; This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.; Avis de conformite a la reglementation d’Industrie Canada
Trademarks The following terms are trademarks of International Business MachinesCorporation in the United States, other countries, or both: HelpCenterIBMxSeries Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation inthe United States, other countries, or both. Other company, pr...
Page 123 - Europen Union - EMC directive
Dieses Gerät erfüllt die Bedingungen der EN 55022 Klasse A. Für diese Klasse vonGeräten gilt folgende Bestimmung nach dem EMVG: Geräte dürfen an Orten, für die sie nicht ausreichend entstört sind, nur mitbesonderer Genehmigung des Bundesminesters für Post und Telekommunikationoder des Bundesamtes fü...
Page 124 - Unione Europea - Directiva EMC (Conformidad électromagnética)
Questo prodotto è conforme alle normative di protezione ai sensi della Direttivadel Consiglio dell’Unione Europea 89/336/CEE sull’armonizzazione legislativadegli stati membri in materia di compatibilità elettromagnetica. IBM non accetta responsabilità alcuna per la mancata conformità alle normative ...