Agilent E8267C PSG - Manuals

Contents vi 4. Analog Modulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Analog Modulation Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Conf...

Contents vii Editing a Waveform Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Storing and Loading Waveform Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Renaming a Waveform Segment...

Contents viii To Set the ARB Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 7. Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Overview . . ....

Contents ix To View a Two-Tone Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 To Minimize Carrier Feedthrough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 To Change the Alignment...

1 1 Signal Generator Overview In the following sections, this chapter describes the models, options, and features available for Agilent PSG signal generators. The modes of operation, front panel user interface, as well as front and rear panel connectors are also described. • “Signal Generator Models...

2 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Signal Generator Models and Features Signal Generator Models and Features Table 1-1 lists the available PSG signal generator models along with their output signal types and frequency range. E8247C PSG CW Signal Generator Features An E8247C PSG CW signal generato...

Chapter 1 3 Signal Generator Overview Signal Generator Models and Features E8257C PSG Analog Signal Generator Features An E8257C PSG analog signal generator provides all the functionality of an E8247C PSG CW signal generator and adds the following features: • open-loop or closed-loop AM • dc-synthes...

4 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Options E8267C PSG Vector Signal Generator Features An E8267C PSG vector signal generator provides all the functionality of an E8257C PSG analog signal generator, and adds the following features: • internal I/Q modulator • external analog I/Q inputs • single-end...

Chapter 1 5 Signal Generator Overview Modes of Operation Modes of Operation All PSG signal generator models can be used in CW mode: • CW mode produces a single carrier signal. — If you have an E8247C PSG CW signal generator, you can produce a CW single carrier signal without modulation. — If you hav...

6 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Front Panel Figure 1-1 shows the E8267C PSG vector signal generator front panel with a list of items called out that enable you to define, monitor, and manage input and output characteristics. The description of each item also applies to both the E82...

Chapter 1 7 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 1. Display The LCD screen provides information on the current function. Information can include status indicators, frequency and amplitude settings, and error messages. Softkeys labels are located on the right-hand side of the display. For more detai...

8 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 8. Trigger Initiates an immediate trigger event for a function such as a list, step, or ramp sweep (Option 007 only). Before this hardkey can be used to initiate a trigger event, the trigger mode must be set to Trigger Key . For example: press the Sw...

Chapter 1 9 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 12. EXT 2 INPUT This female BNC input connector (E8257C and E8267C only) accepts a ± 1V p signal for AM, FM, and Φ M. With AM, FM, or Φ M, ± 1 V p produces the indicated deviation or depth. When ac-coupled inputs are selected for AM, FM, or Φ M and t...

10 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 18. RF OUTPUT This connector is the output for RF and microwave signals. The nominal output impedance is 50 Ω. The reverse-power damage levels are 0 Vdc, 0.5 watts nominal. On signal generators with Option 1EM, this output is relocated to a rear pan...

Chapter 1 11 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 10V p . The nominal input impedance is 50 Ω . On signal generators with Option 1EM, this input is relocated to the rear panel. 26. Arrows These up and down arrow hardkeys are used to increase or decrease a numeric value, step through displayed lists...

12 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 33. I/Q INPUTS These female BNC input connectors (E8267C only) accept an externally supplied, analog, I/Q modulation; the in-phase component is supplied through the I INPUT; the quadrature-phase component is supplied through the Q INPUT. The signal ...

Chapter 1 13 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Display Front Panel Display Figure 1-2 shows the front panel display. The LCD screen displays data fields, annotations, key press results, softkey labels, error messages, and annunciators that represent various active signal generator functions. Fig...

16 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Display UNLOCK This annunciator appears when any of the phase locked loops are unable to maintain phase lock. You can determine which loop is unlocked by examining the error messages. 4. Digital Modulation Annunciators All digital modulation annunci...

Chapter 1 17 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Rear Panel The signal generator rear panel ( Figure 1-3 ) provides input, output, and remote interface connections. Descriptions are provided for each rear panel connector. When Option 1EM is added, all front panel connectors are moved to the real pa...

18 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 1. AC Power Receptacle The ac line voltage is connected here. The power cord receptacle accepts a three-pronged power cable that is shipped with the signal generator. 2. GPIB This GPIB interface allows listen and talk capability with compatible IEEE ...

Chapter 1 19 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 5. STOP SWEEP IN/OUT This female BNC connector (Option 007 only) provides an open-collector, TTL-compatible input/output signal that is used during ramp sweep operation. It provides low level (nominally 0V) output during sweep retrace and band-cross ...

22 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 16. Digital Bus This is a proprietary bus used for Agilent Baseband Studio products, which require an E8267C with Option 602. This connector is not operational for general purpose customer use. Signals are present only when a Baseband Studio option i...

Chapter 1 23 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 21. I-bar OUT This female BNC connector (E8267C only) can be used with an internal baseband generator (Option 002/602) to output the complement of the analog, in-phase component of I/Q modulation; on signal generators without Option 002/602, this fem...

25 2 Basic Operation In the following sections, this chapter describes operations common to all Agilent PSG signal generators: • “Using Table Editors” on page 26 • “Configuring a Continuous Wave RF Output” on page 28 • “Configuring a Swept RF Output” on page 31 • “Using Ramp Sweep (Option 007)” on p...

26 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Table Editors Using Table Editors Table editors simplify configuration tasks, such as creating a list sweep. This section provides information to familiarize you with basic table editor functionality using the List Mode Values table editor as an example. Press Pres...

Chapter 2 27 Basic Operation Using Table Editors Table Editor Softkeys The following table editor softkeys are used to load, navigate, modify, and store table item values. Edit Item displays the selected item in the active function area of the display where the item’s value can be modified Insert Ro...

28 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Configuring the RF Output This section provides information on how to create continuous wave and swept RF (on page 31 ) outputs. It also has information on using a mm-Wave source module to extend the signal generator’s frequency range (see page ...

Chapter 2 31 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Configuring a Swept RF Output A PSG signal generator has up to three sweep types: step sweep, list sweep, and ramp sweep (Option 007). NOTE List sweep data cannot be saved within an instrument state, but can be saved to the memory catalog. For i...

Chapter 2 33 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 11. Press Return > Sweep > Freq & Ampl . This sets the step sweep to sweep both frequency and amplitude data. Selecting this softkey returns you to the previous menu and turns on the sweep function. 12. Press RF On/Off . The display an...

34 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Using List Sweep List sweep enables you to create a list of arbitrary frequency, amplitude, and dwell time values and sweep the RF output based on the entries in the List Mode Values table. Unlike a step sweep that contains linear ascending/desc...

36 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output To Configure a Single List Sweep 1. Press Return > Sweep > Freq & Ampl This turns the sweep on again. No errors should occur if all parameters for every point have been defined in the previous editing process. 2. Press Single Sweep . T...

Chapter 2 37 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Using Ramp Sweep (Option 007) Ramp sweep provides a linear progression through the start-to-stop frequency and/or amplitude values. Ramp sweep is much faster than step or list sweep, and is designed to work with an 8757D scalar network analyzer....

Chapter 2 39 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 6. Preset either instrument. Presetting one of the instruments should automatically preset the other as well. If both instruments do not preset, check the GPIB connection, GPIB addresses, and ensure the 8757D is set to system interface mode ( SY...

40 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2-3 Bandpass Filter Response on 8757D Using Markers 1. Press Markers . This opens a table editor and associated marker control softkeys. You can use up to 10 different markers, labeled 0 through 9. 2. Press Marker Freq and select a freque...

Chapter 2 41 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 4. Move the cursor back to marker 0 and press Delta Ref Set > Marker Delta Off On to On. In the table editor, notice that the frequency values for each marker are now relative to marker 0. Ref appears in the far right column (also labeled Ref...

42 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2-5 Delta Markers on 8757D 6. Press Turn Off Markers . All active markers turn off. Refer to the Key Reference for information on other marker softkey functions. Adjusting Sweep Time 1. Press Sweep/List . This opens a menu of sweep contro...

Chapter 2 43 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 3. Press Sweep Time to Manual > 5 > sec . In auto mode, the sweep time automatically sets to the fastest allowable value. In manual mode, you can select any sweep time slower than the fastest allowable. The fastest allowable sweep time is ...

Chapter 2 45 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Configuring a Ramp Sweep for a Master/Slave Setup This procedure shows you how to configure two PSGs and an 8757D to work in a master/slave setup. 1. Set up the equipment as shown in Figure 2-7 . Use a 9-pin, D-subminiature, male RS-232 cable wi...

Chapter 2 47 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Extending the Frequency Range with a mm-Wave Source Module The RF output frequency of the signal generator can be multiplied using an Agilent 83550 Series millimeter-wave source module. The signal generator/mm-wave source module’s output is auto...

48 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2-9 Setup for E8247C PSG and E8257C PSG without Option 1EA Setting the Signal Generator 1. Turn on the signal generator’s line power. Upon power-up, the signal generator automatically: • senses the mm-wave source module, • switches the si...

Chapter 2 49 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2-10 Setup for E8267C PSG or E8247C PSG and E8257C PSG with Option 1EA The MMMOD indicator in the FREQUENCY area and the MM indicator in the AMPLITUDE area of the signal generator’s display indicate that the mm-wave source module is activ...

50 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Modulating a Signal Modulating a Signal This section describes how to turn on a modulation format, and how to apply it to the RF output. Turning On a Modulation Format A modulation format can be turned on prior to or after setting the signal parameters. 1. Access the fir...

Chapter 2 51 Basic Operation Modulating a Signal Applying a Modulation Format to the RF Output The carrier signal is modulated when the Mod On/Off key is set to On, and an individual modulation format is active. When the Mod On/Off key is set to Off, the MOD OFF annunciator appears on the display.Wh...

52 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Data Storage Functions Using Data Storage Functions This section explains how to use the two forms of signal generator data storage: the memory catalog and the instrument state register. Using the Memory Catalog The Memory Catalog is the signal generator’s interfac...

54 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Data Storage Functions Using the Instrument State Register The instrument state register is a section of memory divided into 10 sequences (numbered 0 through 9) each containing 100 registers (numbered 00 through 99). It is used to store and recall instrument settin...

Chapter 2 57 Basic Operation Enabling Options Enabling Options You can retrofit your signal generator after purchase to add new capabilities. Some new optional features are implemented in hardware that you must install. Some options are implemented in software, but require the presence of optional h...

58 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Enabling Options 4. Enable the software option: a. Highlight the desired option. b. Press Modify License Key , and enter the 12-character license key (from the license key certificate). c. Verify that you want to reconfigure the signal generator with the new option: Proc...

59 3 Optimizing Performance In the following sections, this chapter describes procedures that improve the performance of the Agilent PSG signal generator. • Selecting ALC Bandwidth (below) • “Using External Leveling” on page 60 • “Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction” on page 64 • “Adjusti...

60 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performance Using External Leveling Using External Leveling The PSG signal generator can be externally leveled by connecting an external sensor at the point where leveled RF output power is desired. This sensor detects changes in RF output power and returns a compensating vol...

Chapter 3 61 Optimizing Performance Using External Leveling Configure the Signal Generator 1. Press Preset . 2. Press Frequency > 10 > GHz . 3. Press Amplitude > 0 > dBm . 4. Press RF On/Off . 5. Press Leveling Mode > Ext Detector . This deactivates the internal ALC detector and switc...

Chapter 3 63 Optimizing Performance Using External Leveling External Leveling with Option 1E1 Signal Generators Signal generators with Option 1E1 contain a step attenuator prior to the RF output connector. During external leveling, the signal generator automatically holds the present attenuator sett...

64 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction User flatness correction allows the digital adjustment of RF output amplitude for up to 1601 frequency points in any frequency or sweep mode. Using an Agilent E4416A/17A ...

Chapter 3 65 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Configure the Power Meter 1. Select SCPI as the remote language for the power meter.2. Zero and calibrate the power sensor to the power meter.3. Enter the appropriate power sensor calibration factors into the power me...

66 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Configure the Signal Generator 1. Press Preset . 2. Configure the signal generator to interface with the power meter. a. Press Amplitude > More (1 of 2) > User Flatness > More (1 of 2) > Power Meter > E...

Chapter 3 67 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Perform the User Flatness Correction NOTE If you are not using an Agilent E4416A/17A/18B/19B power meter, or if your power meter does not have a GPIB interface, you can perform the user flatness correction manually. F...

68 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Save the User Flatness Correction Data to the Memory Catalog This process allows you to save the user flatness correction data as in the signal generator’s memory catalog. With several user flatness correction files s...

Chapter 3 69 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Returning the Signal Generator to GPIB Listener Mode During the user flatness correction process, the power meter is slaved to the signal generator via GPIB, and no other controllers are allowed on the GPIB interface....

70 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Required Equipment • Agilent 83554A millimeter-wave source module • Agilent E4416A/17A/18B/19B power meter • Agilent R8486A power sensor • Agilent 8349B microwave amplifier (required for signal generators without Opti...

Chapter 3 71 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Connect the Equipment CAUTION To prevent damage to the signal generator, turn off the line power to the signal generator before connecting the source module interface cable to the rear panel SOURCE MODULE interface co...

Chapter 3 73 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction 2. Configure the signal generator to interface with the power meter. a. Press Amplitude > More (1 of 2) > User Flatness > More (1 of 2) > Power Meter > E4416A , E4417A , E4418B , or E4419B . b. Press Me...

74 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction 2. When prompted, press Done . This loads the amplitude correction values into the user flatness correction array. If desired, press Configure Cal Array . This opens the user flatness correction array, where you can v...

Chapter 3 75 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Save the User Flatness Correction Data to the Memory Catalog This process allows you to save the user flatness correction data as a file in the signal generator’s memory catalog. With several user flatness correction ...

76 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performance Adjusting Reference Oscillator Bandwidth (Option UNR) Adjusting Reference Oscillator Bandwidth (Option UNR) The reference oscillator bandwidth (sometimes referred to as loop bandwidth) in signal generators with Option UNR (improved close-in phase noise) is adjusta...

77 4 Analog Modulation In the following sections, this chapter describes the analog modulation capability in Agilent E8257C PSG Analog and E8267C PSG Vector Signal Generators. • “Analog Modulation Waveforms” on page 78 • “Configuring AM” on page 79 • “Configuring FM” on page 80 • “Configuring Φ M” o...

78 Chapter 4 Analog Modulation Analog Modulation Waveforms Analog Modulation Waveforms The signal generator can modulate the RF carrier with four types of analog modulation: • amplitude, • frequency, • phase, and • pulse. Available internal waveforms include: Sine sine wave with adjustable amplitude...

Chapter 4 79 Analog Modulation Configuring AM Configuring AM In this example, you will learn how to generate an amplitude-modulated RF carrier. To Set the Carrier Frequency 1. Press Preset . 2. Press Frequency > 1340 > kHz . To Set the RF Output Amplitude Press Amplitude > 0 > dBm . To S...

80 Chapter 4 Analog Modulation Configuring FM Configuring FM In this example, you will learn how to create a frequency-modulated RF carrier. To Set the RF Output Frequency 1. Press Preset . 2. Press Frequency > 1 > GHz . To Set the RF Output Amplitude Press Amplitude > 0 > dBm. To Set th...

82 Chapter 4 Analog Modulation Configuring Pulse Modulation Configuring Pulse Modulation In this example, you will learn how to create a pulse-modulated RF carrier. To Set the RF Output Frequency 1. Press Preset . 2. Press Frequency > 2 > GHz . To Set the RF Output Amplitude Press Amplitude &g...

Chapter 4 83 Analog Modulation Configuring the LF Output Configuring the LF Output The signal generator has a low frequency (LF) output (described on page 9 ). The LF output’s source can be switched between Internal 1 Monitor , Internal 2 Monitor , Function Generator 1 , or Function Generator 2 . Us...

84 Chapter 4 Analog Modulation Configuring the LF Output To Configure the LF Output with an Internal Modulation Source In this example, the internal FM modulation is the LF output source. NOTE Internal modulation ( Internal Monitor ) is the default LF output source. Configuring the Internal Modulati...

Chapter 4 85 Analog Modulation Configuring the LF Output To Configure the LF Output with a Function Generator Source In this example, the function generator is the LF output source. Configuring the Function Generator as the LF Output Source 1. Press Preset . 2. Press the LF Out hardkey. 3. Press LF ...

87 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator In the following sections, this chapter describes the Dual Arb mode, which is available only in E8267C PSG vector signal generators with Option 002/602: • “Arbitrary (ARB) Waveform File Headers” on page 88 • “Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player” on page 99 • “Us...

88 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) Waveform File Headers Arbitrary (ARB) Waveform File Headers An ARB waveform file header enables you to save instrument setup information (key format settings) along with a waveform. When you retrieve a stored waveform, the header informa...

Chapter 5 89 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) Waveform File Headers Creating a File Header for a Modulation Format Waveform When you turn on a modulation format, the PSG generates a temporary waveform file (AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM), with a default file header. The default header has no sig...

90 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) Waveform File Headers Modifying Header Information in a Modulation Format This procedure builds on the previous procedure, explaining the different areas of a file header, and showing how to access, modify, and save changes to the inform...

Chapter 5 93 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) Waveform File Headers Figure 5-3 ARB Setup Softkey Menu and Marker Utilities Dual ARB Player softkey(it does not appear in the ARB formats)

94 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) Waveform File Headers Figure 5-4 Differing Values between Header and Current Setting Columns Figure 5-5 Saved File Header Changes Values differ between the two columns Page 1 Page 2 Values differ between the two columns Page 1 Page 2

Chapter 5 95 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) Waveform File Headers Storing Header Information for a Dual ARB Player Waveform Sequence When you create a waveform sequence (described on page 101 ), the PSG automatically creates a default file header, which takes priority over the hea...

96 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) Waveform File Headers Viewing Header Information with the Dual ARB Player Off One of the differences between a modulation format and the dual ARB player is that even when the dual ARB player is off, you can view a file header. You cannot...

Chapter 5 97 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) Waveform File Headers Viewing Header Information for a Different Waveform File While a waveform is playing in the dual ARB player, you can view the header information of a different waveform file, but you can modify the header informatio...

98 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) Waveform File Headers Playing a Waveform File that Contains a Header After a waveform file (AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM) is generated in a modulation format and the format is turned off, the file becomes accessible to and can be played back in only...

Chapter 5 99 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player The dual arbitrary (ARB) waveform player is used to edit and play waveform files. There are two types of waveform files: segments (WFM1) and sequences (SEQ). A segments is an individu...

100 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player Creating Waveform Segments There are two ways to provide waveform segments for use by the waveform sequencer. You can either download a waveform via remote interface or generate a waveform using one of the ARB modulat...

Chapter 5 101 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player Generating the Second Waveform Use the following steps to generate a new multitone waveform with nine tones. During waveform generation, the M-TONE and I/Q annunciators activate. The waveform is stored in volatile mem...

102 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player Playing a Waveform You can play a waveform sequence or a waveform segment using this procedure. Both waveform types follow the same process. This example plays a waveform sequence. If you have not created waveform seg...

Chapter 5 103 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player You have now changed the number of repetitions for each waveform segment entry from 1 to 100 and 200, respectively. The sequence has been stored under a new name to the Catalog of Seq Files in the signal generator’s m...

104 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Markers Using Waveform Markers Waveform markers provide auxiliary output signals that are synchronized with a waveform segment. You can place up to four markers on a waveform segment. However, only Marker 1 and Marker 2 can be placed usi...

Chapter 5 105 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Markers To Place Repetitively Spaced Markers within a Waveform Segment If you have not created a waveform segment, complete the steps in the previous sections, “Generating the First Waveform” on page 100 and “Creating the First Waveform ...

106 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Markers To Toggle Markers in an Existing Waveform Sequence In a waveform sequence, you can independently toggle the operating state of the markers on each waveform segment. When you build a waveform sequence, the markers on each segment ...

Chapter 5 107 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Markers To Toggle Markers As You Create a Waveform Sequence You can combine waveform segments to create a waveform sequence while independently toggling the markers of each waveform segment. In this example, you learn how to toggle marke...

108 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Markers Waveform Marker Concepts The Dual Arb mode of the signal generator has four markers that you can place on a waveform segment. Marker 1 and Marker 2 provide auxiliary output signals to the rear-panel EVENT 1 and EVENT 2 connectors...

Chapter 5 111 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Triggers Using Waveform Triggers The dual arbitrary waveform generator includes several different triggering options: single, gated, segment advance, and continuous. The trigger source can be the Trigger hardkey, a command sent through t...

112 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Clipping Using Waveform Clipping Clipping limits power peaks in waveform segments by clipping the I and Q data to a selected percentage of its highest peak. Circular clipping is defined as clipping the composite I/Q data (I and Q data ar...

Chapter 5 113 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Clipping Waveform Clipping Concepts Waveforms with high power peaks can cause intermodulation distortion, which generates spectral regrowth (a condition that interferes with signals in adjacent frequency bands). The clipping function all...

114 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Clipping As shown in Figure 5-12 ., simultaneous positive and negative peaks in the I and Q waveforms do not cancel each other, but combine to create an even greater peak. Figure 5-12 Combining the I and Q Waveforms

116 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Clipping How Clipping Reduces Peak-to-Average Power You can reduce peak-to-average power, and consequently spectral regrowth, by clipping the waveform to a selected percentage of its peak power. The PSG vector signal generator provides t...

119 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator This chapter describes the Custom Arb Waveform Generator mode which is available only in E8267C PSG vector signal generators. This chapter includes the following major sections: • “Overview” on page 120 • “Working with Predefined Setups (Modes)” on page 121 • “Wor...

120 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Overview Overview Custom Arb Waveform Generator mode can produce a single modulated carrier or multiple modulated carriers. Each modulated carrier waveform must be calculated and generated before it can be output; this signal generation occurs on the inter...

Chapter 6 121 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Predefined Setups (Modes) Working with Predefined Setups (Modes) When you select a predefined mode, default values for components of the setup (including the filter, symbol rate, and modulation type) are automatically specified. Selecting a Cu...

122 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with User-Defined Setups (Modes)-Custom Arb Only Working with User-Defined Setups (Modes) − Custom Arb Only Modifying a Single-Carrier NADC Setup In this procedure, you learn how to start with a single-carrier NADC digital modulation and modify it ...

Chapter 6 123 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with User-Defined Setups (Modes)-Custom Arb Only Customizing a Multicarrier Setup In this procedure, you learn how to customize a predefined multicarrier digital modulation setup by creating a custom 3-carrier EDGE digital modulation state. 1. Pres...

124 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with User-Defined Setups (Modes)-Custom Arb Only Recalling a User-Defined Custom Digital Modulation State In this procedure, you learn how to select (recall) a previously stored custom digital modulation state from the Memory Catalog (the Catalog o...

Chapter 6 125 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters Working with Filters This section provides information on using predefined ( page 126 ) and user-defined ( page 127 ) FIR filters. NOTE The procedures in this section apply only to filters created in either the Custom Arb Waveform Gene...

126 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters • Filter Alpha enables you to adjust the filter alpha for a Nyquist or root Nyquist filter. If a Gaussian filter is used, you will see Filter BbT; this softkey is grayed out when any other filter is selected. • (Custom Realtime I/Q Bas...

Chapter 6 127 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters Restoring Default FIR Filter Parameters 1. Preset the instrument: Press Preset . 2. Press Mode > Custom > ARB Waveform Generator > Digital Mod Define > Filter > Restore Default Filter . This replaces the current FIR filt...

Chapter 6 129 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters To Create a User-Defined FIR Filter with the FIR Values Editor In this procedure, you use the FIR Values editor to create and store an 8-symbol, windowed, sinc function filter with an oversample ratio of 4. The Oversample Ratio (OSR) i...

130 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters 6. Use the numeric keypad to type the first value ( − 0.000076) from the following table and press Enter . As you press the numeric keys, the numbers are displayed in the active entry area. (If you make a mistake, you can correct it us...

Chapter 6 131 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters real-time waveform generation, and 512 symbols for arbitrary waveform generation. The number of symbols equals the number of coefficients divided by the oversample ratio. 9. Press More (1 of 2) > Display FFT (fast Fourier transform)...

Chapter 6 133 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Symbol Rates Working with Symbol Rates The Symbol Rate menu enables you to set the rate at which I/Q symbols are fed to the I/Q modulator. The default transmission symbol rate can also be restored in this menu. • Symbol Rate (displayed as Sym ...

Ch apter 6 13 5 Cu st om Arb W avef orm Gen erat or W ork in g with Sym bol Rate s QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 4QAM 2 90 bps − 100 Mbps 45 sps − 50 Msps 45 sps − 25 Msps 16QAM 4 180 bps − 200 Mbps 45 sps − 50 Msps 45 sps − 12.5 Msps 32QAM 5 225 bps − 250 Mbps 45 sps − 50 Msps 45 sps − 10 Msp...

136 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Modulation Types Working with Modulation Types The Modulation Type menu enables you to specify the type of modulation applied to the carrier signal when the Mod On Off hardkey is on. When the Custom Off On softkey is on: • For Custom Arb, the ...

Chapter 6 137 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Modulation Types To Use a User-Defined Modulation Type (Real Time I/Q Only) Creating a 128QAM I/Q Modulation Type User File with the I/Q Values Editor In I/Q modulation schemes, symbols appear in default positions in the I/Q plane. Using the I...

138 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Modulation Types 4. Press Return > Goto Row > 0011 0000 > Enter ; this is row 48. 5. Press the Delete Row softkey 16 times. Repeat this pattern of steps using the following table: 6. Press Display I/Q Map to view the new constellation...

Chapter 6 139 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Modulation Types Creating a QPSK I/Q Modulation Type User File with the I/Q Values Editor In I/Q modulation schemes, symbols appear in default positions in the I/Q plane. Using the I/Q Values editor, you can define your own symbol map by chang...

Chapter 6 141 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Modulation Types Creating an FSK Modulation Type User File with the Frequency Values Editor Use this procedure to set the frequency deviation for data 00 , 01 , 10 , and 11 to configure a user-defined FSK modulation. 1. Press Preset . 2. Press...

Chapter 6 143 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Configuring Hardware Configuring Hardware • “To Set the ARB Reference” see page 144 To Set a Delayed, Positive Polarity, External Single Trigger Using this procedure, you learn how to utilize an external function generator to apply a delayed single-trigger...

144 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Configuring Hardware 11. On the signal generator, press Mode > Custom > Arb Waveform Generator > Digital Modulation Off On until On is highlighted. This generates a waveform with the custom multicarrier state and the display changes to Dig Mod Set...

145 7 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband This chapter describes the Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband mode which is available only in E8267C PSG vector signal generators. This chapter includes the following major sections: • “Overview” on page 146 • “Working with Predefined Setups (Modes)” on page 146 • “Wor...

146 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Overview Overview Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband mode can produce a single carrier, but it can be modulated with real time data that allows real time control over all of the parameters that affect the signal. The single carrier signal that is produced can b...

Chapter 7 147 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Data Patterns Working with Data Patterns This section provides information on the following: • “Using a Predefined Data Pattern” on page 148 • “Using a User-Defined Data Pattern” on page 149 • “Using an Externally Supplied Data Pattern” on pag...

148 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Data Patterns Using a Predefined Data Pattern Selecting a Predefined PN Sequence Data Pattern 1. Press Preset . 2. Press Mode > Custom > Real Time I/Q Baseband > Data > PN Sequence . 3. Press one of the following: PN9 , PN11 , PN15...

Chapter 7 149 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Data Patterns Using a User-Defined Data Pattern User Files (user-defined data pattern files) can be created and modified using the signal generator’s Bit File Editor or they can be created on a remote computer and moved to the signal generator...

150 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Data Patterns 3. Enter the 32 bit values shown using the numeric keypad. Bit data is entered into the Bit File Editor in 1-bit format. The current hexadecimal value of the binary data is shown in the Hex Data column and the cursor position (in...

Chapter 7 151 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Data Patterns Modifying an Existing Data Pattern User File In this example, you learn how to modify an existing data pattern user file by navigating to a particular bit position and changing its value. Next, you will learn how to invert the bi...

152 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Data Patterns Inverting the Bit Values of an Existing Data Pattern User File 1. Press 1011. This inverts the bit values that are positioned 4C through 4F. Notice that hex data in this row has now changed to 76DB6DB6, as shown in the following ...

Chapter 7 153 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Burst Shapes Working with Burst Shapes • “Configuring the Burst Rise and Fall Parameters” on page 154 • “Using User-Defined Burst Shape Curves” on page 155 The Burst Shape menu enables you to modify the rise and fall time, rise and fall delay,...

154 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Burst Shapes Burst shape maximum rise and fall time values are affected by the following factors: • the symbol rate • the modulation type When the rise and fall delays equal 0, the burst shape attempts to synchronize the maximum burst shape po...

Chapter 7 155 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Burst Shapes Using User-Defined Burst Shape Curves You can adjust the shape of the rise time curve and the fall time curve using the Rise Shape and Fall Shape editors. Each editor enables you to enter up to 256 values, equidistant in time, to ...

156 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Burst Shapes Figure 7-1 5. Press More (1 of 2) > Display Burst Shape . This displays a graphical representation of the waveform’s rise and fall characteristics. Figure 7-2 NOTE To return the burst shape to the default conditions, press Retu...

158 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Configuring Hardware Configuring Hardware • “To Set the BBG Reference” on page 158 • “To Set the External DATA CLOCK to Receive Input as Either Normal or Symbol” on page 159 • “To Set the BBG DATA CLOCK to External or Internal” on page 159 • “To Adjust the...

Chapter 7 159 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Configuring Hardware To Set the External DATA CLOCK to Receive Input as Either Normal or Symbol 1. Press Mode > Custom > Real Time I/Q Baseband > More (1 of 3) > Configure Hardware . Configure Hardware allows you to access a menu from which you...

160 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Phase Polarity Working with Phase Polarity To Set Phase Polarity to Normal or Inverted 1. Press Mode > Custom > Real Time I/Q Baseband > More (1 of 3) > Phase Polarity Normal Invert . Phase Polarity Normal Invert enables you to eit...

Chapter 7 161 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Differential Data Encoding symbols can be differentially encoded during the modulation process by assigning symbol table offset values associated with each data value. Figure 7-3 shows the 4QAM modulation in the I/Q Values editor. Figure 7-3 N...

162 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Differential Data Encoding Differential Data Encoding In real-time I/Q baseband digital modulation waveforms, data (1’s and 0’s) are encoded, modulated onto a carrier frequency and subsequently transmitted to a receiver. In contrast to differe...

Chapter 7 163 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Differential Data Encoding How Differential Encoding Works Differential encoding employs offsets in the symbol table to encode user-defined modulation schemes. The Differential State Map editor is used to introduce symbol table offset values, ...

164 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Differential Data Encoding When applied to the user-defined default 4QAM I/Q map, starting from the 1st symbol (data 00), the differential encoding transitions for the data stream (in 2-bit symbols) 0011100001 appear in the previous illustrati...

Chapter 7 165 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Differential Data Encoding Using Differential Encoding Differential encoding is a digital-encoding technique that denotes a binary value by a signal change rather than a particular signal state. It is available for Custom Real Time I/Q Baseban...

166 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Differential Data Encoding Accessing the Differential State Map Editor • Press Configure Differential Encoding . This opens the Differential State Map editor. At this point, you see the data for the 1st symbol (00000000) and the cursor prepare...

Chapter 7 167 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband Working with Differential Data Encoding 4. Press 0 > Enter . This encodes the fourth symbol by adding a symbol table offset of 0. The symbol does not rotate through the state map when a data value of 11 is modulated. NOTE At this point, the modulation h...

169 8 Multitone Waveform Generator This chapter describes the Multitone mode, which is available only in E8267C PSG vector signal generators. This chapter includes the following major sections: • “Overview” on page 170 • “Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms” on page 171

170 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Overview Overview The multitone mode builds a waveform that has up to 64 CW signals, or tones. Using the Multitone Setup table editor, you can define, modify, and store waveforms for playback. Multitone waveforms are generated by the internal I/Q baseband g...

Chapter 8 171 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms This section describes how to set up, generate, and optimize a multitone waveform while viewing it with a spectrum analyzer. Although you can view a ...

172 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms The multitone signal should be available at the signal generator RF OUTPUT connector. Figure 8-2 on page 172 shows what the signal generator display should look like after all steps have been completed. ...

Chapter 8 173 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms 7. Set the attenuation to 14 dB, so you’re not overdriving the input mixer on the spectrum analyzer. You should now see a waveform with nine tones and a 20 GHz center carrier frequency that is similar to...

174 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms 6. Press Edit Item > -10 > dB . 7. Highlight the value ( 0 ) in the Phase column for the tone in row 4. 8. Press Edit Item > 123 > deg . 9. Press Apply Multitone . NOTE Whenever a change is m...

Chapter 8 175 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms Figure 8-5 To Minimize Carrier Feedthrough This procedure describes how to minimize carrier feedthrough and measure the difference in power between the tones and their intermodulation distortion products...

176 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms 4. Press Q Offset and turn the rotary knob to further reduce the carrier feedthrough level. 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until you have reached the lowest possible carrier feedthrough level. 6. On the spectru...

Chapter 8 177 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms To Determine Peak to Average Characteristics This procedure describes how to set the phases of the tones in a multitone waveform and determine the peak to average characteristics by plotting the compleme...

178 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating, Viewing, and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms 10. Press Done . 11. Press Apply Multitone . 12. Press More (1 of 2) > Waveform Statistics > Plot CCDF . You should now see a display that is similar to the one shown in Figure 8-8 . The CCDF plot ...

179 9 Two-Tone Waveform Generator In the following sections, this chapter describes the Two Tone mode, which is available only in E8267C PSG vector signal generators. • “Overview” on page 180 • “Creating, Viewing, and Modifying Two-Tone Waveforms” on page 181

180 Chapter 9 Two-Tone Waveform Generator Overview Overview The two-tone mode builds a waveform that has two equal-powered CW signals, or tones. The default waveform has two tones that are symmetrically spaced from the center carrier frequency, and have user-defined amplitude, carrier frequency, and...

Chapter 9 181 Two-Tone Waveform Generator Creating, Viewing, and Modifying Two-Tone Waveforms Creating, Viewing, and Modifying Two-Tone Waveforms This section describes how to set up, generate, and modify a two-tone waveform while viewing it with a spectrum analyzer. Although you can view a generate...

182 Chapter 9 Two-Tone Waveform Generator Creating, Viewing, and Modifying Two-Tone Waveforms Figure 9-2 To View a Two-Tone Waveform This procedure describes how to configure the spectrum analyzer to view a two-tone waveform and its IMD products. Actual key presses will vary, depending on the model ...

186 Chapter 9 Two-Tone Waveform Generator Creating, Viewing, and Modifying Two-Tone Waveforms To Change the Alignment of a Two-Tone Waveform This procedure describes how to align a two-tone waveform left or right, relative to the center carrier frequency. Because the frequency of one of the tones is...

187 10 Troubleshooting This chapter provides basic troubleshooting information for Agilent PSG signal generators. If you do not find a solution here, refer to the Service Guide. NOTE If the signal generator displays an error, always read the error message text by pressing Utility > Error Info . •...

Chapter 10 189 Troubleshooting RF Output Power Problems RF Output Power Problems Check the RF ON/OFF annunciator on the display. If it reads RF OFF , press RF On/Off to toggle the RF output on. RF Output Power too Low 1. Look for an OFFS or REF indicator in the AMPLITUDE area of the display. OFFS te...

190 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting RF Output Power Problems Signal Loss While Working with a Mixer If you experience signal loss at the signal generator’s RF output during low-amplitude coupled operation with a mixer, you can solve the problem by adding attenuation and increasing the RF output amplitude...

Chapter 10 191 Troubleshooting RF Output Power Problems Figure 10-2 Reverse Power Solution Compared to the original configuration, the ALC level is 10 dB higher while the attenuator reduces the LO feedthrough (and the RF output of the signal generator) by 10 dB. Using the attenuated configuration, t...

192 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting RF Output Power Problems Signal Loss While Working with a Spectrum Analyzer The effects of reverse power can cause problems with the signal generator’s RF output when the signal generator is used with a spectrum analyzer that does not have preselection capability. Some...

Chapter 10 193 Troubleshooting No Modulation at the RF Output There are three power search modes: manual, automatic, and span. When Power Search is set to Manual, pressing Do Power Search executes the power search calibration routine for the current RF frequency and amplitude. In this mode, if there...

194 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Sweep Problems Sweep Problems Sweep Appears to be Stalled The current status of the sweep is indicated as a shaded rectangle in the progress bar. You can observe the progress bar to determine if the sweep is progressing. If the sweep appears to have stalled, check the ...

Chapter 10 195 Troubleshooting Sweep Problems Incorrect List Sweep Dwell Time If the signal generator does not dwell for the correct period of time at each sweep list point, follow these steps: 1. Press Sweep/List > Configure List Sweep . This displays the sweep list values. 2. Check the sweep li...

196 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Data Storage Problems Data Storage Problems Registers With Previously Stored Instrument States are Empty The save/recall registers are backed-up by a battery when line power to the signal generator is not connected. The battery may need to be replaced. To verify that t...

Chapter 10 197 Troubleshooting Cannot Turn Off Help Mode Cannot Turn Off Help Mode 1. Press Utility > Instrument Info/Help Mode 2. Press Help Mode Single Cont until Single is highlighted. The signal generator has two help modes; single and continuous. When you press Help in single mode (the facto...

198 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Signal Generator Locks Up Signal Generator Locks Up If the signal generator is locked up, check the following: • Make sure that the signal generator is not in remote mode (in remote mode, the R annunciator appears on the display). To exit remote mode and unlock the fro...

200 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Error Messages Error Messages If an error condition occurs in the signal generator, it is reported to both the front panel display error queue and the SCPI (remote interface) error queue. These two queues are viewed and managed separately; for information on the SCPI e...

Chapter 10 201 Troubleshooting Error Messages Error Message Format When accessing error messages through the front panel display error queue, the error numbers, messages and descriptions are displayed on an enumerated (“1 of N”) basis. Error messages appear in the lower-left corner of the display as...

202 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Error Messages Error Message Types Events do not generate more than one type of error. For example, an event that generates a query error will not generate a device-specific, execution, or command error. Query Errors (–499 to –400) indicate that the instrument’s output...

Chapter 10 203 Troubleshooting Returning a Signal Generator to Agilent Technologies Returning a Signal Generator to Agilent Technologies To return your signal generator to Agilent Technologies, follow these steps: 1. Be prepared to give your service representative as much information as possible reg...

Index 205 Index Symbols Φ M, 81 Numerics 10 MHz connectors, 24 128QAM I/Q modulation, creating, 137 1410, application note, 170 , 180 A AC power receptacle, 18 ACP, 126 , 154 active entry area (display), 13 adjustments, display, 11 Agilent Technologies, 203 ALC annunciator, 14 bandwidth selection, 5...

Index 206 Index continuous list sweep, 36 step sweep, 33 wave RF output, 28 contrast adjustments (display), 11 correction array (user flatness) configuration, 66 load from step array, 66 viewing, 67 See also user flatness correction couplers/splitters, using, 60 Custom Arb waveform generator, 119 – ...

Index 207 Index front panel description, 6 – 16 FSK files, 52 modulation, 136 , 141 , 142 G GATE/PULSE/TRIGGER INPUT connector, 10 Gaussian filter, selecting, 126 Goto Row softkey, 27 GPIB, 18 , 69 H hardkeys, 6 – 11 hardware, configuring, 143 , 158 header files (ARB waveform), 88 – 98 Help hardkey,...

Index 208 Index microwave amplifier, 47 mixer, signal loss while using, 190 mm-wave source module extending frequency range with, 47 leveling with, 63 user flatness correction array, creating, 69 – 75 mod on/off, 9 , 15 models, signal generator, 2 modes of operation, 5 modulation amplitude. See AMan...