Cabletron Systems DMS-100 - Manuals

vi Publication history 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 vii Contents About this document xv When to use this document xv How to check the version and issue of this document xv References in this document xv Internet request for comment documents xvi What precautionary messages mean xvii How commands, parameters, an...

viii Contents 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Operational measurements 43 Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 45 Software architecture 46 Supported protocols 49 Addressing 54 Protocol engineering 61 IP throttling 61 TCP connection management 61 FTP session control 63 Protocol buffer engineeri...

Contents ix DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Datafill 95 Sample datafill for table ENTYPES 96 Table EXNDINV 96 Datafill sequence and implications 97 Datafill 98 Sample datafill for table EXNDINV 102 Chapter 4: EIU maintenance 103 EIU MAP level 104 Manual busy state 104 In-service state 104 EI...

x Contents 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 IP addresses 150 Address masks 157 Network numbering example 158 Firewalls and network security 159 Variable-width subnetworks 160 Protocols related to Internet Protocol 160 Internet Protocol 160 Internet control message protocol 161 Transmission co...

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 xi List of figures Figure 1 Overall architecture of enhanced SuperNode system 24 Figure 2 Ethernet interface data flow 26 Figure 3 EIU mapping to lower levels of the OSI communications model 28 Figure 4 Link interface shelf, with 2-slot EIU locations 29 Figure...

xii 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Figure 34 Subnet mask: class C 156 Figure 35 IP addressing: class D 157 Figure 36 IP addressing: class E 157 Figure 37 Address mask example 158 Figure 38 Simple network numbering 159 Figure 39 Host configuration 166 Figure 40 Router configurations 167 Figu...

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 xiii List of tables Table 1 DMS-Core feature packages 38 Table 2 DMS-bus port engineering requirements for peripherals 41 Table 3 IP routing table 60 Table 4 IP route list table 60 Table 5 TCP connection limits by SuperNode subsystem 62 Table 6 UDP connection ...

xiv 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Table 34 FTP operations reference: workstation to DMS 136 Table 35 FTP operations reference: DMS to workstation 138 Table 36 IP address classes 150 Table 37 NIC IP address request form 172

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 xv About this document This document is a source of information for the Ethernet interface unit (EIU)product. The document provides the following information: • hardware description • protocol descriptions • datafill requirements • maintenance • background inf...

xvi 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 • Commands Reference Manual, 297-1001-822 • DMS SuperNode DataSPAN Frame Relay Service Maintenance Guide,297-5111-501 • DMS SuperNode SCP II Maintenance Guide, 297-5131-541 • Link Interface Unit (LIU7) Memory Calculation, System EngineeringBulletin SEB 92-...

xvii DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 • Clarifications and Extensions for the Bootstrap Protocol, RFC1542 • File Transfer Protocol, RFC959 • Internet Control Message Protocol, RCF792 • Internet Protocol, RFC791 • OSPF Version 2, RFC1583 • Reverse Address Resolution Protocol, RFC903 • Routing ...

xviii 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 CAUTION Possibility of equipment damage CAUTION Possibility of static electricity damage DANGER Possibility of personal injury DANGER Possibility of electrocution How commands, parameters, and responses are represented Commands, parameters, and responses...

xix DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Commands and fixed parameters Commands and fixed parameters that are entered at a MAP terminal are shownin uppercase letters: >BSY CTRL ctrl_no Variables Variables are shown in lowercase letters: >BSY CTRL ctrl_no The letters or numbers that the vari...

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 21 Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU This chapter describes the Ethernet interface unit (EIU). Topics in the chapter include the following: • overview of the EIU • system architecture • hardware description • limitations and restrictions • feature packaging C...

22 Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 • EIU provisioning requirements • billing • service orders • user interface characteristics • logs, alarms, and operational measurements (OM) Overview of the EIU The EIU is an application-specific unit (ASU) that supports ...

Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 23 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 • Cellular digital packet data (CDPD). The CDPD service transportsdatagrams between the mobile and private/public data networks. • Programmable service node (PSN). PSN is a flexible platform that letsoperating companies ra...

24 Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Figure 1 Overall architecture of enhanced SuperNode system DMS-bus interface and expansion Two methods are used to interface processing engines to the DMS-bus. Directlinks between the processors and the DMS-bus is the prim...

Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 25 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 second-level message switches are referred to as local message switches(LMS). The frame transport bus (F-bus) is a 32-Mbit/s messaging bus that resemblesthe MS in its protocol. The use of a narrower data path allows access...

Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 27 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 The Ethernet interface takes advantage of commercially supported peripheralsand functions. These interface devices are selected and qualified forapplications in the DMS-100 switch, with particular attention to hardwarecomp...

28 Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Figure 3 EIU mapping to lower levels of the OSI communications model Hardware description The EIU is based on hardware originally developed for the signaling transferpoint (STP). One of the main components of the STP is th...

Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 29 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 RAM. The NTEX22CA provides 32 Mbyte of RAM and higherthroughput performance. NTEX22 also contains a peripheral bus (P-bus) to F-bus interface. The P-bus to F-bus interface connects the processor bus with the frame bus, whi...

Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 31 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Figure 7 DMS SuperNode FLIS with an EIU Ethernet interface card (NT9X84) The EIC is based on commercial Ethernet interface chips. It supports oneEthernet communications link and processes all of the level 1 and part of the...

32 Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Figure 8 Ethernet interface architecture Ethernet physical interfaces The physical interface to the Ethernet system is defined by the paddle boardlocated behind the EIC. The interfaces available are described in the follow...

Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 33 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 For a 10BaseT twisted-pair LAN, the AUI connection is usually on one sidewith an RJ-11 telephone jack on the other. Typically, standard office four-wirecircuits are used to connect the MAU to the hub. The hub is an electro...

34 Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 interface shelf (SNSE LIS). Nortel has tested the EIU for installation,operation, administration, and maintenance on each of these platforms. EIU hardware capabilities and limitations The following points describe EIU-spec...

Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 35 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 — programs were not aware that a period of time had elapsed — The router stopped routing packets. The EIU remained fully functional throughout the broadcast storm test.Although traffic from the EIU stopped, this stoppage w...

36 Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 System-wide limitations The EIU is collocated in an LPP shelf with other ASUs such as the linkinterface unit (LIU7) and frame relay interface unit (FRIU). The exactconfiguration of ASU-type units depends on the application...

Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 37 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 The Ethernet address in the LIUINV table has the format of the NortelSuperNode family range of addresses: X000075Fxxxxx, where X ishexadecimal notation and x is a variable. For more information on MACaddresses, refer to “A...

38 Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 TCP Each TCP connection has its own state machine. For the number of allowedconnections, refer to Table 5, TCP connection limits by Supernode subsystemin this document. There are also SOS limitations in that applications t...

Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 39 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Software for peripheral processors is controlled through package lists thatdefine the entities for a specific load. The EIU may have several loadsdepending upon the applications resident on it. As of CSP02, the EIU-related...

40 Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 is in 21R), the cards in the MS at the other end of the link must also beprovisioned in slot 21. This example is shown in figure 9. Figure 9 Example of DMS-bus intermessage switch configuration The following cards must als...

Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 41 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 The information in table 2 defines the port requirements for EIU installation. EIU provisioning Provisioning of EIUs is application dependent. The number of EIUs requiredand their configuration is determined by a combinati...

42 Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 — the EIU state • During normal operation, the default EIU routes all messages to the CM.If there is a problem with the default EIU or its links, the following occurs: — the default EIU advertises to the network that it is...

Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 43 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Logs, alarms, and OMs In general, the subsystems that generate logs, alarms, and OMs do not havesignificant changes apart from the standard DMS-100 reporting sub-systems. Log reports All logs from the EIU conform to the DM...

44 Chapter 1: Introduction to the EIU 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 45 Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols This chapter describes the Ethernet interface unit (EIU) software architecture: • SuperNode software architecture • protocol engineering • Internet Protocol (IP) throttling CAUTIONPossible loss of network security Using th...

46 Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Software architecture The protocol stack supported on the DMS-core includes the following: • bootstrap protocol (BOOTP) • file transfer protocol (FTP) • IP • telnet • transmission control protocol (TCP) • user datagram pro...

Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 47 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Figure 11 SuperNode TCP/ IP protocol stack The message flow between SuperNode nodes, and between SuperNode nodesand external Ethernet LAN, is shown in figure 12 in this section. ICMP IP ARP TCP UDP GNI (generic subnet inte...

Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 49 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Supported protocols The EIU software is designed such that the EIU can be configured to run asone of the following: • Internet host: EIU is involved only in supporting applications such asMessage Detail Recording for SS7 (...

50 Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 has an Ethernet card). Such nodes have to be on the same subnet as the CMto be configured through the BOOTP server on the CM, except if themaximum hops count accepted by the server is increased. File transfer protocol File...

Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 51 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 detects and sets the record length. To manually set the record length, use theLRECL command. This command changes the record length locally at theclient site and sends the command to the server. The command is appliedlocal...

52 Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Internet Protocol The IP control software supports the IP logic, which provides a connectionlessdatagram service between hosts. The IP software is designed such that thesame modules provide IP host and IP router functional...

Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 53 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 The MAPCI supports asynchronous output to both the scroll area and a “fullscreen” area. The input, however, is buffered in a line-by-line mode. Thiscombination of features requires that the telnet client perform echoing of...

54 Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Upon receiving RIP update from either another EIU or IP router on the LAN,the RIP software updates internal IP routing table. According to RFC1058,RIP response messages are transmitted every 30 s to Ethernet LAN. Addressin...

Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 55 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 “Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing” for more information onInternet addressing. The IP address features and restrictions within the SuperNode switch are asfollows: • The Class A, B, and C address schemes are s...

56 Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Figure 13 Typical configuration for LAN and SuperNode subnets For more information on IP addresses, refer to “Appendix H: IP networknumber requests” and “Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing”. How to get IP addre...

Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 57 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 • the IP address class • the IP address subnet size based on number of subnets and the maximumnumber of hosts per subnet (also, consider future expansion of thenetwork) • the IP addresses for HUBs and routers • the dynamic...

58 Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 • Upon failure of any one EIU IP router, the traffic is switched over toanother available (in service) EIU IP router on the same LAN. • IP routing handles a mix of EIU IP routers and EIU hosts on the sameLAN. • A simple lo...

Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 59 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Figure 14 An example SuperNode Ethernet Workstation Workstation LMS EIU200 EIU201 APUX20 LIU7 CM MS APX LMS EIU100 EIU101 APUX10 LIU7 Ethernet LAN Ethernet LAN Ethernet LAN Router Router

60 Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Routing tables The IP routing table structure is briefly explained here. The knowledge of IProuting tables is critical in understanding SuperNode IP routing issues. The SuperNode IP routing information is organized locally...

Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 61 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 router is determined based on the simple load balancing rules and the status ofthe router. IP Screening Packets destined for the Supernode can be screened at the IP level. If thesource of the packet is determined to be inv...

Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 63 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 cause TCP to drop the existing connections, which could cause a temporaryoutage of all TCP applications. FTP session control Similar to the concept of TCP numbers, FTP sessions (client and server) oneach node are managed b...

64 Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 • medium (1024 bytes) • large (1600 bytes) When the IP layer comes into service, the number of buffers allocated bydefault is 10 for the small buffer size and 5 each for the medium and largebuffer sizes. These values are l...

Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 65 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 IP throttling IP throttle engineering is required to control congestion in the DS30 links.LPPs, SSLPPs, and SNSE-LISs have different throttling requirements, asdescribed in the following sections. For more information on d...

66 Chapter 2: EIU messaging protocols 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 IP throttling for SSLPP The SSLPP incorporates additional throttling control for TCP/IP traffic sentover SR256 between the MS and SSLPP. Table 8 shows the recommended traffic values for entry into table IPTHRON.Adherence t...

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 67 Chapter 3: EIU datafill This chapter describes the datafill requirements for installing and maintainingEthernet interface units (EIU) in an Ethernet network. There are seven dataschema tables required to provision the EIU. The purpose of each table issummar...

68 Chapter 3: EIU datafill 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 The following sections describe these tables as they apply to EIU provisioning.For complete information on data schema, refer to DMS-100 TranslationsGuide, 297-8xxx-350. Interdependency and auto-configuration Tables IPROUTER and IPHO...

Chapter 3: EIU datafill 69 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Datafill sequence and implications The following tables must be datafilled before table LIUINV: • PMLOADS • LIMINV • CARRMTC • SUSHELF • LIMPTINV (LIM-based LIU) • MSCDINV (MS-based LIU) You must datafill the EIU in table LIUINV befo...

72 Chapter 3: EIU datafill 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 EIU MAC addresses By industry convention, MAC addresses for networking devices are uniqueworldwide. In typical networking devices, the MAC address is burned into aPROM on the circuit pack. However, for EIUs on the DMS-100 switch, the...

Chapter 3: EIU datafill 73 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 MAC address is datafilled. The operating company obtains the MAC addressfrom Nortel, and Nortel in turn controls the distribution of the addresses so thatall addresses remain unique. The operating company must ensure that thisaddress...

74 Chapter 3: EIU datafill 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 • routing tables and algorithms are added to the IP as part of its addressingfunction • the capability to datafill and distribute configurable information that isassociated with the TCP/IP protocols using table control and thedistrib...

76 Chapter 3: EIU datafill 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 PARM SCRNFLAG Parameter. If a screening flag is arequirement, enter SCRNGLAG. Enterrefinement SCRNFLAG. DFLT_INTERFACE EIU_INTERFACE DFLT_GTWY_IPADDR IOM_INTERFACE IOP_INTERFACE Y or N NULLPARM To specify an EIU interface as the LANi...

Chapter 3: EIU datafill 77 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Sample datafill for table IPNETWRK Figure 16 shows sample datafill for table IPNETWRK for an EIU. Figure 16 Datafill examples for table IPNETWRK SCRNFLAG GTWY_IPADDR IOM_NUM PORT PACKLET Y or N IP address withfour numbers from0 to 25...

78 Chapter 3: EIU datafill 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Supplementary information The TRANSLATE command in the NETMAN tool can be used to convert anIP address into network parameters and vice versa. Observe the following criteria required for the subnet: • the subnet size must be the same...

Chapter 3: EIU datafill 79 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Datafill sequence and implications The following tables must be datafilled before table IPROUTER: • PMLOADS • LIUINV • IPNETWRK Before entering data in table IPROUTER, Nortel Networks recommends toplace the default EIU in the off-lin...

80 Chapter 3: EIU datafill 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Sample datafill for table IPROUTER Figure 17 shows sample datafill for table IPROUTER for an EIU. Figure 17 Datafill example for table IPROUTER Table IPHOST Table IPHOST assigns the IP addresses to SuperNode end hosts. SuperNodeend h...

Chapter 3: EIU datafill 81 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Datafill sequence and implications The following tables must be datafilled before table IPHOST: • IPNETWRK • Inventory tables for nodes that are datafilled in field nodename in tableIPHOST Before entering data into table IPROUTER, No...

82 Chapter 3: EIU datafill 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 NODENAME = AP If the entry in field NODENAME is AP, enter the data in the followingrefinements: • SMNINDEX • SNADDR • TCPCONN • FTPCLCON • FTPSVCON • UNIXADDR NODENAME AP, APU, CM ,EIU, ELIU,FP,MS Node nameEnter the node name: • AP (...

84 Chapter 3: EIU datafill 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 The datafill appears in the following table. NODENAME = CM If the entry in field NODENAME is CM, enter the data in the followingrefinements. • CMINDEX • TCPCONN • FTPCLCON • FTPSVCON Table 16 Field descriptions for conditional datafi...

86 Chapter 3: EIU datafill 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 The datafill appears in the following table. NODENAME = ELIU If the entry in field NODENAME is ELIU, enter the data in the followingrefinements: • ELIUINDEX • SNADDR • LANADDR • TCPCONN Table 18 Field descriptions for conditional dat...

Chapter 3: EIU datafill 89 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 The datafill appears in the following table. Sample datafill for table IPHOST Figure 18 shows sample datafill for table IPHOST for an EIU. Figure 18 Datafill example for table IPHOST Table IPTHRON Table IPTHRON contains the IP thrott...

90 Chapter 3: EIU datafill 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 • The first two fields for the tuple are numbers between 0 (zero) and 32 767that represents the maximum IP transmit-and-receive rate in kbyte/s to andfrom the node that is datafilled as a key. • The IP throttling numbers default to z...

Chapter 3: EIU datafill 91 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 For more information on throttling, refer to“IP throttling” on page 61 and tothe Provisioning Rules for LPP, SSLPP, and SNSE LIS, System EngineeringBulletin number 92-02-001, version 01.09. Datafill sequence and implications The foll...

Chapter 3: EIU datafill 93 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Sample datafill for table IPTHRON Figure 19 shows sample datafill for table IPTHRON for an EIU. Figure 19 Datafill example for table IPTHRON Table IPPROTO Table IPPROTO is rarely used and normally does not need to be datafilled. EIUI...

94 Chapter 3: EIU datafill 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 If there is a serious performance problem, typically on very slow networks,modification of this table may be considered to increase timeout values. Datafill sequence and implications There are no datafill sequence and implications. D...

Chapter 3: EIU datafill 95 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Table ENSITES Table ENSITES contains a complete list of all sites referenced in tableEXNDINV. Datafill sequence and implications There are no datafill sequence and implications. Datafill Table 24 lists the fields and value ranges use...

96 Chapter 3: EIU datafill 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 While table 25 provides all the information you need to datafill for EIUs,complete information on table ENTYPES is in DMS-100 Translations Guide,297-xxxx-350. Sample datafill for table ENTYPES Figure 22 shows sample datafill for tabl...

Chapter 3: EIU datafill 97 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Table EXNDINV filters IP packets. Only packets with a specified source IPaddress can access DMS IP nodes. The SCRNFLG option in tableIPNETWRK enables this functionality Figure 23 shows table EXNDINV filtering IP packets Figure 23 Tab...

98 Chapter 3: EIU datafill 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Datafill Table 26 lists the fields and value ranges used to datafill an EIU in tableEXNDINV. While table 26 provides all the information you need to datafill for EIUs,complete information on table EXNDINV is in DMS-100 Translations G...

102 Chapter 3: EIU datafill 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Sample datafill for table EXNDINV Figure 24 shows sample datafill for table EXNDINV for an EIU. Figure 24 Datafill example for table EXNDINV MAJSCPT 0 to 6 Major alarm scan pointEnter the scan point associated with themajor alarm fo...

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide August 1999 103 Chapter 4: EIU maintenance This chapter provides information on Ethernet interface unit (EIU)maintenance. EIU maintenance is limited to hardware diagnostics for the Ethernet interfacecard (EIC) and the Ethernet interface paddle board (EIP). The maintenan...

104 Chapter 4: EIU maintenance 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 EIU MAP level EIU information is available on the maintenance and administration positioncommand interface (MAPCI) display under the PM level. The command toaccess the EIU MAP display is as follows: >MAPCI;MTC;PM;POST EIU n|AL...

Chapter 4: EIU maintenance 105 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 or the MAP display. The TST command in MAPCI also executes the samediagnostics when the EIU is ManB. In-service diagnostics The EIU changes its state to SysB state from InSv or IsTb if a serious hardwarefault is detected by the i...

106 Chapter 4: EIU maintenance 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Table 27 summarizes the preset bucket parameters for reported LAN faults. EIU overload control In an overload situation, the EIU overload control discards packets at theinterrupt level rather than at the process level. The feedba...

Chapter 4: EIU maintenance 107 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 The EIU remained fully functional throughout the test. Although traffic fromthe EIU stopped, the stoppage was due to all other components on the LANbeing non-functional and there was nothing left for the EIU to communicatewith. T...

108 Chapter 4: EIU maintenance 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 A simple form of load balancing is used such that multiple end-hosts in theDMS switch are assigned an active EIU in a round-robin fashion. Thisrequirement does not take into account the relative amounts of traffic to orfrom the e...

Chapter 4: EIU maintenance 109 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 indicators drive “fault thresholds” that trigger maintenance actions whenexceeded. • periodic functional audits to ensure that the hardware still functions • out-of-band resets that the DMS-100 switch initiates when detecting ase...

110 Chapter 4: EIU maintenance 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 For information and procedures, refer to Card Replacement Procedures,297-xxxx-547. Logs relevant to EIU OA&M The following logs are relevant to EIU operations, administration, andmaintenance: • TELN • ITN Note: For more infor...

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 111 Appendix A: EIU installation checklist This appendix provides a checklist of activities that the operating companyfollows to install Ethernet interface units (EIU) in a DMS-100 switch. CAUTIONPossible loss of network security Using the Ethernet interface u...

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 113 Appendix B: EIU troubleshooting This appendix provides information on tools that are commonly used introubleshooting problems with the Ethernet interface unit (EIU). The appendixalso provides a summary of common problems and possible causes. CAUTIONPossibl...

116 Appendix B: EIU troubleshooting 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide 03.01 117 Appendix C: Using FTP This appendix provides information on using file transfer protocol (FTP) withthe Ethernet interface unit (EIU). FTP is an internationally accepted protocolfor exchanging files between computing devices. Exchanged files can be inmany forma...

118 Appendix C: Using FTP 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 What is FTP? FTP is a session-oriented tool, which means that you establish a session,through login, before the file exchange takes place. The login requires a secureuserID and password. Create the secure userID and password via the F...

120 Appendix C: Using FTP 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 If the file format is not recognized by the FTP application, the system abortsthe file transfer and issues one of the following error messages. Example of an error message: ‘503 TYPE must be Binary.’ ‘503 TYPE must be ASCII.’ Volume l...

Appendix C: Using FTP 121 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Example: DMS>get source ‘/a/b/filename’DMS>put ‘/a/b/filename’ destination • If you have a client session on the DMS-100 switch, destination and sourcefile names on the local host can be in lowercase or uppercase. But since theD...

122 Appendix C: Using FTP 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Obtaining the IP address of the SuperNode host DELUSERINFO delete user-related information DIR list the directory FTPCLOSE close the connection with the remote host FTPDEBUG set the debug messages on or off FTPOPEN establish a connect...

Appendix C: Using FTP 123 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 If you need to find out the IP address of a SuperNode host, refer to thefollowing tables: • table IPNETWRK for address of the CM • table IPHOST for addresses of all other SuperNode hosts Tutorial: basic FTP operations This section pro...

Appendix C: Using FTP 125 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 3 List the files names and their attributes in the directory by typing ftp> dir and pressing the Enter key. Example of a MAP response: total 57512 drwx------ 2 paulg snopc 512 Jan 26 08:05 News drwx------ 2 paulg snopc 512 Feb 2 07...

126 Appendix C: Using FTP 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 2 You have completed this procedure. Tutorial: moving files This section provides a set of procedures to move files between a remote hostand the DMS-100 switch which is the local host. It describes the commandlines for the following F...

Appendix C: Using FTP 127 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 5 Determine the next step. 6 Change directory on the local host (DMS-100 switch) by typing ftp> lcd path_name and pressing the Enter key. wherepath_name is a valid directory path Example: ftp> lcd ‘/S00DTEMP’ Example of a MAP re...

128 Appendix C: Using FTP 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 9 Get an ASCII file from the remote host by typing ftp>get file_name1 and pressing the Enter key. wherefile_name1 is the name of the file on the remote directory Example: ftp> get ‘file1.dmo’ This example gets a file named file1...

Appendix C: Using FTP 131 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 wherefile_name1 is the name of the file on the remote directory Example: ftp> get ‘file1.bin1020’ This example gets a file called file1.bin1020 from the remote host andrenames it to FILE1 on the DMS-100 switch. 11 You have complete...

Appendix C: Using FTP 133 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 whereuser_id is the userID Example: ftp>deluserinfo ‘johnh’ Example of a MAP response: DELETE USERINFO PASSED This userID can no longer FTP to this node and login using the userID andpassword of johnh johnh. 3 Unreserve a session b...

Appendix C: Using FTP 135 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Example: ftp>commandtimeout Default command timout value is 10 mins. 3 Set the default command timeout value to forever by typing ftp> commandtimeout value and pressing the Enter key. wherevalue is a time value in minutes. A val...

136 Appendix C: Using FTP 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Table 34 shows FTP operations for sessions started on a workstation forconnection to a DMS-100 switch. In this scenario, the DMS-100 switch is theremote host and the workstation is the local host. Table 34 FTP operations reference: wo...

140 Appendix C: Using FTP 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Send an ASCII file to the workstation CM> asciiCM> put file_name wherefile_name is the name of the target file on the workstation.If the file name is in lowercase or contains forward slashes,use single quotation marks around the...

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 141 Appendix D: Using telnet This appendix provides procedures for establishing telnet sessions on theDMS-100 switch. CAUTIONPossible loss of network security Using the Ethernet interface unit (EIU) and a telnet or filetransfer protocol (FTP) session to establ...

142 Appendix D: Using telnet 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Telnet access to a switch Procedure 12 Telnetting into a switch for MAP session access (pre-CSP05) Step Action 1 Go to the CI level of the MAP display. 2 Open table IPHOST by typing >table IPHOST and pressing the Enter key. 3 Li...

144 Appendix D: Using telnet 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 145 Appendix E: Understanding IP and IPaddressing This chapter is a primer on internetworking, Internet Protocol (IP), addressing,and IP-related protocols. For examples on IP addressing and configurations, refer to “Appendix F: EIUaddressing examples”. What is...

146 Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 application that the user needed to access. Otherwise, the user required aseparate line and terminal device for each application. As the number of communications duties grew (such as addressing, routeselection...

Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing 147 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 The routed protocol of the architecture (usually the network-layer protocol)creates connectionless datagrams or packets. The address informationcontained in the datagram header enables each encountered router ...

Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing 149 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Figure 27 Detailed network diagram Choosing IP addresses IP was originally developed to allow large numbers of diverse institutions tointerconnect their local hosts and networks into a larger network (anIntern...

150 Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 not recommended. If connection to public networks is needed later, all theaddressing work must be repeated. IP addresses IP uses a 32-bit address, which consists of four sets of eight-bit numbers,normally expr...

Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing 151 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Two additional address classes exist. Class D addresses support IPmulticasting, which is used to transmit packets to multiple IP addresses. ClassE addresses are reserved for Internet engineering task force exp...

Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing 153 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Figure 30 Subnet mask: class A Base_Tel-10 IPNETWRK No. subnets No. hosts netmask Netmask in binary format subnet size 2 4194302 255.192.0.0 (11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000) 2 6 2097150 255.224.0.0 (11111...

Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing 155 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Figure 32 Subnet mask: class B Base_Tel-12 IPNETWRK No. subnets No. hosts netmask Netmask in binary format subnet size 2 16382 255.255.192.0 (11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000) 2 6 8190 255.255.224.0 (111111...

Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing 157 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Figure 35 IP addressing: class D Figure 36 IP addressing: class E Address masks For administrative or procedural reasons, a network number can be subdividedinto subnetworks using a subnetwork mask, also called...

158 Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 departments. Each department expects to use fewer than 254 host addresses,so the entire third byte of the address is chosen for the subnetwork number. Toreserve the third byte for the subnetwork number, they u...

Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing 159 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Figure 38 Simple network numbering The Corporate Networking group assigns a class A address to each of itsdepartments. The three Ethernet networks on 20.0, 21.0, and 20.0.22.0 aresufficient to interconnect mos...

160 Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 representative to discuss state-of-the-art secure data communicationsequipment products. Variable-width subnetworks When subnetworks were first invented, they were intended to be used in a startopology, with t...

Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing 161 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Internet control message protocol The Internet control message protocol (ICMP) provides feedback from an IProuter or gateway to a source host. ICMP messages are sent in severalsituations—for example, to report...

162 Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Included in the family of address resolution protocols are reverse addressresolution protocol (RARP), proxy address resolution protocol (proxy ARP),and inverse address resolution protocol (InARP). ARP is defin...

Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing 163 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 • the IP address of a boot server host • the name of a file to be loaded into memory and executed • the local subnet mask • the local time offset • the addresses of default routers • the addresses of various I...

164 Appendix E: Understanding IP and IP addressing 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999

Appendix F: EIU supported configurations 169 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Figure 42 Interface configuration part 1 TABLE LIUINV EIU 1 LIM 0 1 26 ERS09BB NTEX22BB NT9X84AA NT9X85AA YES 000075F17009 EIU 2 LIM 0 2 14 ERS09BB NTEX22BB NT9X84AA NT9X85AA YES 000075F17015 TABLE IPNETWRK 1 47 105...

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 171 Appendix G: IP network numberrequests This appendix provides information on obtaining an Internet Protocol (IP)address from the Network Information Center (NIC), including information onthe type of addresses available and the form required to obtain the ad...

172 Appendix G: IP network number requests 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 The network topology consists of the SuperNode and other third-partyequipment, such as hubs and workstations. Some third-party routers may berequired for distant LANs or for fault-tolerant network architecture. Based ...

Appendix G: IP network number requests 173 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 1) If the network will be connected to the Internet, you must provide the name of the governmentalsponsoring organization, and the name, title, mailing address, phone number, net mailbox, and NIChandle (if any) of the...

Appendix G: IP network number requests 175 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 7) Unless a strong and convincing reason is presented, the network (if it qualifies at all) will beassigned a class C network number. If a class C network number is not acceptable for your purposesstate why. Note: If ...

176 Appendix G: IP network number requests 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 177 Appendix H: ASU backgroundinformation This appendix provides background information on application-specific units(ASU) and the SuperNode platforms that support these ASUs. Application-specific units and supported services The following ASUs are described i...

178 Appendix H: ASU background information 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 OSI router or support host services. The current list of router and host servicesthat use dedicated EIUs include: • automated directory assistance service (ADAS) • billing server • cellular digital packet data (CDPD) ...

Appendix H: ASU background information 179 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Network interface unit The NIU provides direct network connectivity for the link peripheral processor(LPP), the single-shelf LPP (SSLPP), or the SuperNode SE link interface shelf(SNSE LIS). The NIU gives some ASUs and...

180 Appendix H: ASU background information 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 • CDPD XLIU terminates various protocols, such as LAPB and MDLP.XLIUs also store accounting information for data services. • CDPD NIU stores and maintains subscriber routing and mobilityinformation on the NIU software...

Appendix H: ASU background information 181 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Figure 44 LPP architecture The LMS represents the first level of the two-level message switchinghierarchy. The LMS provides the interface between the F-bus seen byindividual ASUs and services and non-channelized DS30 ...

182 Appendix H: ASU background information 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 DMS-bus. While the rate adapter is responsible for mediating traffic flowbetween the F-bus and T-bus, the T-bus provides the following functionality: • T-bus for inter- and intra-LPP messaging (inter-LPP messaging is ...

Appendix H: ASU background information 183 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 Figure 45 SSLPP architecture SuperNode SE link interface shelf The SNSE LIS is part of the SuperNode SE configuration. In this arrangement,the SNSE LIS is collocated with a DMS-bus (MS), 16kbyte ENET, CM, andSLM hardw...

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 185 Appendix I: Obtaining a MAC address This appendix provides information on media access control (MAC)addresses 1 , and on obtaining a MAC address for the Ethernet interface unit (EIU). Overview The standard among manufacturers of Internetworking hardware is...

186 Appendix I: Obtaining a MAC address 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999 Figure 47 EIU MAC address format The format of the MAC address is defined as follows: • Nortel sets the two bits for the I/G and U/L fields according to the IEEEdefinition of the MAC address. • For the vendor identifier,...

Appendix I: Obtaining a MAC address 187 DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 How to get the MAC address for an EIU Nortel is responsible for assigning blocks of MAC addresses to its customers. To obtain MAC addresses, contact your Nortel Engineering support group byusing the internal Nortel email...

188 Appendix I: Obtaining a MAC address 297-8991-910 Standard 03.01 August 1999

DMS-100 Family EIU User Guide TELECOM12 189 List of terms ACCS automated calling card system ADAS automated directory assistance service AIN advanced intelligent network ALP application layer program APU application processor unit APUX application processor for Unix ARP address resolution protocol A...