Page 2 - Contents
Page 2 networks.nokia.com Contents Introduction 3 Carrier Aggregation in live networks 4 Multi-band traffic management 5 Coverage benefits 9 FDD and TDD aggregation 10 Carrier aggregation in Heterogeneous Networks 10 Aggregation with supplemental downlink 11 Aggregation with unlicensed frequencies 1...
Page 3 - Introduction; Fig. 1. Data rate evolution in downlink with carrier aggregation
Page 3 networks.nokia.com R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 1 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 2012 2013 150 Mbps 20 MHz 2x2 MIMO 150 Mbps 10+10 MHz 2x2 MIMO 2014 2015 300 Mbps 20+20 MHz 2x2 MIMO 450 Mbps 3CA 2x2 MIMO...
Page 4 - Carrier Aggregation in live networks; Fig. 3. Peak rate measurements with Category 6 device
Page 4 networks.nokia.com R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 2 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 Figure 2. Average throughput 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Mbps Pcell Scell CA Carrier Aggregation in live networks Carrier aggre...
Page 5 - Multi-band traffic management
Page 5 networks.nokia.com The drive test data rate with a Cat 6 device in good signal conditions is shown in Figure 4. The results indicate that it is possible to achieve data rates of 250 – 300 Mbps in the field if the signal and interference conditions are favorable. Fig. 4. Drive test data rate w...
Page 6 - Fig. 5. Aggregation of all low bands in macro cells
Page 6 networks.nokia.com R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 5 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 1800 2100 3500 700 2600 900 5400 800 2300 1400 3.5 GHz in small cells or macro cells with aggregation 700 – 2600 MHz aggre...
Page 7 - Fig. 7. Advanced resource allocation between CA and non-CA devices
Page 7 networks.nokia.com R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 7 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 0 20 40 60 80 100 Mbps Pcell SCell Sum CA UE Non-CA UE LTE networks will have a mixture of new CA devices and legacy non-C...
Page 8 - The Scell’s coverage area may be different to that of the Pcell in
Page 8 networks.nokia.com R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 8 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 User movement Primary carrier Secondary carrier 1 4 3 2 Figure 8. CA activation based on data volume Channel quality-based...
Page 9 - Coverage benefits
Page 9 networks.nokia.com R 18 G 65 B 145 R 0 G 201 B 255 R 104 G 113 B 122 R 216 G 217 B 218 R 168 G 187 B 192 Core and background colors: 9 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014 LTE 1800 Figure 9. LTE 800 Uplink Uplink Downlink Downlink -120 dBm -130 dBm Coverage benefits LTE coverage in the macro c...
Page 11 - called supplemental downlink. 3GPP has defined two supplemental
Page 11 networks.nokia.com Aggregation with supplemental downlink Carrier aggregation allows the benefit of downlink only frequencies, called supplemental downlink. 3GPP has defined two supplemental downlink bands, Band 29 and 32. These bands can be used to enhance downlink data rates and capacity w...
Page 12 - Fig. 12. Aggregation of licensed and unlicensed frequencies; Device power consumption
Page 12 networks.nokia.com Aggregation with unlicensed frequencies LTE can also use the unlicensed 5 GHz band to boost network capacity and data rates. This is under specification in 3GPP Release 13 and is called LTE for Unlicensed (LTE-U) or Licensed Assisted Access (LAA). The solution uses carrier...
Page 13 - Fig. 14. Power consumption for a large file transfer
Page 13 networks.nokia.com This can be seen in Figure 13 and Figure 14. The carrier aggregation case provides the lowest average power consumption when calculated over the total period of 185 seconds including the active download and idle time. Carrier aggregation increases power consumption if it i...
Page 14 - Evolution of Carrier Aggregation
Page 14 networks.nokia.com Evolution of Carrier Aggregation Carrier aggregation is evolving further. 3GPP Release 10 supported a maximum of five component carriers while the signaling capability was extended beyond five carriers in Release 12. Many operators have even more than 100 MHz of spectrum a...
Page 15 - Summary; device power consumption.; Further reading; LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation video
Page 15 networks.nokia.com Summary Carrier aggregation is the most important feature in LTE-Advanced because it improves the practical data rates, enhances the network capacity, simplifies the traffic management and extends the coverage area. Carrier aggregation started commercially in 2013. The pea...