Agilent 8510 - Manual

7 Modification procedure Calibration kit modification provides the capabilityto adapt to measurement calibrations in other con-nector types or to generate more precise errormodels from existing kits. Provided the appropri-ate standards are available, cal kit modificationcan be used to establish a re...

9 Each standard is described using the StandardDefinition Table in accordance with the 1- or 2-port model. The Standard Definition table for awaveguide calibration kit is shown in Table 1. Eachstandard type (short, open, load, thru, and arbi-trary impedance) may be defined by the parame-ters as spec...

10 It is not possible to remove fringing capacitance,but the resultant phase shift can be modeled as afunction of frequency using C 0 through C 3 (C 0 +C l x f + C 2 x f 2 + C 3 x f 3 ,with units of F(Hz), C 0 (fF), C 1 (10 -27 F/Hz), C 2 (10 -36 F/Hz 2 ) and C 3 (10 -45 F/Hz 3 ), which are the coef...

11 Note In some cases (when the phase response is linearwith respect to frequency) the response of an opencan be modeled as an equivalent “incremental”length. This method will serve as a first order approxima-tion only, but can be useful when data or stan-dards for the above modeling techniques are ...

The inductance as a function of frequency can bemodeled by specifying the coefficients of a third-order polynomial (L 0 + L 1 x f + L 2 x f 2 + L 3 x f 3 ), with units of L 0 (nH), L 1 (10 -24 H/Hz), L 2 (10 -33 H/Hz 2 ) and L 3 (10 -42 H/Hz 3 ). For the waveguide example, the inductance of theoffse...

13 The convention for definition of offset delay inwaveguide requires entry of the delay assuming nodispersion. For waveguide transmission line, theAgilent 8510 calculates the effects of dispersion asa function of frequency as follows: f co = lower cutoff frequency f = measurement frequency Note To ...

14 µ r = relative permeability constant of the medium (equal to 1.0 in air) ε r = relative permittivity constant of the medium (equal to 1.000649 in air)D = inside diameter of outer conductord = outside diameter of inner conductor The 8510 requires that the characteristic imped-ance of waveguide tra...

15 Therefore, for the WR-62 waveguide standard defi-nition table, offset loss of zero ohm/sec is enteredfor all four standards. Lower/minimum frequency Lower frequency defines the minimum frequency atwhich the standard is to be used for the purposesof calibration. Note When defining coaxial offset s...

16 Upper/maximum frequency This specifies the maximum frequency at whichthe standard is valid. In broadband applications, aset of banded standards may be necessary to pro-vide constant response. For example, coaxial offsetstandards (i.e., 1 / 4 λ offset short) are generally spec- ified over bandwidt...

17 Note Mathematical operations on measurements (anddisplayed data) after calibration are not correctedfor dispersion. Enter WAVEGUIDE into the standard definitiontable for all four standards. Standard labels Labels are entered through the title menu and maycontain up to 10 characters. Standard Labe...

18 S 11 A,B,C and S 22 A,B,C S 11 A, B,C and S 22 A,B,C correspond to the S 11 and S 22 ref lection calibrations for port 1 and port 2 respectively. These three classes are used by theAgilent 8510 to solve for the systematic errors;directivity, source match, and ref lection tracking.The three classe...

22 User modified cal kits and Agilent 8510 specifications As noted previously, the resultant accuracy of the8510 when used with any calibration kit is depend-ent on how well its standards are defined and isverified through measurement of a device withtraceable frequency response. The published Measu...

29 Appendix CCal coefficients model Offset devices like offset shorts and offset opens canbe modeled by the following signal f low graph : Figure 1 Signal flow graph model of offset devices The offset portion of the open or short, is modeledas a perfectly uniform lossy air dielectric transmis-sion l...

30 Their first order approximations, R is small and G=0, are: Equation 3 Since Equation 4 For coaxial devices

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