3Com 6000 - Manual

Removing an ARP Cache Entry 7-10Flushing the ARP Cache 7-10 Administering UDP Helper 7-11 Displaying UDP Helper Information 7-11Defining a Port and IP Forwarding Address 7-12Removing a Port and IP Forwarding Address 7-12Setting the Hop Count Limit 7-13Setting the BOOTP Relay Threshold 7-13 Enabling/...

9 A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING Administering Interfaces 9-2 Displaying AppleTalk Interfaces 9-3Defining an Interface 9-3Removing an Interface 9-4 Administering Routes 9-4 Displaying the Routing Table 9-5Flushing all Routes 9-6 Administering the AARP Cache 9-6 Displaying the AARP Cache 9-7Rem...

A BOUT T HIS G UIDE Introduction The LANplex 6000 Extended Switching User Guide provides information about the features included with the LANplex Extended Switching software. These features include IP, IPX, and AppleTalk routing. You will use this guide with the LANplex 6000 Administration Console U...

2 A BOUT T HIS G UIDE Conventions Table 1 and Table 2 list conventions that are used throughout this guide. Table 1 Notice Icons Icon Type Description Information Note Information notes call attention to important features or instructions. Caution Cautions alert you to personal safety risk, system d...

LANplex 6000 Documentation 3 LANplex 6000 Documentation The following documents comprise the LANplex 6000 documentation set. If you want to order a document that you do not have or order additional documents, contact your sales representative for assistance. ■ LANplex 6000 Unpacking Instructions Des...

4 A BOUT T HIS G UIDE ■ LANplex 6000 Administration Console User Guide Provides information about using the Administration Console to configure and manage your LANplex system. (Shipped with system/Part No. 801-00254-000) ■ LANplex 6000 Extended Switching User Guide Describes how the routing protocol...

I Chapter 1 LANplex Extended Switching Features Chapter 2 Installing Extended Switching Software G ETTING S TARTED

1 LAN PLEX E XTENDED S WITCHING F EATURES This chapter provides an overview of the Extended Switching software, and describes the new enhanced Administration Console menus. About LANplex Extended Switching The LANplex Extended Switching software replaces your existing LANplex software and adds new f...

1-2 C HAPTER 1: LAN PLEX E XTENDED S WITCHING F EATURES Using Menus to Perform Tasks When you gain access to the Administration Console, the top-level menu appears. The Extended Switching software contains two new top-level menus (IPX and AppleTalk) and enhancements to the IP menu option: Menu optio...

Using Menus to Perform Tasks 1-3 IP Menu From the ip menu, you can view information about and configure Internet Protocol (IP) interfaces and routes. You can also administer the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), UDP Helper, IP Forwarding, and ping IP stations...

1-4 C HAPTER 1: LAN PLEX E XTENDED S WITCHING F EATURES IPX Menu From the ipx menu, you can view information about and configure Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) interfaces, routes, and servers. You can also administer the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Enhanced RIP mode, Service Advertising Prot...

Using Menus to Perform Tasks 1-5 AppleTalk Menu From the appletalk menu, you can view information about and configure Appletalk interfaces, routes, and zones. You can also administer the Appletalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP), Appletalk forwarding, and statistics. See Figure 1-3. For example, ...

2 I NSTALLING E XTENDED S WITCHING S OFTWARE This chapter explains how to install Extended Switching software onto your system. Refer to the LANplex 6000 Release Notes for the latest system software installation information. About Installing Software When you upgrade to the Extended Switching Softwa...

2-2 C HAPTER 2: I NSTALLING E XTENDED S WITCHING S OFTWARE Copying to UNIX The LANplex software for a UNIX-based hard disk is distributed on four floppy diskettes. Diskettes #1, #2, and #3 contain the LANplex software. Diskette #4 contains the SNMP MIBs. The SNMP MIBs, on diskette #4, are provided s...

Copying Software to a Hard Disk 2-3 6 Use the supplied script to decompress and restore the split file ( lp6000R00, lp6000R01, and lp6000R02 ). # ./restore_lpxR See the README1 file for size and checksum information. Copying to DOS The LANplex software for a DOS-based hard disk is distributed on two...

2-4 C HAPTER 2: I NSTALLING E XTENDED S WITCHING S OFTWARE Loading Software Before loading the system software on the LMM+, you must verify that the host machine, which has a copy of the updated system software, is connected to the system by one of the methods described in Chapter 3: Configuring Man...

II Chapter 3 Routing and the LANplex System Chapter 4 Routing with IP Chapter 5 Routing with IPX Chapter 6 Routing with AppleTalk A BOUT R OUTING P ROTOCOLS

3 R OUTING AND THE LAN PLEX S YSTEM This chapter shows how the LANplex system operates in a subnetted routing environment and describes the LANplex routing methodology — specifically, how the LANplex bridging and routing model compares with traditional models. What is Routing? Routing is the process...

3-2 C HAPTER 3: R OUTING AND THE LAN PLEX S YSTEM Figure 3-1 Traditional Architecture of a Routed Network LANplex in a Subnetted Environment The LANplex system allows you to fit Ethernet switching capability into highly subnetted environments. When you put the LANplex system into a subnetted network...

What is Routing? 3-3 Integrating Bridging and Routing The LANplex system has bridging and routing integrated into the Ethernet/FDDI Switching Module (EFSM) and the Ethernet Switching Module (ESM). The Token Ring Switching Module ( TRSM) supports bridging only. Multiple switch ports can be assigned t...

3-4 C HAPTER 3: R OUTING AND THE LAN PLEX S YSTEM Ethernet ports to expand your existing subnets. This is in contrast to more traditional forms of bridging and routing where, at most, one port is connected to any subnet. In the traditional model, if you want to increase the level of segmentation in ...

Bridging/Routing Models 3-5 Figure 3-4 Bridging in the Traditional Bridging/Routing Model In the traditional bridging/routing model, a packet is routed as follows (see Figure 3-5): 1 The packet enters the bridge/router. 2 The bridge/router determines that the packet belongs to a recognized routed pr...

3-6 C HAPTER 3: R OUTING AND THE LAN PLEX S YSTEM LANplex Bridging/Routing Model The LANplex 6000 determines whether a packet should be bridged or routed using the destination MAC address. Before a host sends a packet to another host, it compares its own network address to the network address of the...

Bridging/Routing Models 3-7 In the LANplex bridging/routing model, a packet is routed as follows (see Figure 3-7): 1 The packet enters the module. 2 The packet’s destination address is examined by the bridging layer. 3 The destination address corresponds to the address of one of the module ports con...

4 R OUTING WITH IP This chapter gives an overview of IP routing, specifically defining: ■ What IP routing involves ■ What elements are necessary for IP routers to effectively transmit packets ■ How IP routing transmission errors are detected and resolved IP Routing and the OSI Model An IP router, un...

4-2 C HAPTER 4: R OUTING WITH IP When an IP router sends a packet over multiple physical networks, it does not know the complete path to a destination — only the next hop. Each hop involves the following: ■ The IP routing algorithm computes the next hop IP address (the next router interface) using t...

The Elements of IP Routing 4-3 Address Classes The boundary of the network part and the host part depends on the class of network you are assigned by the central agency. The primary classes of IP addresses are Class A, Class B, and Class C. ■ Class A addresses — have seven bits for the network part ...

4-4 C HAPTER 4: R OUTING WITH IP Figure 4-3 How a Subnet Mask is Applied to the IP Address An example of an IP address that includes the network, subnet, and host parts is 158.101.230.52 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 . This address is divided as follows: ■ 158.101 is the network part ■ 230 is ...

The Elements of IP Routing 4-5 Figure 4-4 Router Interfaces Routing Table A routing table allows a router or host to determine how to send a packet toward the packet’s ultimate destination. The routing table contains an entry for every destination network, subnet, or host to which the router or host...

4-6 C HAPTER 4: R OUTING WITH IP Figure 4-5 Example of a Routing Table Routing table information is generated and updated in the following ways: ■ Statically — You manually enter routes, which do not change until you change them (that is, they will not time out). ■ Dynamically — The router uses a ro...

The Elements of IP Routing 4-7 An active router sends a RIP message every 30 seconds. This message contains both the IP address and a metric (the distance to the destination from that router) for each destination. In RIP, each router that a packet must travel through to reach a destination equals on...

4-8 C HAPTER 4: R OUTING WITH IP source addresses for both the hardware (MAC addresses) and the protocol (IP addresses). See Figure 4-7. Figure 4-7 Example of an ARP Request Packet When the devices on the network receive this packet, they examine it, and if their address is not the target protocol a...

IP Routing Transmission Errors 4-9 IP Routing Transmission Errors Because each router only knows about the next hop, it is not aware of problems that may be further “down the road” toward the destination. Destinations can be unreachable if: ■ Hardware is temporarily out of service ■ You inadvertentl...

4-10 C HAPTER 4: R OUTING WITH IP IP Routing References Comer, Douglas E. Internetworking with TCP/IP Volume I: Principles, Protocols, and Architecture . Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1991. Perlman, Radia. Interconnections: Bridges and Routers . Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-W...

This chapter provides an overview of IPX routing, specifically defining: ■ What part IPX plays in the NetWare environment ■ How IPX works ■ What elements are necessary for IPX routers to transmit packets effectively IPX Routing in the NetWare Environment NetWare is a network operating system (NOS) d...

5-2 C HAPTER 5: R OUTING WITH IPX Figure 5-1 NetWare Protocols and the OSI Reference Model The LANplex system uses the following protocols for routing in a Netware environment: ■ Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) ■ Routing Information Protocol (RIP) ■ Service Advertisement Protocol (SAP) Internet Packe...

IPX Routing in the NetWare Environment 5-3 Routing Information Protocol (RIP) RIP allows the exchange of routing information on a NetWare network. IPX routers use RIP to dynamically create and maintain their routing tables. RIP allows a router to exchange routing information with a neighboring route...

5-4 C HAPTER 5: R OUTING WITH IPX How IPX Routing Works A router operates at the network layer of the OSI Reference Model. This means that it receives its instructions to route packets from one segment to another from a network layer protocol. IPX, with the help of RIP and SAP, performs these networ...

How IPX Routing Works 5-5 The packet format consists of the following elements: ■ Checksum — The IPX packet begins with a 16-bit checksum field that is set to ones. ■ Packet Length — This 16-bit field contains the length, in bytes, of the complete network packet. This includes both the IPX header an...

5-6 C HAPTER 5: R OUTING WITH IPX IPX Packet Delivery On a NetWare network, the successful delivery of a packet depends on the proper addressing of the packet and the internetwork configuration. Packet addressing is handled in its Media Access Control (MAC) protocol header and IPX header address fie...

How IPX Routing Works 5-7 segment responds to the RIP request. The router’s response includes its network and node address in the IPX header. If the sending node is a router rather than a workstation, the router can get this information from its internal routing tables and need not send a RIP reques...

5-8 C HAPTER 5: R OUTING WITH IPX The Elements of IPX Routing IPX routers use the following elements to transmit packets over an intranetwork: ■ Router interfaces ■ Routing tables ■ SAP Router Interfaces A router interface is the connection between the router and the network number (address). In tra...

The Elements of IPX Routing 5-9 ■ Hops to Network — Provides the number of routers that must be crossed to reach the network segment. ■ Ticks to Network — Provides an estimate of the time necessary to reach the destination segment. ■ Node — The node address of the router that can forward packets to ...

5-10 C HAPTER 5: R OUTING WITH IPX LANplex system uses RIP (one of the most widely used IGPs), to dynamically build its routing tables. RIP operates in terms of active and passive devices. The active devices, usually routers, broadcast their RIP messages to all devices in a network; they update thei...

The Elements of IPX Routing 5-11 Workstations cannot initiate a session with a file server without first knowing the server’s address. SAP Packet Structure SAP uses IPX and the medium-access protocols for its transport. The packet structure allows for the following functions: ■ A workstation request...

The Elements of IPX Routing 5-13 Server Information Table A server information table holds information about all the servers on the internetwork. It is this table that SAP agents use to store information received in SAP broadcasts. Figure 5-6 shows an example of a typical server information table. F...

5-14 C HAPTER 5: R OUTING WITH IPX automatically change in response to network topology changes, you should only manually configure a small number of servers. Dynamic Routes Using SAP. The automated method of adding and removing services help you keep up with a changing network environment, allowing...

The Elements of IPX Routing 5-15 SAP Request Handling. When a SAP agent receives a general request, a SAP response packet containing information about all servers of any type known to the SAP agent is sent to the sending source. This response includes the same information sent out in a periodic broa...

This chapter provides an overview of AppleTalk routing, and specifically defines these topics: ■ Appletalk Network Elements ■ AppleTalk Protocols ■ About AARP About AppleTalk AppleTalk is a protocol suite defined by Apple Computer, Inc., for connecting computers and peripherals, and other devices on...

6-2 C HAPTER 6: R OUTING WITH A PPLE T ALK AppleTalk Networks A network in an AppleTalk internet is a cable segment attached to a router. Each network is identified by a network number or range of network numbers. The network administrator assigns these numbers from a range of valid network numbers....

AppleTalk Network Elements 6-3 AppleTalk Zones An AppleTalk zone is a logical collection of nodes on an AppleTalk internet. A zone can include all nodes in a single network or a collection of nodes in different networks. You assign a unique name to each zone to identify it in the internet. Figure 6-...

6-4 C HAPTER 6: R OUTING WITH A PPLE T ALK You will gain access to the printer more quickly within the zone because the zone includes fewer devices than the entire internet. Seed Routers A seed router initializes the internet with AppleTalk configuration information including network numbers and zon...

AppleTalk Protocols 6-5 Figure 6-2 AppleTalk Protocols and the OSI Reference Model The AppleTalk six-layer protocol suite is not fully compliant with the OSI seven-layer reference model. However, AppleTalk provides many of the functions and services provided by OSI. Note that AppleTalk has no specif...

6-6 C HAPTER 6: R OUTING WITH A PPLE T ALK The AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP), which translates hardware addresses to AppleTalk addresses, also exists at the datalink layer because it is closely related to the Ethernet and token ring LAPs. This protocol is usually included in the defin...

AppleTalk Protocols 6-7 Each router builds a routing table that is the basis of dynamic routing operations in an AppleTalk internet. Every ten seconds, each router sends an RTMP data packet to the network. Routers use the information that they receive in the RTMP broadcasts to build their routing ta...

6-8 C HAPTER 6: R OUTING WITH A PPLE T ALK Figure 6-3 A Simple AppleTalk Network You can view the AppleTalk routing tables in your network through the Administration Console. The AppleTalk Echo Protocol (AEP). AppleTalk nodes use the AEP to send datagrams to other nodes in the network. The AEP cause...

AppleTalk Protocols 6-9 The AppleTalk Transaction Protocol (ATP). ATP, along with the AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol (ADSP), ensures that DDP packets are delivered to a destination without any losses or corruption. The Name Binding Protocol (NBP). The NBP translates alphanumeric entity names to Appl...

6-10 C HAPTER 6: R OUTING WITH A PPLE T ALK The AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol (ADSP). The ADSP works with the ATP to ensure reliable data transmission. Unlike ATP, however, ADSP provides full-duplex byte-stream delivery. This means that two nodes can communicate simultaneously. ASDP also includes f...

III Chapter 7 Administering IP Routing Chapter 8 Administering IPX Routing Chapter 9 Administering AppleTalk Routing A DMINISTERING R OUTING P ROTOCOLS

7-2 C HAPTER 7: A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING packets to or from the switching module itself. Second, the IP address defines the network and subnet numbers of the segments connected to that interface. Packets to be forwarded by the switching module contain the IP addresses of the original source and th...

Administering Interfaces 7-3 Displaying Interfaces You can display a table that shows all IP interfaces configured for each switching module in the system, including their parameter settings. To display IP interface information: 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: ip interface d...

7-4 C HAPTER 7: A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING 6 Enter the cost value of the interface. 7 Enter the port(s) that you want to include in the interface. Separate nonconsecutive ports with commas (,). Enter a consecutive series of ports using a dash (-). See the example below: Select slot {3-4} [3-4]: 3 En...

Administering Routes 7-5 Removing an Interface You may want to remove an interface if you no longer route on the ports associated with the interface. To remove an IP interface definition: 1 From the top level of the Administration Console, enter: ip interface remove 2 Enter the slot of the switching...

7-6 C HAPTER 7: A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING ■ Status The status of the route provides the information described in Table 7-1. In addition to the routes to specific destinations, the routing table may contain an additional entry called the default route. The switching module uses the default route to ...

Administering Routes 7-7 Defining a Static Route Prior to defining static routes on a given switching module, you must define at least one IP interface. Static routes remain in the table until you remove them, or until you remove the corresponding interface. Static routes take precedence over dynami...

7-8 C HAPTER 7: A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING Removing a Route To remove a route: 1 From the top level of the Administration Console, enter: ip route remove 2 Enter the slot of the switching module for which you want to remove a static route. 3 Enter the destination IP address of the route. 4 Enter the...

Administering the ARP Cache 7-9 Removing the Default Route If a switching module’s routing table does not contain a default route — either statically configured or learned using RIP — then it cannot forward a packet that does not match any other routing table entry. If this occurs, then the module d...

7-10 C HAPTER 7: A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING The contents of the ARP cache are displayed as shown in the example below. Slot 3- IP forwarding is enabled, IP Address MAC Address Interface 158.101.1.112 08-00-1e-31-a6-2 1 158.101.1.117 08-00-1e-65-21-07 1 Slot 3- IP forwarding is enabled Removing an AR...

Administering UDP Helper 7-11 Administering UDP Helper UDP Helper allows you to send User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packets between routed networks. UDP Helper provides support for UDP services such as BOOTP or DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), that rely on the BOOTP relay agent. For example...

7-12 C HAPTER 7: A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING Defining a Port and IP Forwarding Address You can define port numbers and IP forwarding addresses for the UDP Helper. You can have up to 32 combinations of port numbers/IP forwarding addresses per router. You can also have multiple IP address entries for t...

Enabling/ Disabling IP Forwarding 7-13 Setting the Hop Count Limit You can set the maximum hop count that a packet is forwarded through the router. The range is 0 through 16. The default is 4. To set the hop count limit: 1 From the top level of the Administration Console, enter: ip udpHelper hopCoun...

7-14 C HAPTER 7: A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING To enable or disable IP forwarding: 1 From the top level of the Administration Console, enter: ip forwarding 2 Enter the slot(s) of the switching module(s) for which you want to enable IP forwarding. Separate non-consecutive slots with commas (,). Enter a ...

Pinging an IP Station 7-15 See the example below: Select slot(s) (3-4|all) [3-4]: all Slot 3 - Select RIP mode (off,passive,active) [passive]: active Slot 4 - Select RIP mode (off,passive,active) [passive]: active Pinging an IP Station Ping uses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo faci...

7-16 C HAPTER 7: A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING Displaying IP Statistics The IP statistics you can view are described in Table 7-2. To display IP statistics: 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: ip statistics 2 Enter the slot(s) of the switching module(s) for which you want to view I...

8-2 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING Administering Interfaces You define interfaces to establish the relationship between the ports on your EFSMs and the network in your IPX network. You must define one interface for each group of ports that are connected to the same network. This means that ...

Administering Interfaces 8-3 Displaying IPX Interfaces You can display a table that shows all IPX interfaces and their parameter settings configured for each EFSM in the system. To display IPX interface information: 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: ipx interface display 2 Ent...

8-4 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING 6 Enter the port(s) that you want to include in the interface. Separate non-consecutive ports with commas (,). Enter a consecutive series of ports using a dash (-). See the example below: Modifying an Interface You may want to change the configuration of a...

Administering Routes 8-5 Administering Routes Each EFSM maintains a table of routes to other IPX networks. You can either use the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) to exchange routing information automatically or make static entries in this table using the Administration Console. Each routing table...

8-6 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING Displaying the Routing Table You can display the routing tables for the EFSMs in a system to determine which routes are configured and if they are operational. To display the contents of the routing table: 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, ...

Administering Routes 8-7 6 Enter the node address of the route. A static route is defined in the following example: Removing a Route To remove a route: 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: ipx route remove 2 Enter the slot of the EFSM for which you want to remove any static or dy...

8-8 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING Administering Servers Each EFSM maintains a table of servers on other IPX networks. You can either use the Service Advertising Protocol (SAP) to exchange server information automatically or make static entries in this table using the Administration Console...

Administering Servers 8-9 In the following example, servers known to an EFSM in slot 3 are displayed. The configuration of IPX forwarding, RIP, and SAP is indicated in the display. Defining a Static Server Prior to defining static servers on a given EFSM, you must define at least one IPX interface (...

8-10 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING Removing a Server To remove a server: 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: ipx server remove 2 Enter the slot of the EFSM for which you want to remove any static or dynamic server. 3 Enter the service type of the server. 4 Enter the se...

Setting IPX Forwarding 8-11 Setting IPX Forwarding You can control whether an EFSM forwards or discards IPX packets addressed to other routers. When you enable IPX forwarding, the EFSM acts as a normal IPX router, forwarding IPX packets from one network to another when required. When you disable IPX...

8-12 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING RIP default mode By default, RIP is off. To set the RIP operating mode: 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: ipx rip 2 Enter the slot(s) of the EFSM(s) for which you want to set the RIP mode. Separate non-consecutive slots with commas ...

Setting the SAP Mode 8-13 Setting the SAP Mode You can select a SAP mode that is appropriate for your network. SAP can operate in any of three modes: ■ Off — The EFSM ignores all incoming SAP packets and does not generate any SAP packets of its own. ■ Passive — The EFSM processes all incoming SAP pa...

8-14 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING Displaying Statistics The Administration Console allows you to display four types of IPX-related statistics: ■ IPX Summary statistics ■ IPX RIP statistics ■ IPX SAP statistics ■ IPX Forwarding statistics Displaying IPX Summary Statistics To display IPX su...

Displaying Statistics 8-15 Displaying IPX RIP Statistics To display IPX RIP statistics: 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: ipx statistics rip 2 Enter the slot(s) of the EFSM(s) for which you want to view IPX RIP statistics. Separate non-consecutive slots with commas (,). Enter ...

8-16 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING Displaying IPX SAP Statistics To display IPX SAP statistics 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: ipx statistics sap 2 Enter the slot(s) of the EFSM(s) for which you want to view IPX SAP statistics. Separate non-consecutive slots with c...

Displaying Statistics 8-17 Displaying IPX Forwarding Statistics To display IPX Forwarding statistics: 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: ipx statistics forwarding 2 Enter the slot(s) of the EFSM(s) for which you want to view IPX forwarding statistics. Separate non-consecutive s...

9-2 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING Administering Interfaces You define interfaces to establish the relationship between the ports on your EFSMs and the subnets in your network. You must define one interface for each group of ports that are connected to the same subnet. This means t...

Administering Interfaces 9-3 unassigned ports. However, AppleTalk packets will not be forwarded to ports that are not assigned to an AppleTalk interface. Displaying AppleTalk Interfaces You can display a table that shows all AppleTalk interfaces and their parameter settings configured for each EFSM ...

9-4 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING 5 Enter the end of the network range associated with the interface. 6 Enter the default zone name. The default zone name is used by clients that have not been configured to use a particular zone. 7 Enter the zone name. You can enter up to 16 zone ...

Administering Routes 9-5 ■ Distance The distance in hops to the destination network ■ Interface The defined interface number ■ State The status (good, suspect, bad, or really bad) of each route Displaying the Routing Table You can display the routing tables for the EFSMs in a system to determine whi...

9-6 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING Flushing all Routes Flushing deletes all dynamically learned routes from the routing table. To flush all learned routes: 1 At the Administration Console’s top-level menu, enter: appletalk route flush 2 Enter the slot(s) of the EFSM(S) for which yo...

Administering the AARP Cache 9-7 Displaying the AARP Cache You can display the AARP cache for the EFSMs in a system to determine which routes are configured and if they are operational. To display the contents of the AARP cache: 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: appletalk aarp...

9-8 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING Removing an Entry in the Cache To remove an AARP cache entry: 1 At the Administration Console’s top-level menu, enter: appletalk aarp remove 2 Enter the slot(s) of the EFSM(s) for which you want to remove the AARP cache entry. 3 Enter the AARP add...

Displaying the Zone Table 9-9 In the Administration Console, you can display the zone table either by network numbers or by zones. To display the zone table: 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: appletalk zone display network OR appletalk zone display zone 2 Enter the slot(s) of ...

9-10 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING Configuring Forwarding You can control whether the router forwards or discards AppleTalk packets addressed to other hosts. When you enable forwarding, the router processes packets as usual, forwarding AppleTalk packets from one subnet to another ...

Pinging an AppleTalk Node 9-11 Pinging an AppleTalk Node The AppleTalk Echo Protocol (AEP) sends a datagram (an Echo Request) from one node to another, which causes the destination node to return or echo , the datagram (an Echo Reply) to the sender. This allows you to determine whether a node is acc...

9-12 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING An example of summary statistics is shown below: The AppleTalk DDP statistics you can view are described in Table 9-1: Slot 2 - DDP forwarding is enabled. inReceives inForwards inLocals inNoRoutes 131131 113171 17906 22 inNoClients inTooShorts in...

Viewing Appletalk Statistics 9-13 Displaying RTMP Information To display RTMP statistics: 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: appletalk statistics rtmp 2 Enter the slot(s) of the EFSM(s) for which you want to view RTMP statistics. Separate non-consecutive slots with commas (,). ...

9-14 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING Displaying ZIP Information To display ZIP statistics: 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: appletalk statistics zip 2 Enter the slot(s) of the EFSM(s) for which you want to view ZIP statistics. Separate non-consecutive slots w...

9-16 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING Displaying NBP Information The NBP handles the translations between the numeric internet address and the alphanumeric entity names used by AppleTalk. To display NBP statistics: 1 From the Administration Console top-level menu, enter: appletalk st...

Viewing Appletalk Statistics 9-17 The NBP statistics you can view are described in Table 9-4: Table 9-4 NBP Statistics Field Description inLkupReqs Number of NBP Lookup Requests received inBcastsReqs Number of NBP Broadcast Requests received inFwdReqs Number of NBP Forward Requests received inLkupRe...

A T ECHNICAL S UPPORT 3Com provides easy access to technical support information through a variety of services. This appendix describes these services. On-line Technical Services 3Com offers worldwide product support seven days a week, 24 hours a day, through the following on-line systems: ■ 3Com Bu...

A-2 A PPENDIX A: T ECHNICAL S UPPORT Access by ISDN ISDN users can dial-in to 3ComBBS using a digital modem for fast access up to 56 Kbps. To access 3ComBBS using ISDN, dial the following number: (408) 654-2703 World Wide Web Site Access the latest networking information on 3Com’s World Wide Web sit...

Support from Your Network Supplier A-3 Local access numbers are available within the following countries: Support from Your Network Supplier If additional assistance is required, contact your network supplier. Many suppliers are authorized 3Com service partners who are qualified to provide a variety...

A-4 A PPENDIX A: T ECHNICAL S UPPORT Support from 3Com If you are unable to receive support from your network supplier, technical support contracts are available from 3Com. In the U.S. and Canada, call (800) 876-3266 for customer service. If you are outside the U.S. and Canada, contact your local 3C...

I NDEX Numerics 3Com Bulletin Board Service (3ComBBS) A-13Com sales offices A-43ComFacts A-2 A AARP 6-10AARP cache administering 9-6displaying 9-7removing an entry from 9-8 address classes 4-3IP 7-1IP to MAC, translating 7-9MAC 3-3network 3-3 Address Resolution Protocol. See ARP Administration Conso...

4 I NDEX network layer, AppleTalk 6-6network numbers extended 6-2nonextended 6-2 network supplier support A-3nodes AppleTalk 6-2 nonextended network numbers 6-2 O on-line technical services A-1OSI 6-5OSI Reference Model AppleTalk routing and 6-5IP routing and 4-1IPX routing and 5-2 P PAP 6-10physica...