Grundig Digital Radio - Manuals

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE WHAT IS DIGITAL RADIO? 8 2 What is Digital Radio? Since the early days of broadcasting, analogue systems have been used to carryprogrammes from the studios to the listeners. Now, due to the growing number ofbroadcasters and programme services, the frequency bands allocated to AM ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE WHAT IS DIGITAL RADIO? 9 Table 2.1. Digital Radio Systems AVAILABILITY SYSTEM Terrestrial in service date Satellite in service date Eureka 147(ITU-R Digital System A) 1995(for the UK, Norway, Denmark and Sweden) --- DRM - Digital Radio MondialeETSI ES 201 980 V1.2.2 (2003-4)Inter...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE WHY DIGITAL RADIO? 10 3 Why Digital Radio? The existing AM and FM analogue systems suffer from inherent short-comings andneither can offer uniform reception quality throughout the coverage area. AM radioreception is constrained by bandwidth limitations, which restrict the audio q...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DRM 11 4 Terrestrial Transmission Systems This section provides a technical overview of the various digital radio systems availablefor terrestrial application: DRM, DAB, ISDB-TSB, and HD Radio. These systems operate in various frequency bands an...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DRM 12 The combination of these techniques results in high quality sound in a narrow channelwith robust reception in an intended coverage area with relatively low transmission power. In addition, source coding schemes using lower bit rates than ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DRM 13 The energy dispersal provides an ordering of the bits that reduces the possibility of unwanted regularity in the transmitted signal. The channel encoder adds redundant bits as a means for error protection andcorrection and defines the map...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DRM 14 • MDI – Multiplex Distribution Interface: covers the transport of data andcommands from the DRM multiplexer to the DRM Modulator. • MCI – Modulator Control Interface: covers the remote signalling of commands and setups to the modulator an...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DRM 15 DRM Source Decoding super framing demux AAC Decoder CELP Decoder SBR Decoder bit stream Audio output HVXC Decoder Extensive tests on these codecs at the sampling rates and resulting “bandwidths”have determined that AAC and especially AAC ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DRM 16 FAC provides information on the signal bandwidth and other such parameters, and is also used to allow service selection information for fast scanning. The SDC gives information to a receiver on how to decode the MSC, how to find alternati...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DRM 17 QAM is used for the modulation that is impressed upon the subcarriers to conveythe information. Two primary QAM constellations are used: 64-QAM and 16-QAM.The former provides the highest audio quality, but is less robust than the latter. ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 19 4.2 DAB – Eureka 147 Eureka 147 1 is a digital radio system developed in Europe for reception by mobile, portable and fixed receivers with a simple non directional antenna. It can be used interrestrial, satellite, hybrid (satellite with c...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 20 Many ancillary aspects of the Eureka 147 system, such as multimedia delivery,distribution interfaces and user interactivity are also formally defined in ETSI standards. Eureka 147 can be implemented for a range of applications such as wid...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 21 challenges for many current radio broadcasting markets, which are typically served by amixture of narrowcasting, community, commercial and national services using AM andFM frequencies with different or overlapping licence and coverage are...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 22 the DAB networks. Both started simulcasting their FM stations utilising 25 percentrespectively on the national and the two regional networks. DR continuesbroadcasting in the remaining 75 percent of both networks. (4) France Public broadca...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 23 was awarded a license to provide the world’s first DAB subscription services andoperate its own multiplex. (8) South Korea In 2002, the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC) in Korea approvedthe use of DAB for the transmission o...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 24 (13) United Kingdom The public service broadcaster, the BBC, has been promoting its DAB Digital Radio stations since September 1995 and at present covers over 85 per cent of thepopulation and includes the major motorway network. Digital O...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 25 Table 4.1. Eureka 147 Main System Features EUREKA 147 Main System Features Single Frequency Network (SFN) capability All transmitters working on a singlefrequency. Flexible audio bit rate Allows reconfiguration of the multiplex. Data serv...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 26 services to individual clients or relatively small groups of clients. The telecomsystems are technically able to provide services to several users in the same time, providing that the number of simultaneous users (or, in other words, the ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 27 (3) Synergies with Digital Television Although the DVB systems (e.g., DVB-S, DVB-C and DVB-T) were primarilydesigned for television broadcasting, they can and do provide radio (audio-only)programs. DVB-T is a proven technology for digital...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 28 T-DMB receiving devices have become available and are integrated within mobilephones, in portable PCs and small screen portable devices. Several pilot trials and projects are ongoing in Korea, UK, Germany, France and elsewhere. It should ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 29 DAB. Notwithstanding the results of such a study, it should be rememberedthat the ultimate choice may not necessarily be taken on purely the technical grounds. The history teaches us that not always the best technology wins, as the busine...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 31 Figure 4.3: Conceptual diagram of the outer coder and interleaver For generic audio coding, a subset of the MPEG-4 High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding v2 (HE AAC v2) toolbox - chosen to best suit the DAB system environment - is used. So...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 32 (1) In-Home Receivers With launch prices high in 1999 and very little broadcast content available, take-upwas predictably slow, and product was initially stocked only by a handful ofspecialist retailers. Today, a wide range of manufacture...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 33 Table 4.2: List of manufacturers and their DAB products Type of Receiver Receiver Manufacturer Portable Tuner/ Hi -Fi In -Car Hand-Held PC Website Acoustic Solutions v v www.acousticsolutions.co.uk Alba Radios Limited v Albrecht v v www.a...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - DAB 34 Type of Receiver Receiver Manufacturer Portable Tuner/ Hi -Fi In -Car Hand-Held PC Website Nevada v www.nevadaradio.co.uk Onkvo v Opel v www.opel.de Orbit v www.orbitronics.com Panasonic v v www.panasonic.de Perstel v v v www.perstel.com ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISDB-TSB 35 4.3 Japan's Digital Radio Broadcasting (ISDB-TSB) 4.3.1 Overview ISDB-TSB (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting – Terrestrial for Sound Broadcasting) system was developed for terrestrial Digital Sound Broadcasting (DSB)and was in...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISDB-TSB 36 from the consideration of cross-media communications. Introduction of chargedbroadcasting depends on the result after the feasibility is examined. (3) Multiplexing System MPEG-2 system has been adopted, therefore various digital cont...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISDB-TSB 37 Figure 4.4: ISDB-TSB and full-band ISDB-T transmission concept and its reception (6) Hierarchical transmission and partial reception In the triple-segment transmission, both one layer transmission and hierarchicaltransmission can be ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISDB-TSB 38 Figure 4.5: Example diagram of hierarchical transmission and partial reception (7) Connected transmission Efficient transmission Connected transmission is defined as a transmission of multiple segments (e.g.,multiple programs) from t...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISDB-TSB 39 Figure 4.6: Example of connected transmission (three TS’s) Figure 4.7: CP carrier in an ordinary transmission Figure 4.8: CP carrier in connected transmission Parameter restrictions in connected transmission The same mode should be a...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISDB-TSB 40 (8) Transmission capacities The transmission capacities of the single-segment and the triple-segment areshown in Table 4.3 and 4.4 respectively. Table 4.3: Information bit rates for the single-segment transmission (Segment BW=6/14MHz...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISDB-TSB 41 4.3.3 Characteristics (1) More channels Terrestrial TV broadcasting will be discontinued in July 2011. However, in the case of radio, existing AM, FM, and SW analog services are expected to continue, thusdigital radio is being positi...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISDB-TSB 42 • To define a specification for transmission signals on experimental radio waves • To operate experimental radio waves and to publicize operation schedules (2) Trial receivers At present, no receivers are sold in the commercial marke...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISDB-TSB 43 (3) Broadcasting of simplified moving images Actions of a DJ in a studio booth, music promotion images or so are beingbroadcast linked to the programs. (4) Download service experiment With the interactive function of cell phones and ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 44 4.4 iBiquity HD Radio System The HD Radio system developed by US-based iBiquity Digital was designed for regionswhere limited spectrum prevents the allocation of new frequencies for digital broadcasting. The HD Radio system allows br...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 45 4.4.1 HD Radio Standards Activity Both the AM and FM HD Radio systems have received international endorsements aswell as endorsements in the United States. The AM HD Radio system is included inRecommendation ITU-R BS.1514-1, adopted ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 46 existing analogue signal. As a result, HD Radio receivers are expected to cost no morethan 20% more than existing analogue receivers. Figure 4.9 - Typical HD Radio Automobile Receivers The first phase of the HD Radio receiver roll ou...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 47 The flow of service content through the HD Radio broadcast system is as follows: • Service content enters the HD Radio broadcast system via Service Interfaces; • Content is assembled for transport using a specific protocol; • It is r...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 48 (4) Waveforms and Spectra The HD Radio system provides a flexible means of transitioning to a digitalbroadcast system by providing three new waveform types: Hybrid, Extended Hybrid, and All Digital. The Hybrid and Extended Hybrid typ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 49 additional spectrum, allocated to the inner edge of each primary sideband, istermed the primary extended sideband. See Figure 4.10. (7) FM All Digital Waveform The greatest system enhancements are realized with the All Digital wavefo...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 50 Figure 4.12: Hybrid AM HD Radio system spectrum allotment 4.4.5 HD Radio Subsystems A basic block diagram representation of the system is shown in Figure 4.13. It represents the HD Radio digital radio system as three major subsystems...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 51 Figure 4.13: Functional Block Diagram of HD Radio System (1) Audio Source Coding and Compression The Audio subsystem performs the source coding and compression of the sampled digitized Main Program Service (MPS) Audio program materia...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 52 (3) RF/Transmission System “RF/Transmission” refers to channel coding and modulation. The channel codertakes the multiplexed bit stream and applies coding and interleaving that can beused by the receiver to reconstruct the data from ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 53 stereo signal is digitally demodulated and demultiplexed by the FM receiver to produce a sampled, stereo audio signal. The base band digital signal is first sent to the modem, where it is processed by the First Adjacent Cancellation ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 54 HD Radio system have also been shown to be multipath-free even in challengingpropagation conditions. (3) Frequency Response It is difficult to evaluate the exact frequency response of a codec, because it willchange dynamically depend...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 55 Figure 4.16 -4 -3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 64 96 128 160 192 kbps MPEG AAC Dolby AC3 Lucent PAC MPEG L2 Source: Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol. 46, No. 3, March 1998, p. 164. Where the signal quality refers to the S...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 56 4.4.8 Infrastructure Requirements At this writing, approximately 250 HD Radio stations have commenced operations in theUnited States with an additional 300 stations currently licensed to commence operationsin the coming year. Consume...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - HD RADIO 57 Deployment Status Current deployment statistics for the HD Radio System in the United States are shownbelow. Figure 4.17: Deployment status of HD Radio in the United States as of February 2005 570 Licensees 140 Markets46 Top 50 Marke...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISSUES 58 4.5 Issues related to Terrestrial Systems 4.5.1 Spectrum Availability Government policies on frequency management and spectrum pricing affect all radiobroadcasting development. In some countries the radio spectrum is looked upon as ame...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISSUES 59 services within the planning area. These include airborne military services and television services in the VHF bands as well as fixed and aeronautical telemetry in the L-Band. Overall, there were sufficient allotments made in the Wiesb...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISSUES 60 Figure 4.19: T-DAB coverages in Band III The number of coverages can be estimated by analyzing the coverage maps taking intoconsideration, when relevant, the overlapping areas between allotments or assignmentareas. The table below show...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISSUES 61 Figure 4.20: Estimation of the channel usage in Band III for T-DAB (RPC4: suitable for mobile reception; RPC5: suitable for portable indoor reception) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 5A 5B 5C 5D 6A 6B 6C 6D 7A 7B 7C 7D 8A 8B 8C 8D 9A 9B 9C 9...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISSUES 62 Figure 4.21: End of the transition period In summary, the full potential of the new digital plans will not be available until theanalogue switch off. In terms of propagation performance at L-Band using T-DAB, concern about theefficienc...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - ISSUES 63 broadcasters can be expected to have significant flexibility in determining whenand how to phase out the analogue portion of the IBOC signal all together. In addition, the simulcasting of audio material in some IBOC systems, while done...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE SATELLITE TRANSMISSION - WORLDSPACE 65 5 Satellite Transmission The Broad Picture For many years, satellites in geostationary orbits (GSO’s) have been used successfullyby broadcasters for distributing programmes and services from the originating studios toterrestrial transmitting...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE SATELLITE TRANSMISSION - WORLDSPACE 67 Broadcasters using the service are able to uplink their programmes from eithercentralised hubs or via individual feeder links located in any of the uplink footprints of the3 satellites. Whilst this ease of access for broadcasters is a plus f...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE SATELLITE TRANSMISSION - WORLDSPACE 68 Subsequently WorldSpace developed a hybrid satellite and terrestrial repeater systemdesignated as ITU-R System Dh to provide reliable reception in vehicles. This systemhas other enhancements including time diversity. This system has also bee...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE SATELLITE TRANSMISSION - SIRIUS / XM 69 5.2 SIRIUS Satellite Radio / XM Satellite Radio These two US-based organisations have implemented and are operating satellite radiosystems providing a variety of mobile/fixed services throughout the 48 contiguous states, in Canada and offsh...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE SATELLITE TRANSMISSION - SIRIUS / XM 70 reduces the need for terrestrial repeaters and lowers the probability of outages fromblockage and foliage attenuation. Currently, Sirius employs approximately 100 repeatersites and XM approximately 800. 5.2.1 Sirius Overview The first Siriu...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE SATELLITE TRANSMISSION - SIRIUS / XM 71 Figure 5.3. Sirius SDARS Delivery System Sirius SDARS Delivery System The Sirius constellation consists of three satellites in inclined, elliptical geosynchronousorbits whose planes are 120° apart, as shown following. The satellite orbital ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE SATELLITE TRANSMISSION - SIRIUS / XM 72 Figure 5.4. Sirius Constellation Each satellite follows the other around the ground track in following picture with 8-hourseparation. The perigee in the southern hemisphere is 24,500 km, which is above theVan Allen belt, and the apogee in t...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE SATELLITE TRANSMISSION - SIRIUS / XM 74 Changes Made For Sirius Inclined Elliptical Orbits Parameter Geostationary Inclined Elliptical Dry Mass 1300 kg 1575 kg RF power (operating) 2.5 kW 4 kW DC power – EOLSolar ArrayBattery 7.5 kW7.5 kW 8.5 kW8.8 kW Control System 3-wheel mom b...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE SATELLITE TRANSMISSION - MOBILE BC / TU MEDIA 75 5.3 Mobile Broadcasting Corp. and TU Media Corp. – ITU-R System E Mobile Broadcasting Corporation is a commercial organisation based in Tokyo, Japanand TU Media Corporation is a commercial organization based in Seoul, Korea. Althou...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 77 The study identified the following reasons why people listen to Internet radio, as opposed to off-air radio: To listen to audio not available elsewhere 17% To control/choose the music played 15% Fewer commercials 14% Greater variety of music 13% Clearer signal t...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 78 6.4 Internet Radio as a complement to established radio services Since 1995, most traditional broadcasters have set up websites in order to providecomplementary information for their listeners and viewers. The websites can provide avariety of textual and pictori...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 79 to seven days before. One example is the BBC Radio Player. This on-demand serviceallows users to time-shift broadcasts and frees them from the constraint of adhering tostation schedules. On-demand transfers control to the listeners: they can create their own sch...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 80 The streaming system architecture comprises four elements: capture and encoding,serving, distribution and delivery and media player. Capture and encoding takes the source audio from the microphone and exports it into acompressed (encoded) computer file. These fi...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 81 (3) WiMAX WiMAX is a new IP-based communications technology based on the IEEE 802.16-2004 standard, which will provide broadband wireless access to portable deviceslike laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and smartphones. W iMAX willcomplement fixed DSL ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 82 (6) Podcasting Podcasting is a way to 'subscribe' to radio programmes and have them delivered to your personal computer. Podcasting stands for Personal On-Demand(narrow)casting. It combines blogging with audio files that can be played on yourPC or MP3 player. It...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 83 An interesting example of a PC audio player is the BBC Radio Player which is a PCapplication that allows Internet users to download BBC radio programmes via aprogramme guide for up to 7 days after broadcast. BBC is now in the process of trialling an Integrated M...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 84 In order to promote their Internet services, broadcasters must communicate the allimportant web addresses to listeners. It is not the aim of this paper to explore marketingtechniques, but suffice to say that broadcasters can achieve this in a variety of ways:dur...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 85 1,006,579 hours of listening. In addition to duration of listening, Arbitron also publishesdemographic highlights such as the peak listening day, peak listening time, geography,age and gender categories, etc. While such statistical evidence is very useful, it do...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 86 Some additional specific media-related parameters are those related to media players,quality delivered and user behaviour, as follows: • Which Media Player (Audio/Video/Graphics)? • Which speed (bandwidth) for a combination of audio and video programme? • Start-...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 87 Virgin Radio has been available on the net for nearly a decade. In 1996, Virgin was thefirst station in Europe to broadcast 24 hours online, initially using Real Player. Nowadays, Virgin has four radio stations, which are available online in a variety of differe...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 88 The main assets of Internet Radio are its global reach, interactivity and personalisation.While today the users need a computer device and a broadband connection to accessInternet radio stations, in future they will be able to enjoy it on a number of portablewir...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 89 Access Pass for $3.65 a month gives better audio sound, although it is difficult to siftthrough the stations for VIP members-only. Radio VH1 www.vh1.com/radio Radio VH1 has more than 70 stations plus music news, including scrolling ticker. Withineach station is ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE INTERNET RADIO 90 streams in 148 countries. There are drop down menus to search for stations. Users donot need to register to listen to music. The only thing missing is links to Internet-onlystations. SHOUTcast http://www.shoutcast.com SHOUTcast is Nullsoft's Free Winamp-based di...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE SOURCES 91 7 Some Sources for the Digital Radio Guide • “Digital Radio in the United States: technologies, markets and recent developments,” Richard L. Anglin, paper presented at the conference on ‘Digital and the future ofradio and audio’ (May 1997). • “AM Hybrid IBOC DAB System...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE SOURCES 92 • Soulodre,G. A.; Grusec, T.; Lavoie, M.; and Thibault, L. (1998)., SubjectiveEvaluation of State-of-the-Art Two-Channel Audio Codecs., Journal of the AudioEngineering Society, vol. 46, no. 3, Mar., pp. 164-177. • “DAB Ensembles Worldwide”. http://www.wohnort.demon.co....

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 94 APPENDIX A The Eureka 147 System - System Description Overview The Eureka DAB System has been designed to ensure rugged and reliable reception by listeners using fixed, portable or mobile receivers with non-directional antennas. The system is spectrumand...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 95 Modes of Operation Eureka 147 provides four transmission mode options that allow for a wide range of transmissionfrequencies, between 30 and 3000 MHz, and network configurations. For the nominal frequencyranges, the transmission modes have been designed ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 96 Data Services Each audio program contains PAD with a variable capacity (minimum 667 bps, up to 65 kbps)which is used to convey information together with the sound program. Typical examples of PADapplications are dynamic range control information, a dynam...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 97 Table A.2: Example of possible number of programs Protection level (increasing protection) Audio data rate (kbps) 5 4 3 2 1 24* N/A 64 48 36 24 32 54 41 36 29 24 64 27 20 18 14 12 128 13 10 9 7 6 192 9 7 6 5 4 224 7 6 5 4 3 256 6 5 4 3 3 * At most audio ...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 98 The European CEPT channel plan encompasses four frequency bands, namely VHF Bands I, IIand III and L Band. Allotments were made to allow the implementation of two Eureka 147ensembles in any given country or area in Europe. The majority of these allotment...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 99 Chester 97, ”The Chester 1997 multilateral coordination agreement relating to the technicalcriteria, coordinating principles and procedures for the introduction of terrestrial digital videobroadcasting (DVB T),” 25 July 1997; ITU R Recommendation BT.1368...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 100 show that L Band can be used to provide indoor reception with a well designed terrestrialretransmission network. Canadian authorities consider L Band to be suitable for terrestrial digitalradio services and are using only L Band for their Eureka 147 ser...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 101 In MOT, the "table of contents" function is handled by the MOT Directory Object and its operationis illustrated below: If we replace the file animals/lion with a new file called animals/tiger, the carousel would thenappear as shown below: The re...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 102 If the length of the text to be displayed is longer than 64 characters, the text can be incrementalor scrolling. Broadcast Website BWS is a local interactive service; the user selects information already received by a browser.This “radio web” service al...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 103 events). Additionally programmes and events can be linked together into groups (e.g. forgrouping programmes together into serials or series). EPG will be useful to promote new programmes and to attract new listeners. It is also enable forfuture technolo...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 104 Figure A.1 below shows the architecture of DAB Java. Figure A.1 The development and implementation of DAB Java requires close cooperation of content, service, network providers and terminal manufacturers. DAB Receiver Interfaces In order to introduce ne...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 105 commercial receivers using a common scrambling algorithm and a common receiver interface,however allowing the use of different commercial CA systems such as Simulcrypt and Multicrypt. SBR Layer II Spectrum Band Replication (SBR) is a process, proposed b...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 106 contents regularly. There is no need for return link to the service provider. This "audio anytime"system is particularly attractive for in-car applications. IP datacasting in DAB The DAB system is capable of carrying IP packets (datagrams) using...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 107 TPEG can be transported within the DAB system in the Transparent Data Channel (TDC) in astream-like format; bytes come out in the same order they go in. 29 The TDC Specification allows TPEG data to be carried in three modes: packet mode, stream mode and...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 108 Number Title Definition and use of RDS-ODA EN 302 077 V1.1.1 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Harmonised EN for Terrestrial Digital Audio Broadcast (TDAB) equipment used in the sound broadcasting service. ES 201 735 Digita...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX A: EUREKA 147 109 Receiver Standards European receiver standards have been developed by CENELEC, IEC and national standardsbodies (e.g., UK). A list of relevant receiver standards is in Table A.4. Table A.4: Receiver Standards for Eureka 147 Reference Title CENELEC EN 50...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX B: WEBSITES 110 APPENDIX B Relevant World Wide Websites Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) www.atsc.org AsiaDAB www.asiadab.org Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU) www.abu.org.my Audio Engineering Society (AES) www.aes.org BBC (DAB) www.bbc.co.uk/digitalradio...

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX B: WEBSITES 111 World Broadcasting Unions (WBU) www.worldbroadcastingunions.org World Radio Network www.wrn.org WorldDAB www.worlddab.org WorldSpace Radio www.worldspace.com XM Satellite Radio www.xm.com

DIGITAL RADIO GUIDE APPENDIX C: ACRONYMS 112 APPENDIX C Glossary of Acronyms AAC Advanced Audio Coding AAS Advanced Application Services ADR Astra Digital Radio AM Amplitude Modulation API Advanced Programming Interface ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BER Bit Erro...

117 DISCLAIMER The information in the World Broadcasting Unions Technical Committee (WBU-TC) Digital Radio Guide is for general information purposes only. While the WBU makes every effort to providecontent that is correct, accurate, and timely, the WBU makes the Digital Radio Guide and itscontent av...